Modernization Process Research Articles

On the Concept of Information in Criminal Proceedings

Information gains special importance in the modern criminal process, it becomes a valuable resource in the implementation of procedural rights. The article is devoted to the issues of procedural information research. Most theories view information as a component of the process of cognition, as data regarding the committed crime. Such an interpretation somewhat limits its significance for the criminal process and makes it possible to view information only as the contents of proof. At the same time, the absence of a common view on the procedural understanding of information leads to certain difficulties in determining the limits of the rights to information for the criminal procedure participants. In order to understand information as a criminal procedure category, it is necessary to research its essence. Such an approach will contribute to specifying terminology, deriving key procedural attributes, and to the categorization of this concept. The author examines various doctrinal viewpoints on this issue, presents the philosophical understanding of information, and its legislative definition. There is a comparison of concepts from the criminalistic and the criminal procedure doctrines. The key attributes of information are formulated and the methods of its classification are presented.

Перспективы сотрудничества Российской Федерации и стран Средней Азии в сфере безопасности

Central Asia currently plays an important geopolitical role in maintaining the balance of power in Eurasia. Russia's role in the development of the situation in the region is evolving, but remains one of the leading ones. The development of modern global geopolitical processes dictates the need for the Russian Federation to search for territorial areas to strengthen its influence in order to increase the level of protection from external challenges and threats. Strategically important in this regard is the building of constructive cooperation between our country and the states of Central Asia, aimed at ensuring the comprehensive security of all parties. The features of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the countries of Central Asia in the field of security, its directions and forms are described. The key threats in the field of security and the institutional mechanisms formed to counter these threats are considered.

Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development and Optimization Path of Low Carbon Economy and New Urbanization

Currently, China has entered a stage of high-quality development, and urbanization is an important issue in China's modernization process. Urbanization faces many challenges such as food security, resource and energy shortages, and environmental pollution. To solve this problem, we must take a new path of sustainable development towards urbanization. The new type of urbanization adheres to the principle of people-oriented, taking the path of green, circular, and low-carbon. It can unleash huge domestic demand potential and is an important driving force for the healthy and high-quality development of China's economy and society. A low-carbon economy emphasizes increasing energy output, reducing energy consumption and pollution, thereby reducing emissions and improving economic benefits. Low carbon economy is not only a new economic form and development model in the era of ecological civilization, but also the best economic form and development model for the construction of new urbanization.

Capitalism’s Unclear Futures

The authors of the present article pose and consider in detail the highly relevant issue of whether capitalism has a future or whether it will be replaced by some new system. And if it does have a future, then what future will it be? These questions are nothing new, but in the recent few years, just like a hundred years ago, they have acquired exceptional importance, since not only the Left but also the representatives of the largest financial capital started speaking about the end of capitalism. The present article considers the following aspects: what is capitalism as an economic sector and as an economic system? How did capitalism evolve? What are its potentialities? The authors also make some forecasts for the next 50–100 years. Various scenarios for the future of capitalism are considered: from maintaining its leading role to its reduction to a sector. It is assumed that in the coming decades, the development of capitalism may proceed in different ways in developed and developing countries, which may result in a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations, and forms of capitalism. In some countries, the development of capitalism has reached a level when it has already exhausted itself and needs transformations; meanwhile, there are countries where full-fledged market relations have not yet emerged. The authors analyze two main types of capitalism. The developed countries are likely to experience a shift toward strengthening of distributive institutions. In their turn, the developing countries that continue the processes of economic and socio-political modernization are likely to proceed toward strengthening of capitalist market institutions, though with some important restrictions preventing exploitation and environmental degradation. The authors believe that capitalism will be inevitably transformed in one way or another, but such transformations can vary greatly.

THE PRACTICE OF INSURANCE OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT THE END OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Purpose of the study. The article, using materials from archival sources and scientific literature, examines one of the most important components of the development of industrial business in Russia at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, insurance. Conclusion. The purpose of the study is to identify insurance practices of industrial enterprises in the Middle Volga region within the specified chronological framework. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that under the conditions of accelerating the processes of early industrial modernization, the functioning of industrial business was associated with the need to fulfill a number of formal requirements. One of them was insurance of industrial enterprises, which was associated not only with increasing risks, but also with the need to implement financial and production projects for business development. In particular, the possibility of obtaining bank loans and participating in government contracts was associated with the need to insure industrial enterprises. Using the example of the Simbirsk province, we see that the practice of insurance is quite firmly integrated into the business organization system, allowing it to be financially stabilized and made more stable in terms of countering risks and threats.

