Modernization Process Research Articles

Clinical and Educational Aspects of Neuroimaging in Microsurgery of the Posterior Fossa: A Comprehensive Review.

The clinical and educational value of modern high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and image processing in neurovascular diseases of the posterior fossa with regard to preoperative planning and intraoperative comparison with the actual anatomical situation was consecutively evaluated. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN) and arterial hypertension (HTN) were analyzed. The high-resolution MRI data was segmented and visualized three-dimensionally using computer graphics methods. New anatomical insights were gained, such as the classification of neurovascular compression (NVC) in HFS and GN. It was also possible to visualize the pathognomonic cerebrospinal fluid signal in patients with TN for the first time. Using the new imaging methods, pregnant hypertensive patients were examined and the existence of NVC was confirmed for the first time, and the findings were compared to other studies dealing with NVC syndromes. This review gives an overview on the established methods of neuroimaging and image processing of neurovascular structures in the posterior fossa with the focus on clinical and educational aspects.

Research on the Protection and Inheritance of Oroqen Birch Bark Art

The art of birch bark in the Oroqen nationality is an important part of Oroqen culture, deeply rooted in the production, life and traditional culture of the Oroqen nationality. It shows distinct national characteristics and unique charm of forest culture, and has extremely high aesthetic and historical value. However, with the accelerating process of social modernization, the traditional life and cultural environment of the Oroqen nationality are undergoing profound changes, which makes the protection and inheritance of Oroqen birch bark art face great challenges. In order to ensure the sustainable development of this art form, it is necessary for us to conduct in-depth discussion, seek effective protection measures and inheritance ways, and further promote the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

ҚОҒАМНЫҢ САЯСИ-ИДЕОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ҮДЕРІСІН ФИЛОСОФИЯЛЫҚ ТАЛДАУ

Kazakhstan's political science is at the stage of formation. This means that their own explanatory models begin to be built, mainly in the field of the formation of a new political system and its components. There is almost no philosophical study of the problem of ideology in Kazakhstan. The article discusses the problem of philosophical analysis of political and ideological processes of modern transforming Kazakhstani society. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the subject field of ideological processes is studied in many Sciences. Philosophical analysis of the theory of ideology allows us to more clearly identify the main components of the ideological chain. The philosophical study of ideological processes in Kazakhstan reveals the importance of the formation of the national ideological process of Kazakhstan's society in the context of globalization.

БОЛАШАҚ ПЕДАГОГТАРДЫ КӘСІБИ ДАЯРЛАУДА САПАЛЫҚ ДАҒДЫЛАРЫН ДАМЫТУДЫҢ ПСИХОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ТИІМДІЛІГІ

The article is based on the system of professional training of future teachers in higher educational institutions of the country. Today, an independent country is a country that determines the possibilities of future development, taking into account modern processes, technologies that provide its own system, model and quality of national education. Kazakhstan as a sovereign state, the signing of the Lisbon Declaration and participation in the Bologna process, etc. reflect its place in the global educational space. This circumstance contributes to the intensive development of the higher education system, taking into account the socio-cultural interests of our state and global educational processes that determine the quality and technological achievements in higher education. It is obvious that one of the urgent problems of pedagogical science and best practices is to identify priority areas for improving the upbringing and education of the free generation that has crossed the threshold of the XXI century. In the system of professional training of future teachers, their qualitative skills should correspond to social processes. Due to the transition of an independent country to a market economy in accordance with the changing requirements of the time, the main criteria of competitiveness oblige future teachers to have modern qualities along with knowledge, knowledge, business skills. In this regard, the article formulates the relevance and positions, features and rationality of the development of qualitative skills in the system of professional training of future teachers based on scientific analysis.

Automating modern code review processes with code similarity measurement

Context:Modern code review is a critical component in software development processes, as it ensures security, detects errors early and improves code quality. However, manual reviews can be time-consuming and unreliable. Automated code review can address these issues. Although deep-learning methods have been used to recommend code review comments, they are expensive to train and employ. Instead, information retrieval (IR)-based methods for automatic code review are showing promising results in efficiency, effectiveness, and flexibility. Objective:Our main objective is to determine the optimal combination of the vectorization method and similarity to measure what gives the best results in an automatic code review, thereby improving the performance of IR-based methods. Method:Specifically, we investigate different vectorization methods (Word2Vec, Doc2Vec, Code2Vec, and Transformer) that differ from previous research (TF-IDF and Bag-of-Words), and similarity measures (Cosine, Euclidean, and Manhattan) to capture the semantic similarities between code texts. We evaluate the performance of these methods using standard metrics, such as Blue, Meteor, and Rouge-L, and include the run-time of the models in our results. Results:Our results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms the state-of-the-art method in all standard metrics and similarity measurements, achieving a 19.1% improvement in providing exact matches and a 6.2% improvement in recommending reviews closer to human reviews. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the Transformer model is a highly effective and efficient approach for recommending code review comments that closely resemble those written by humans, providing valuable insight for developing more efficient and effective automated code review systems.

