Modernization Process Research Articles

A Comparative Study on the VR Experience of Students in a Digital Documentary Game

VR technologies, which are used in many fields today, have also started to be used in education through the game platforms with the realistic and interactive environments they provide. The 'Following the Traces of Sedad Hakkı Eldem in Istanbul project, developed within the scope of a scientific project jointly carried out by the Architecture and Digital Game Design Departments at the host university, is an architecture-themed documentary game designed for educational purposes. Within the game's scope, three different projects of architect Sedad Hakkı Eldem, whose name is frequently mentioned in the history of the Early Republic period and in the modernization processes, were selected. The game's scenario was developed to perceive these architectural spaces by experience. However, this experience may vary according to the different department users due to their focal points and educational structures. According to this, this study conducted a research with the students at the host university to see how this documentary game was perceived and evaluated by students from two different departments. In order to conduct a comparative research, a questionnaire was directed to the students after their game experience. Especially the results of the third part proved the differences in the students' perceptions of different departments. On the other hand, although students from these two departments revealed some differences in their focus and approach to evaluating the game, the results also showed that the game provided an overall beneficial educational experience.

Morality, democracy, globalization, and law

The article reveals the interrelationship of such modern megatrends as globalization and democracy, which are declared a blessing in creating special opportunities for each country, social community, and individual. Globalization was initially understood as an exclusively economic phenomenon, today it covers almost all spheres of human activity, today it can be considered as multiple processes and trends in the formation of a single planetary space, which involves the integration of states and their populations in all spheres of social life (economy, public administration, politics, culture, law, morality). It is shown that globalization as "Westernization" in its modern version contributes to the spread of democratic values and institutions, prompts changes in the value-normative systems of societies and worldviews, and significantly impacts the norms of social morality and law. The features of modern globalization processes are determined by the rapid development and availability of IT technologies for the population, the mobility of modern people, and the formation of new values in postmodern society, which are associated with societal changes.
 The article proves that globalization and all the processes accompanying it can take place only in those societies that strive for it themselves. The artificial planting of democratic values, and moral and legal standards is possible under constant external support, their actual perception and implementation in life takes place with the support of the population and the authorities of each state. The bipolarity of the modern world is represented by states that accept globalization-democratic values and states that defend their own identity and traditionality. Therefore, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of modern worldview orientations of each actor (state, society) and the voluntariness of participants in globalization processes regarding the creation of supra-state structures, as well as the voluntary adoption of norms and standards in the regulation of social life.

Regulamentele și alte acte normative ale municipalității bucureștene referitoare la piețe și hale (1870–1914)

Since 1864, cities have played an increasingly important role in creating the norms and rules that governed human life, from economic activity to leisure. These rules had a very important role in the modernization process, contributing substantially to changing behaviours and practices, creating professional bodies, and adopting Western models. However, in Romanian historiography, this phenomenon is far from receiving the attention it deserves. Our paper aims to analyse the regulations, ordinances, and decisions issued by the Bucharest City Hall, regarding trade carried out in market halls, markets, in various places on the city streets, or by peddlers. Markets and market halls were, in the City Hall's conception, not just places intended for the trade of food and various other goods. They were supposed to be fundamental tools through which the municipality ensured that the citizens of Bucharest had access to safe food – from a hygienic and sanitary point of view – and that the numerous diseases transmitted through food had as few consequences as possible on the health of the capital's inhabitants. To attain this aim, the mayor, the Municipal Council, and the Hygiene Council elaborated and enacted numerous rules, which, under the combined pressure of the city's development, advances in the medical, chemical, and biological sciences, not least the professionalization of the municipal administration, experienced a rapid evolution during the chronologic span discussed. At the same time, the City Hall invested in the creation of an infrastructure that would allow the application of these measures (market halls and market, abattoir, laboratory for chemical and bacteriological analysis, etc.), and a body of officials that would ensure their compliance.

Două planuri necunoscute ale Craiovei din a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea – jumătatea secolului al XIX-lea