COMPREHENSIVE CONDITION ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE SMART GRID CONCEPT

The article examines development trends of the energy complex of Ukraine, possibility and prospects of creating a modern energy complex through the use of an innovative technical base for energy management in accordance with the Smart Grid concept. The general properties of Smart Grid technology and its main advantages are given by authors. It is shown that within the framework of the Smart Grid concept, the intelligent electric power system is considered as a single network of information and control systems. The process of electric power industry modernization in the direction of the creation of "smart" power supply networks in a number of European countries, which aims to ensure stable development, economic growth, growth of living standards and protection of the natural environment, is considered. The paper describes modernization methods of the electric power complex of Ukraine based on foreign experience. It is shown that from the point of view of energy security and sustainable development, Smart Grid is able to ensure the operation of the power grid even in case of damage or destruction of one segment, which is a key advantage during post-war reconstruction. They will also make it possible to effectively integrate renewable generation and energy storage systems into the grid, as well as provide auxiliary services for forecasting the power system operation. The paper analyzes the problematic issues of implementing the Smart Grid concept in Ukraine. They include the lack of technological solutions and methods that provide an effective algorithm for determining the state of power networks cyber security; large length of power distribution networks and insufficiently developed infrastructure. A comparative description of the existing energy systems functional properties and energy systems based on the Smart Grid concept is presented in general. An analysis of possible ways of electric power industry development was carried out, which showed the presence of serious limitations of electric power industry development within the framework of the former concept, based mainly on the improvement of certain types of equipment and technologies. It is shown that Ukraine is at the initial familiarization and formation stage of the first organizational initiatives for Smart Grid, namely the implementation of the government-approved Concept of the "smart grids" introduction in Ukraine for the period up to 2035. The purpose and expected results of this Concept implementation are considered.

Traditional Administrative Leadership in Rantau Bais Sub-District, Rokan Hilir, Riau, Indonesia

Purpose: This research examines the role and dynamics of traditional administrative leadership in Rantau Bais Sub-District, Rokan Hilir, Riau, Indonesia. The objective of this research is to analyze the traditional administrative leadership of the Penghulu in Rantau Bais Sub-District. Theoretical framework: In the context of globalization and the rapid modernization process, the role of the village chief (Penghulu) as a traditional leader becomes increasingly crucial to understand. Methods: A qualitative approach is employed, involving in-depth interviews and participatory observation to gain profound insights from the Penghulu and community members. Results and Conclusion: The findings of this research provide a better understanding of how traditional leadership in Rantau Bais Sub-District adapts to the changing times, addresses administrative challenges, and plays a key role in local development. The results of this research are expected to contribute theoretically and practically to our understanding of traditional leadership in the rapidly changing local context. Research implications: The implications of these research findings can serve as a foundation for developing policies that support community empowerment, preserve traditional values, and foster adaptive leadership development in Rantau Bais Sub-District and similar communities throughout Indonesia. Originality/value: The analysis also found the emergence of a new trait in the village chief’s leadership emphasized in the previous trait theory, namely, “Justice,” which manifests in community development issues.

Проблемы организации государственного регулирования финансового контроля в сфере строительства

The article discusses issues related to the specifics of the implementation of state financial control in the field of construction. It is emphasized that this type of activity undergoes transformation in modern conditions due to the active inclusion of innovative elements in the organization of regulatory and inspection procedures, as well as due to the total digitalization of the Russian society. Above all, the complexity of the implementation of state financial control in the construction sector due to the multitude of stakeholders and the need to apply universal and at the same time differentiated methods of work to them is highlighted. The author identifies the following problems of financial control regulation in the construction sector: the lack of a full-fledged and well-established legislative framework; inconsistency of regulatory guidelines in different branches of law; vague-ness of the division of powers of subjects; the need to comply with the processes of modernization and digitali-zation of the financial structure in order to obtain more massive information data. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the progressive development of society determines changes in the procedure of state financial control in the field of construction, the search for new regulatory and evaluating forms of work, the creation of innova-tive integrated programs of control of construction facilities.