ДОСВІД ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОБОТИ ВОДОПРОПУСКНИХ СПОРУД ІЗ МЕТАЛЕВИХ ГОФРОВАНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ НА АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРОГАХ

Introduction. Road culverts made of metal corrugated structures despite of more than a hundred years of application history, in Ukraine they are a fairly new type of construction and are widely used in transport construction as an alternative to traditional steel or concrete bridge structures. The well-known advantages that justify the choice of such a solution are mainly a short term and relatively low cost of construction, construction provided that the appropriate technological regime is followed and does not cause any particular problems. However, the modern process of design and construction of road culverts from metal corrugated structures is imperfect and is constantly being improved. Therefore, there is a need to conduct an analysis conditions of operation and features of the operation of road culverts from the metal corrugated structures with the determination of approaches to improving design and construction to further increase the durability of the structure as a whole. Problems. From the literature analysis, it was established that road culverts are in difficult operating conditions, which causes their premature destruction. Goal. It consists in the analysis of operating experience and features of the operation of culverts made of metal corrugated structures on highways with the installation of measures to increase durability.

Analysis of hot spots and trends in rolling bearing fault diagnosis research based on scientific knowledge mapping

As a key component of mechanical equipment, real-time monitoring and diagnosis of rolling bearings play a critical role in ensuring the stable operation of equipment and the safety of operators. In order to present the current status and trends of fault diagnosis research on rolling bearings more intuitively, the scientific knowledge mapping was used to visualize and analyze the relevant literature in the article. The results show that the number of publications in this area of research has grown significantly in recent years, with China, India, the United States, and England having contributed significantly. The journals such as MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, MEASUREMENT, and JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION have played an important role in disseminating cutting-edge technologies in this field. In addition, the exploration of modern methods based on data-driven and artificial intelligence, as well as their application to real-world problems, are gradually becoming the focus of research. Through summarising and analysing, the application of modern data processing techniques, the development of more efficient and practical intelligent fault diagnosis techniques, and the close integration of laboratory research and practical applications will become future research trends.

Formation of a Digital Economy Model in the Kyrgyz Republic

The article discusses the issues of the digital economy model of the Kyrgyz Republic, based on the economic and legal framework of information relations aimed at the development of digital processes. National legislation must have legal mechanisms capable of regulating information relations in the field of digital transformation of the economy. The construction of a modern digital infrastructure should contribute to the development of the country’s digital economy and provide communication with global information data, which will contribute to digital transformation at the level of modern developed infrastructure. The experience of creating and directing the digital transformation of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic was studied, based on the development and adoption of national programs and strategies that should be aimed at developing an index for measuring the digital economy, including displaying indicators and tools for assessing the digital development of the Kyrgyz Republic. It has been determined that the digital economy should be built on a developed information infrastructure with a mandatory process of modernization of all sectors of the economy. Proposals were made to further improve the direction of development of the digital economy in the near future.

Neural Cellular Automata-based Land Use Changes Simulation

Abstract. Simulating land use and land cover changes (LUCC) is important for urban planning and environmental studies. In this study, we introduce a neural cellular automata (NCA) model that integrates biological principles and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for land use simulation. We conduct experiments in the city of Wuhan, China. The NCA model achieved the highest performance with an OA of 0.858, F1 score of 0.753, Kappa coefficient of 0.799, and FOM of 0.427. Comparisons of land use data of Wuhan city from 2000 and 2010 with the simulated optimal results indicate that forest areas closer to urban centers are more susceptible to modernization processes, showing the advantage of NCA in accurately simulating land use changes in the central urban area.