In this study, we publish two plans of Craiova, discovered at the Military-Historical Archive of Moscow: a plan made during the occupation of Wallachia in 1771–1774 and another made either during the occupation after the 1848 revolution (1848–1851) or during the first year of the Crimean War (August 1853 – April 1854). Both plans support the idea that the town underwent organic development, which took into account the local landforms and the way man intervened. Its location in the Jiu Valley played a significant role in the emergence and evolution of this centre, as the course of the river was accompanied by an important road, Craiova being at the intersection with other major traffic routes of this region of the country. The valleys bordering the urban core had the role of delimiting the original inhabited area and the position of the “Bănia” area, with the church of St. Dumitru, as a strategic area and centre of power, on the edge of the coast overlooking the valley towards the west, is evident. Separately, across another small valley, the heart of the town developed, the market, the area with the best economic outlook, not coincidentally located at the crossroads of the main east-west and south-north axes. The medieval town evolved around these two cores, but development and population growth meant the valleys bordering it were overtaken by the 18th century. How the streets converged in the town underlines the idea of gradual growth, and the concentration of roads around the focal point that was the town market marked the layout of Craiova. Human intervention up to the 1830s and 1840s took place not only through the building of dwelling houses, shops and workshops but also through the construction of major landmarks represented by churches and monasteries, around which the neighbourhood (mahala) gravitated. Once the process of modernization began, the anthropic footprint became even more important through the extensive building actions initiated after the Organic Regulation, some of which are visible in the second plan studied. Unfortunately, we could not identify the plan’s authors among the Russian army surveyors of those periods. The two cartographic documents contribute to a better knowledge of Craiova in the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the following century, adding to the already known plans (the Austrian plan of 1790 and the Romanian one of 1845).

A Study on the Changes of Gender Morality in China: Centered on the Male Experience in the "Love Letter" Incident (1900-1930)

In the 20th century, China was an era of significant social changes, experiencing the impact of abolishing old and establishing new in politics, economy, culture, and other aspects. In terms of sexual morality, traditional sexual morality was criticized by Chinese youth and intellectuals, while new sexual morality was disseminated among young people. The love letter incident that occurred in such a social context is a representative event of young men and women actively breaking traditional sexual morality and constructing new sexual morality. This article takes two love letter events that occurred in China in the early 20th century and the 1920s as research objects, focusing on the experiences of young men in the love letter events. Using the method of seeking differences, it first clarifies the thoughts and expressions of young men on the issue of love in the love letter text. Secondly, it analyzes the views and debates of public power and social elites on the events in the love letter events, thereby revealing the end of the old sexual morality and the development of new sexual morality in modern China. In the two love letter events, the content of the young man's love letters both demonstrated his longing for new sexual morality. Qu Jiang faced criticism, while Qiu Gongyi received sympathy. The different experiences of the male protagonist in the two love letter events reflect the progress of China's modernization process in terms of neutral moral concepts.

Ways to develop education to support the digital economy

Relevance. The processes of globalization and modernization emphasize the need to use modern technologies in all sectors of the state, including the economic sector. The digital economy is a concept that can increase labour productivity and influence the development of the state, which requires its improvement at all levels and preparation of future specialists to interact with it. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the directions of changes in the training of future specialists for the development of the digital economy. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the methods of comparison, generalization, and the interview method were used. Results. The study conducted among 120 students and 80 teachers of higher education institutions in Kosovo and North Macedonia revealed several key findings. Approximately 51% of students assessed their preparation for interacting with the digital economy as poor, and 49% were not ready for its development. Both students (96%) and teachers (95%) expressed significant concerns about the security and confidentiality of data within the digital economy. Conclusions. The study highlights the need for enhanced security measures in the digital economy to address concerns about data privacy. It also emphasizes the importance of modernizing educational programs, fostering interactions between educational institutions and enterprises, and creating special courses to better prepare students for the digital economy. These initiatives will support the development of the digital economy and equip future specialists with the necessary skills and knowledge. Keywords: educational process; modern technologies; innovations; Internet platforms; globalization; digitalization

Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977

Abstract. The Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument onboard the NIMBUS 5 satellite was a one-channel microwave radiometer that measured the 19.35 GHz horizontally polarized brightness temperature (TB) from 11 December 1972 to 16 May 1977. The original tape archive data in swath projection have recently been made available online by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Even though the ESMR was a predecessor of modern multi-frequency radiometers, there are still parts of modern processing methodologies which can be applied to the data to derive the sea ice extent globally. Here, we have reprocessed the entire dataset using a modern processing methodology that includes the implementation of pre-processing filtering, dynamical tie points, and a radiative transfer model (RTM) together with numerical weather prediction (NWP) for atmospheric correction. We present the one-channel sea ice concentration (SIC) algorithm and the model for computing temporally and spatially varying SIC uncertainty estimates. Post-processing steps include resampling to daily grids, land-spillover correction, the application of climatological masks, the setting of processing flags, and the estimation of sea ice extent, monthly means, and trends. This sea ice dataset derived from the NIMBUS 5 ESMR extends the sea ice record with an important reference from the mid-1970s. To make it easier to perform a consistent analysis of sea ice development over time, the same grid and land mask as used for EUMETSAT's OSI-SAF SMMR-based sea-ice climate data record (CDR) were used for our ESMR dataset. SIC uncertainties were included to further ease comparison to other datasets and time periods. We find that our sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic in the 1970s is generally higher than those available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), which were derived from the same ESMR dataset, with mean differences of 240 000 and 590 000 km2, respectively. When comparing monthly sea ice extents, the largest differences reach up to 2 million km2. Such large differences cannot be explained by the different grids and land masks of the datasets alone and must therefore also result from the differences in data filtering and algorithms, such as the dynamical tie points and atmospheric correction. The new ESMR SIC dataset has been released as part of the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) program and is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5285/34a15b96f1134d9e95b9e486d74e49cf (Tonboe et al., 2023).