Discovering the Child? Individualization Processes of Catholic Religious Education in the Horizon of Secularization since 1900

At the beginning of the 20th century, early processes of secularization – especially in working-class families living in large cities – and inadequate teaching methods led to a crisis of Catholic religious education. Teachers and professors highlighted that it was becoming more and more difficult for reli­gious education to reach students and to ensure that they become devoted members of the Church. In this situation, a catechetical movement was established, which was mainly situated in Munich and Vienna, where teachers, catechists, and academics discussed reforms of the commonly used teaching methods in religious education. Conferences and the foundation of journals followed. It is at least from this point that the process of modernization in the field of religious education in the German-speaking context begins. This modernization gained traction after the Second Vatican Council and was also pro­moted by the phenomenon of secularization and pluralization after the 1960s. Against this background, the essay will address the following questions: What led to the modernization of religious education that began around 1900? What role was played by the new openness of catechists and theologians for edu­cation science and the (religious) pluralization of society? To answer this question, the article will focus on developments between 1900 and the 1920s, during the 1970s, and the more or less topical discus­sion about the concept of ‘theology of children’ since the late 1990s. This study will also ask whether this development can be described as the discovery of the child in theology and religious education. Finally, this paper asks what consequences this development has for a denominational religious education in state schools today and in the future.

МЕХМЕТ АКИФ ЕРСОЙ МЕН АБАЙ ҚҰНАНБАЕВТЫҢ ӨЛЕҢДЕРІНЕ САЛЫСТЫРМАЛЫ КӨЗҚАРАС

Türkiye and Kazakhstan have entered the modernization process since the late 19th century. Accordingly, in both regions, writers and poets reflected the need for reform in their works, and literary works focused on social problems. Abay Kunanbayev and Mehmet Akif exhibited a similar attitude in terms of including social criticism and emphasizing the need for innovation. The fact that both artists criticize unfair rulers, laziness and ignorance, and emphasize the women's issue is an indication of this attitude. In this article, the poems of Abay Kunanbayev and Mehmet Akif will be discussed comparatively.

Niemeyer in the Desert. Presences of the Russian Avant-Garde in Ibirapuera Park

This article traces how Oscar Niemeyer and his team’s early draft of the Ibirapuera Park project (1951–1954) employs resources from the art and architecture of the Russian avant-garde of the early 20th century. It presents similarities with two projects by architect Ivan Leonidov regarding formal citations and the dispersion of volumes in space. It states a strong link between the Brazilian architect’s work and the suprematist conception of space, which employs empty space as a “desert condition” that aesthetically elaborates on the isolation characteristic of the modern condition. Such use of space articulates Niemeyer’s tragic perception of the modernization process in Brazil. However, the marquee in Ibirapuera Park suggests an integration of the otherwise dispersed volumes. It allows for the social appropriation of space and the coexistence of diverse groups, thus producing a space where integration between bodies remains possible.

The Influence Of The E-WOM, E-Trust, and E-Service on Purchase Decision

The research aimed to investigate the influence of E-WOM, E-Trust, and E-Service on purchase decisions among active users of the TikTokShop marketplace in West Jakarta. These variables were chosen due to their critical roles in shaping consumer behavior and influencing purchasing decisions in online market contexts. E-WOM (Electronic Word of Mouth) reflects the power of recommendations and reviews from peers and online communities, which are crucial factors in modern consumer decision-making processes. E-Trust (Electronic Trust) is fundamental in establishing and maintaining relationships between consumers and online platforms, influencing user confidence in the platform's reliability, security, and credibility. E-Service (Electronic Service) directly impacts user experience and satisfaction within online marketplaces, as the quality of service provided significantly influences consumer perceptions and purchasing decisions. By examining the dynamics of E-WOM, E-Trust, and E-Service within the TikTokShop market context, the research aims to provide insights that can inform strategies to enhance user engagement, trust, and ultimately drive purchase decisions on the platform.