An analysis of the development path of ethnic villages under the protection of traditional Jiarong culture

Most of the villages in the north-west ethnic areas of Sichuan are located within a culturally rich zone. However, during the process of village modernization, the protection and inheritance of traditional culture are often overlooked. This study has investigated the construction techniques and spatial components of traditional villages in Lixian, Sichuan Province, from the perspective of cultural inheritance. It analyzes and synthesizes representative design language and proposes a design concept that combines spatial perspective and cultural inheritance to conduct research on design paths aimed at strengthening functional positioning, optimizing spatial layout, improving village style, and improving infrastructure. The objective is to establish a research path to maintain the village-style during post-disaster process reconstruction and village development, thus protecting the unique local architectural culture and achieving comprehensive village development. In addition, we explored issues such as the lack of architectural style and the lagging development of human settlements, aiming to promote rural revitalization and integrated urban-rural development in this area.

Stower-13: A Multi-View Inspection Image Dataset for the Automatic Classification and Naming of Tension Towers

In high-voltage transmission lines, the tension tower needs to withstand the tension load of the overhead power line for a long time, which is prone to damage, and it is an important part of the inspection in the circuit inspection. In the modern circuit inspection process, operation and maintenance personnel mostly use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to photograph various parts of the tension tower, obtain inspection images, and manually classify and name the massive inspection images, which is low in accuracy and efficiency. Based on the above problems, this paper collects a large number of real-life UAV inspection images of various parts of a tension tower, and proposes the Stower-13 inspection image dataset, which is used to train the classification model to achieve automatic classification and naming of inspection images. Based on this dataset, this paper also proposes an improved MobileViT model, in which the Scale-Correlated Pyramid Convolution Block Attention Block (SCPCbam) module is introduced, which adds the Convolution Block Attention Module (CBAM) to the four branches of the original Scale-Correlated Pyramid Convolution (SCPC) module, so as to strengthen the ability of image multi-scale information extraction and improve the classification accuracy. This paper discusses a number of experiments on the model, and the experimental results show that the dataset proposed in this paper helps the model to understand the feature information. At the same time, the improved MobileViT model has a strong ability to extract image spatial feature information, the classification accuracy is higher than that of other models of the same type, so it is able to cope with a wide range of problems that arise in the course of practice, and it meets the practical needs of automatically naming transmission line inspection images.

Emergence of chambers in the Turkish history: the case of Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce (DCC) as a public-agent meta-organization, 1882–1929

Purpose Building on previous historical works, this study aims to develop a framework to represent chambers as meta-organizations and present the case of Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce (DCC), based on this framework, during its emergence and evolution in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Design/methodology/approach In the study, a historical narrative was constructed from primary and secondary data. To complement data collected from the archives a systematic content analysis was used to explore the discourse of the chamber within its serial magazine. Findings It was found that the first chamber of the Ottoman Empire, DCC, was established according to the public law model as an extension of the economic context and the guild order, and it was observed that it increasingly conformed to this model between 1882 and 1929. Originality/value In this study, chamber models are examined for the first time according to the designated features of meta-organizational forms, built on the historical work on chambers. The case of DCC suggested that it adopted a public law model and displayed much continuity, even when significant transitions were observed during the modernization process from Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN DIGITAL DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN BATIK TULIS DI KALANGAN MASYARAKAT: STUDY KASUS DESA GAMEL MELALUI SORUM ASOFA CIREBON

In distributing written batik, a batik craftsman in Gamel Village needs to have a digital marketing strategy through Sorum Asofa to develop batik cloth more widely in order to preserve batik culture in Cirebon. After the process of distributing written batik cloth from craftsmen, sorum asofa will be redistributed in the form of more creative products. Sorum Asofa's digital marketing strategy process promotes its products by utilizing social media (online) through applications such as Shopee, TikTok Shop, Lazada, and Tokopedia. Apart from that, Sorum Asofa also promotes its products offline (directly) so that innovation is needed that is in line with current technological developments. this this. Written batik is one of the regional cultural heritages that must be preserved both with more modern and traditional processes, so digital marketing has a very important role in preserving regional culture with more modern innovations among local communities and the manufacturing process is different from stamped batik, and mixed batik.Key words: Marketing, Distribution, Handmade Batik, Sorum Asofa

The influence of the application of glass curtain walls on architectural style and architectural facade design techniques

In recent years, with the increasingly rapid development of the glass curtain wall and its gradually mature use in architecture, many designers choose to use glass curtain walls when designing buildings in order to get the desired building facade effect. As a result, there are many new architectural styles and building facade effects. Against this background, this paper discusses how glass curtain wall is applied in architecture and how it helps and influences architectural design styles and techniques. To conclude, the glass curtain wall has been widely used in the design of high-rise buildings and public buildings at this stage, and it also helps designers to more conveniently adjust the virtual-real relationship of building facades and the overall architectural style. The use of large-area glass curtain walls in the design of facades can achieve special effects that cannot be replaced by other materials. At the same time, the application of glass facades also promotes the process of architectural design modernization.