Studying on improving sewing process of the back pocket, the waistband of the basic Jeans

Based on the codes of the MTM time measurement method and the GSD predictability time system, the study also gave some codes to build the time standard for assembling the back pocket and the waistband according to the traditional sewing processes (TSP). Then, combined with information about modern sewing equipment and time study, the research came up with several modern sewing processes (MSP) to replace TSP. The research results showed that when processing the back pocket using the back pocket hemming machine and the automatic back pocket setter machine, the ironing stage was eliminated, time-saving up to 73.5% and decreased to 66.66% of the number of operations compared to TSP; using the Kansai waistband sewing machine in combination with the folder saved time up to 65.15%; using the belt loop attaching machine saved time up to 66.7%; using the programming machine (to attach the leather label to Jeans) saved time up to 22.7% compared to TSP.

Services Marketing: An Innovative Approach

This scientific article highlights the peculiarities and modern problems of service marketing. In modern global economic processes, directions for using the SERVQUAL model, which expresses the customer’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the quality of service in the process of service consumption, and the gaps of this model have been studied. In addition, directions for using the “7P” model to modernize service marketing have been studied.

Strategies for the Preservation of Historic Areas within Existing Middle Eastern Cities: The Case of Historic Jeddah

During the recent founding of Saudi Arabia in 1932, there was no interest in the urban and architectural heritage that Jeddah possesses. As a result, historic Jeddah was exposed to many problems similar to many historical Middle Eastern cities. For example, the historic city wall and many heritage buildings were demolished. With the economic recovery during the 1970s, the original dwellers abandoned the city altogether. They were soon replaced by a class of ex-patriate workers who would inhabit the area, and the city’s distinct heritage fell into neglect. At the beginning of the 1980s, attempts to preserve that area began with the expert Robert Matthew, who studied the remaining historical buildings and proposed strategies for preservation that were based on three main directions: restoration, replacement, or new construction. The issuance of “Saudi’s 2030 vision” included programs to develop Saudi cities, including Jeddah. This program includes the removal of unplanned and slum areas around historic Jeddah without developing a clear master plan for what will replace them. In addition, it includes the complete expropriation of historic Jeddah, without announcing a specific plan for what the area will be used for. Therefore, this study seeks to review current preservation strategies, with the aim of reaching results related to the challenges facing the area; demonstrating the effectiveness of the preservation strategies used; and deducing what could contribute in the future to the development, preservation, and optimal exploitation of the area, without losing its value as a result of the modernization processes currently taking place.

Review of the application of the most current sophisticated image processing methods for the skin cancer diagnostics purposes.

This paper presents the most current and innovative solutions applying modern digital image processing methods for the purpose of skin cancer diagnostics. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancers. It is said that in the USA only, one in five people will develop skin cancer and this trend is constantly increasing. Implementation of new, non-invasive methods plays a crucial role in both identification and prevention of skin cancer occurrence. Early diagnosis and treatment are needed in order to decrease the number of deaths due to this disease. This paper also contains some information regarding the most common skin cancer types, mortality and epidemiological data for Poland, Europe, Canada and the USA. It also covers the most efficient and modern image recognition methods based on the artificial intelligence applied currently for diagnostics purposes. In this work, both professional, sophisticated as well as inexpensive solutions were presented. This paper is a review paper and covers the period of 2017 and 2022 when it comes to solutions and statistics. The authors decided to focus on the latest data, mostly due to the rapid technology development and increased number of new methods, which positively affects diagnosis and prognosis.