PECULIARITIES OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AT RTE

The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of managing the innovation activity of an enterprise, as well as to determine the sources of information necessary for assessing the innovation activity of a road transport enterprise. The methodological basis of this article is the scientific works of prominent scholars and materials of periodicals. In the course of the study, the article uses the method of logical analysis to substantiate and determine the main prerequisites for innovation activity. The method of system analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of innovation activities. The article also uses a graphical method to present a classification of sources of information on the analysis of innovation activities of enterprises. An initiative in the field of innovation at any enterprise is always aimed at generating and attracting innovative ideas from the external environment in order to increase competitiveness, strengthen market positions and ensure development prospects. However, different enterprises have significant differences in their ability to attract innovations, which is mainly due to resource constraints. Certain features and the system of innovation management at motor transport enterprises are not equivalent to the management system of the enterprise as a whole. It includes certain functions and actions related to the selection, initiation and implementation of relevant innovation processes at the enterprise. These processes will contribute to the creation of significant competitive advantages under existing resource constraints and ensure proper economic return on resources. Evaluating the results of the study, it can be argued that the management of innovation activity is a key element of its high-quality, long-term and efficient functioning. However, innovation activity, like any other, requires appropriate management through a mechanism that should be part of the overall strategic management mechanism of the enterprise. Information for further analysis of innovation activities and minimization of investment risks has a decisive impact on the quality of the final data of the motor transport enterprise. A qualitative analysis of the level of technical and technological development of the enterprise serves as an information base for determining the directions of investment in the modernization processes of the road transport enterprise.

Modernization of Technical Units of the Nepali Army for Mission Success (A Mixed Methods Exploratory Research)

In this research paper, the author has tried to establish the historical journey of technical units and their organizational changes, especially in the field of modernization in the Nepali army. A brief historical background of such technical units is also one of the areas of interest of the researcher to enhance the research questions. A mixed method has been applied. An exploratory approach has been used to answer the research questions. Almost 10 army experts, including defense security experts who know the Nepali army closely participated in the Delphi technique, based on interview questionnaires to explore the research findings. Secondary data have been used for the quantitative research analysis and 10 veteran Generals participated in qualitative research. In quantitative analysis, the growth and strength were analyzed. Medical, Aviation, EME, Civil Engineering, and Production Units were chosen for the study. Triangulation of methods was used to establish the reliability and credibility of the research findings. The results show that top leadership of the Nepali Army is one of the top factors for the modernization of Technical Units than any other factors and the Mission factor comes in the second position that is the serendipity of these research findings. The study also revealed that without a perfect balance between technology and technocrats, mission success is difficult to achieve. This research has answered all the research questions and has given enough avenues for the modernization process of technical units of the Nepali Army in the upcoming days to achieve organizational, as well as mission success of the Nepali Army.

Art technology as a means of preparing competent teachers for pre-school activities

ABSTRACT Innovative art technology today is primarily concerned with the pre-school education system as a level of discovery of the individual abilities of a particular child. In modern education promotion processes, the content of education is enriched, attention is paid to intellectual and creative abilities, and motor and emotional-volitional areas are corrected. The purpose of the study is to replace traditional methods of pre-school education activities with modern ones using art technologies, aimed at activating and implementing personal, spiritual, moral, and cognitive development of the child. In this fluctuating environment, the future educator needs to be able to quickly navigate the variety of integrative methods of the pedagogical spectrum. The practical significance of the material consists in the study area and implementation of modern educational methods of pre-school teachers’ training using art technologies, covering new ideas of humanistic and personally developing education.

Феномен справедливості як правової цінності: науковий дискурс сучасного розуміння

The article clarifies the determining features of justice as a legal value through the prism of modern legal understanding. It is noted that justice is one of the most important problems of our time, which reflects the extremely complex dialectical processes of the legal development of global society. As a value, it forms the worldview attitudes of society, people's vision of their future, their eternal aspirations for harmony and perfection of social relations. And also allows to comprehensively understand the meaning and content of modern processes of state and law-making. Four criteria of justice in the legal dimension are singled out: 1) equality; 2) distinction; 3) ideas of humanism; 4) systematicity. The phenomenon of justice as a legal value is revealed and its dynamic nature and relative constancy of the criteria for its definition in the legal dimension are noted, which is caused by real changes in the political life of society, legal matter, economy, etc. It is natural that all evolutionary and transformational processes within society significantly affect the general perception of justice or injustice, as well as the criteria for their assessment. That is, the understanding of justice has a specific historical, socio-cultural and political-legal context, and depends on the constantly changing social life. It is concluded that justice occupies a decisive place in the integral system of legal values. It reflects the practical side of the implementation of law as an effective regulator of social relations, a tool that has a powerful human-creating potential. Through legal means, legal institutions, justice embodies the high purpose of law, its humanistic nature.