Отдельные аспекты трансформации правового регулирования договорных отношений, происходящей на фоне цифровизации (на примере Китайской Народной Республики и Российской Федерации)

Using the example of the development of contractual legal relations in the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation, the article shows certain aspects of the transformation of legal regulation and adaptation of civil legislation to the changing realities of economic reality in the context of digitalization. The author comes to the conclusion that there is a gradual adaptation of civil legislation to those processes associated with digitalization, active implementation and use of information technologies. In terms of regulating contractual relations, the People’s Republic of China has gone through a difficult path, which began with the reception of foreign experience. She achieved rationalization of legislation, not only by integrating the 1999 Contract Law, administrative rules, and judicial interpretations into the Civil Code, but also taking into account modern processes of electronic interaction between counterparties. The experience of the PRC may be useful for improving our civil legislation.

Modern and conventional processing technologies and their impact on the quality of different millets.

Millet, the highly sustainable crop for farming and combating hunger, has recently regained a resurgence in popularity as people seek more sustainable and nutrient-dense alternatives. International organizations and research institutions have advocated for increased millet production and consumption by introducing novel technologies and machinery in response to global food security and climate change challenges. This review aims to identify the impact of modern and conventional processing technologies on the quality of different millets. A comprehensive analysis of research reviews reveals that double-stage and tabletop centrifugal dehullers, infrared roasting, pulsed light, ultrasound, high-pressure processing methods, fortification, and encapsulation are optimal for nutrient retention in various millets. Extrusion technology application in millet processing has created a diverse range of value-added products with extended shelf stability. Emphasis is needed to develop robust promotion and distribution channels and establish an export promotion forum involving all stakeholders to promote and diversify millet-based products and technologies.

Quantification of Holocene temperatures in the eastern Hunshandake Sandy Land using δ13C of loess organic matter

The soil organic carbon isotope indicator (δ13Corg) is widely used in paleoecology and paleoclimate reconstruction due to its ability to record the history of paleovegetation change. Although it has been used as a proxy for precipitation reconstruction, increasing evidence suggests that temperature has played a crucial role in influencing the relative abundance of C3/C4 plants in the mid-latitudes during the interglacial period. This opens up the possibility of reconstructing Holocene temperature using δ13Corg. In this study, the variation of δ13Corg values in a Holocene loess profile (GLH profile), located in the eastern Hunshandake Sandy Land, China, was investigated. And we analyzed the correlation between δ13Corg values and modern temperatures for a total of 792 surface soil samples from mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, which had thermal conditions comparable to the GLH profile. Strong positive correlations were found between δ13Corg values of surface soil samples and both summer temperatures (r = 0.672, p < 0.001) and growing season temperatures (r = 0.669, p < 0.001). Additionally, δ13Corg values showed significant positive correlations with accumulated temperatures above 10 °C (r = 0.641, p < 0.001) and above 0 °C (r = 0.527, p < 0.001). However, the correlation with mean annual temperature was weak (r = 0.280, p < 0.001). The δ13Corg variation in the GLH profile recorded a mixed C3/C4 vegetation composition, with C4 plants comprising between 23.40% and 1.70% of the total abundance during the Holocene. The combined evidence from modern processes and profile variations confirms that warm-season temperature was the main factor driving variations in the δ13Corg values in the GLH profile. Therefore, we used δ13Corg–temperature conversion equations to quantify Holocene seasonal and accumulated temperatures based on the GLH profile. The reconstructed summer temperatures peaked at 9.3 ka, followed by a fluctuating downward trend during the mid- and late-Holocene, which is consistent with variations in summer solar insolation. Mean summer temperatures were relatively high at 23.3 °C and 22.5 °C in the early and mid-Holocene, respectively, while the lowest mean summer temperature of 20.5 °C occurred in the late Holocene. Accumulated temperatures above 10 °C and above 0 °C in the early Holocene were 3722 °C·d and 4641 °C·d, respectively, similar to modern observations in the Beijing area, indicating a southward shift of the temperature zone by nearly three degrees of latitude since the early Holocene. These reconstruction results are supported by modern observations, TraCE21 simulations, and other studies. This study is significant for extending the application of the δ13Corg indicator for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions. It verifies its effectiveness in quantifying Holocene temperatures in the marginal zone of the East Asian summer monsoon.