Digitalization: Legal Concepts and Constructions, Narratives and Terms and their Features (certain remarks as per General Legal Theory and International Law aspects)

The article deals with both topical and not always clearly visible legal problems caused by modern processes that occur in the material world and its comprehension, as a result of the so-called “IV Industrial Revolution” and the fifth and sixth “technological orders” (which are mostly enclosed within the framework of technical/technological transformations in the economy, industry, agriculture, science and society in whole, and their outcome — digitalization, robotization, “artificial intelligence”, platforms and “platform law”, digital technologies, “network law” / cyber law, “electronic identity”, etc.). In the course of the research, the author’s gaze focuses on sometimes oppositely charged, with a multidirectional force of effect and various facets available in the very essence or the consequences of the phenomena under consideration, including the wide and rapid proliferation of the concepts and the theories of “accelerated speed of changes in the material world”, “the laws of disruption” and the impact thereof on the law.

Crisis, corruption and state-led development in the making of the Mexican drug trade

Abstract The state of Durango has long been a centre of Mexican heroin production and an important node in transnational drug trafficking networks. As early as 1944, it was the site of one of the biggest drug busts in Mexican history, when an opium poppy plantation the size of 325 football pitches, irrigated by a purpose-built aqueduct, was discovered in the state’s northern mountains. By the mid 1970s, a combination of kinship ties and concrete connected these poppy fields directly with the US drug market hub of Chicago, Illinois, along a route known as the ‘heroin highway’, which helped Mexico become the supplier of 90 per cent of US heroin. But how did a poor, underpopulated and overwhelmingly rural state become a major player in the billion-dollar US–Mexican drug trade? This article shows that in Durango, the rise of heroin production and trafficking were integral aspects of local processes of social, political and economic modernization. Stimulated by the Mexican and US governments’ promotion of infrastructural improvements and mass migration, and protected by representatives of Mexico’s post-revolutionary political system, the drug trade in turn fuelled further ‘licit’ economic development, making it part of the very foundation of Mexico as we know it today.

Reality as Technology, or Ontological Lexicon in Modern Processes Nomination

The study examines terminological nominations in the IT sphere in the Russian, which include lexicon denoting ontological concepts. The aim of the research is to identify a conceptual shift in the perception of reality, as explicit in new terminological nominations of the digital era (augmented reality, mixed reality, RR). Composite nominations with key nouns of ontological semantics were extracted from scientific and media discourse. Research methodology includes semantic and contextual analysis, interpretative analysis within the framework of the theory of linguistic conceptualization of the world. The following conclusions were drawn: the use of words of ontological semantics in IT technical terms reflects a technocentric view of objective reality, where its fundamentally significant role in human and societal organization is reimagined. The concept of “reality” is juxtaposed with the concept of “virtuality.” The “real reality” itself, designated as ‘RR’, is considered one of the components in the paradigm of immersive technologies. Semantic changes are evident in the adjective ‘realnyy’ [real]: in opposition to attributes like ‘virtualnyy’ [virtual], ‘onlayn’ [online], etc., it embodies a new semantic nuance ‘manifesting not in virtual space’, which becomes relevant in discussions about the role of digital technologies in life.

El paisaje sonoro en la cultura

The articles in this thematic issue of Encartes were written by researchers who participated in the project Paisaje sonoro, música, ruidos y sonidos de las fronteras, carried out in Tijuana at the end of 2022. Some of the participating researchers were also part of previous projects carried out at El COLEF on music and the processes of modernity. However, on this occasion the theme was directed to sound, music and the processes of listening from culture. In such a way that the writings derived from this project not only focus on sound, but also on listening, which is an indispensable conceptual binomial to think about sound processes and constitute fundamental categories for cultural processes, analogous to the opposition between identity and otherness, in the understanding that it is not possible to analyze one without the presence of the other.