Science Diplomacy as Assessed by Heads of Representative Offices of the Russian Federation in Switzerland

Introduction. The article analyses the relevant content of the “science diplomacy” concept and describes the key trends of its implementation, taking into account the points of view of current Russian diplomats on the problem. Science diplomacy is becoming a relevant area of diplomatic activity under the conditions of modern globalization processes. As an important area of the activity of the state, it implies not only the establishment of effective science cooperation with other countries but also optimal use of its own scientific potential with a view to upholding the national interests and improving the image of the state. Methods and materials. The authors have reviewed a number of expert points of view from modern researchers. Based on the use of general and special scientific methods, some important conclusions have been drawn concerning the specifics of the development and relevant content of science diplomacy. By comparing and systematising the empirical data obtained from a number of sources, some scientifically significant directions of state activity in this area have been determined. Analysis. By summarising cases from diplomatic practice, the authors seek to determine the role of science diplomacy in the implementation of the current foreign policy tasks of the Russian Federation. According to the results of interviews with S.V. Garmonin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation in the Swiss Confederation, and A.B. Dorovskikh, Consul General of Russia in Geneva, the basic principles of the practical filling of the “science diplomacy” concept in the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are formulated. Results. The authors come to the conclusion about the consistent improvement of the forms and methods of implementing the scientific direction of Russian diplomacy. At the same time, against the background of a deterioration of the international environment and the politicisation of many areas of international cooperation by the countries of the collective West, there exists the task of further improving the effectiveness of the activities of Russian diplomatic structures to defend the scientific and technological sovereignty of the country. Authors’ contribution. E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Introduction” and “Results,” participated together with V.D. Olshanskaya in writing the section “Materials and Methods,” and prepared the final scientific edition of the text of the work. I.V. Kuznetsov developed the concept of the article and the questionnaire for the interview. V.D. Olshanskaya and E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Analysis” and “Materials and Methods” and also acted as an interviewer.

Towards a constitutional sociology of property rights:

The article examines the emergence of modern social structures of property rights and their constitutional implications during the formation of world society. While European history has addressed this topic regionally, the process of modernization in colonial and postcolonial contexts, along with its global connections, remains underexplored. This work combines theoretical reflections from the literature on the sociology of constitutions with historiographical research on the formation of modern property rights in Europe and its colonies. It argues that the property structure of colonial Brazil is decisive for social cleavages and the social reproduction of exclusion in the later period. Due to the role land played in the constitution of power and privileges in the colonial times, postcolonial elites remain tied to the land. This results in no considerable and powerful sectors within postcolonial elites, unlike the Central and Northern European context, being interested (and strong enough) to break with the exclusionary social hierarchies inherited from the old regime. The old elite tied to land was also the new elite of independent Brazil.

ABOUT THE UNIFICATION PROBLEM GRAMMATICAL TERMS IN THE KAZAKH AND TURKISH LANGUAGES

In the context of the modern process of globalization, the intensification of scientific, technical, economic, political, cultural, literary, and linguistic ties between states indicates that an increasing number of new words have entered the language and have become an urgent problem of the system of formation of new words in terminology. In order to determine the manifestation of the modern system of terminology formation in the Turkic languages, a comparative study was conducted on the example of grammatical terms of the Kazakh and Turkish languages, similarities and differences in the grammar of the two languages were revealed, prerequisites for the possibility of unification of grammatical terms formed at the stage of global development were created. To achieve this goal, the article characterizes the stages of the formation of the grammatical sphere in the Kazakh and Turkish languages, reviews scientific conclusions in the field of grammar of two languages and the works of the founding scientists of linguistics. In the course of the study, terms from grammar textbooks in two languages were generalized, their structural specificity, terminological sphere, from which language they entered in the presence of a borrowed term were analyzed. Similarities and differences in the sound, root form of grammatical terms grouped from two languages were presented in the comparative table. According to the results of the study, it was found that the grammatical terms of the Kazakh language have been finally formed, and in the Turkish language grammatical terms still have a variety. The results of the research of the article acquire great practical importance in the unification of grammatical terms in grammar textbooks used in teaching Kazakh and Turkish.