Ensuring sustainable development by prioritizing national economic interests

Aim. To develop recommendations on the formation of a national model of sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the identification of its key vectors, components in the conditions of external and internal shocks and changes caused by the transformation of strategic guidelines for sustainable development.Objectives. To analyze the peculiarities of the implementation of the global concept of sustainable development of the United Nations (UN) under the influence of deglobalization processes; to substantiate the need to transform the established foundations of sustainable development of economic systems in order to ensure the national economic interests of Russia; to propose the author’s approach to the formation of the structure and content of the national model of sustainable development of economic systems; to build a scheme of interaction between different levels of the economic system, ensuring the development of the national model of sustainable development of economic systems.Methods. In the course of the research we applied general scientific methods and techniques: analysis and synthesis, generalization of practical experience, expert assessments, comparison, abstraction and concretization, monitoring, modeling.Results. Based on the analysis of modern processes of deglobalization, the necessity of changing the structure and content of the concept of sustainable development of the Russian economy in the conditions of external shocks caused by the transformation of the global agenda of sustainable development was substantiated. The author’s approach to the formation of the structure and content of the national model of sustainable development of economic systems is proposed, which supplements the current triad of sustainable development (economy, ecology and social sphere) with innovation and institutional components and is scalable to the meso(regions) and micro-level (enterprises). The structure of the model sets socio-economic security, innovation security and the quality of the institutional environment in the conditions of external and internal shocks as controllable parameters, focusing on the creation of conditions for convergent convergence of meso-level systems. The scheme of organization of interaction between macro-, mesoand microlevels of the economic system is constructed, in which at the macrolevel the foundations of sustainable development of the country’s economy on the basis of national interests are set, management and control of mechanisms of sustainable development of economic systems of other levels are organized, and at the mesolevel the multiplier effect is provided for in the implementation of economic mechanisms of interaction of all elements of the regional ecosystem; the key task of the microlevel is the implementation of effective management of the regional ecosystem.Conclusions. Sustainable development of the Russian economy in the current conditions of global challenges is a complex task, the solution of which requires a systemic and holistic approach based on the prioritization of national economic interests. The proposed model, which determines the general guidelines at the macro level, suggests the organization of interaction of all three levels of the economy (macro-, mesoand micro-) with the provision of multiplier effect at the meso level, which requires the elaboration of adaptation mechanisms to the conditions of regional ecosystems and the specifics of business entities, suggests the continuation of the study.

Social policies and the life course – a complex relationship re-visited

Abstract Social policies structure individual life courses, cushion individual life course risks, and provide normative orientation. The paper brings together literature from life course sociology and welfare state research in order to provide an updated systematisation of the relationship between individual life courses and social policies. The modern life course regime and its welfare regulation are described as centred around individual actors, and as part and parcel of modernisation processes and the institutional arrangement mediating between the modern (democratic) state and the capitalist economy. Furthermore, the paper discusses these structural roots of life course policies, their resulting characteristics and their normativity. Key aspects in this are individualisation and its limits, the multilevel implementation of social policies and their life course effects with regard to inequalities.

Jewish Women in Ottoman Education and the Activities of the Alliance Israélite Universelle: The Case of İstanbul (1839-1916)

Throughout history, education and training activities have not only contributed to the culturalization processes of societies but have also been instrumental for them to gain a sense of community, to keep up with the times, and to simply exist. The development of these activities is greatly influenced by the times in which they occur. The modernization phase experienced throughout the world in the 19th century also had an impact on educational activities, which is an important factor in political, economic, military, and social existence. Thus, the aim, scope and structure of education have changed, bringing the traditional system to a new and modern level. The Ottoman State was one of the countries where this transformation was intensively experienced. The legal and legislative developments of the 19th century not only served as the lawful ground for the country's modernization process, but also constituted the legal basis for modern education and training. Following these developments, the transformation in the field of education took place on a legal ground and was encouraged. In this context, the educational activities of the Ottoman Jewish community also underwent a shift. In the past, community schools, which developed around religion and ensured the religious and cultural continuity of Jews for centuries, were operating as a part of the religious institutions and under the control of the religious authorities. In this system, Jewish women had no place in education, and they mainly received religious instructions and skill-based trainings in their homes. This paper investigates in the light of documents the change in this mentality as well as the educational contributions of the Jewish communities' working women in Istanbul and their areas of activity, the degree of effectiveness of the Chief Rabbinate, which had the say over the understanding of traditional education, with the Ottoman modernization, and the support of the Alliance Israélite Universelle to the women educators and the schools. In conclusion, it has been determined that most of the educational institutions for Jewish girls in Istanbul belonged to and survived with the support of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, and that willing Jewish women prepared Jewish girls for the socio-economic aspect of life, made them an active part of the modern society, taught them Ottoman Turkish as well as other foreign languages, and integrated them, again in accordance with the Alliance's wishes, into the French culture.

Innovation Analysis of Scene Fusion-driven Live Marketing for Agricultural Products

With the development of the economy and society, the process of agricultural modernization in our country is constantly advancing, and agricultural product consumption also presents the momentum of rapid development. In recent years, the live-streaming e-commerce industry has developed rapidly, becoming an important driving force for economic recovery. As a new marketing method, live streaming e-commerce can not only play a positive role in promoting the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture but also provide an important driving force for the development of the rural economy, live streaming to help agriculture will also become a new trend of live streaming of e-commerce. This paper selects the case of "East Buy" as the research object, based on the relevant theories of scene marketing, discusses the innovation points of agricultural products live broadcast service scene and puts forward feasible marketing strategies for the sustainable development of online live broadcast with goods.

Metal Oxide-Based Sensors for Ecological Monitoring: Progress and Perspectives

This paper aims to provide a large coverage of recent developments regarding environmental monitoring using metal oxide-based sensors. Particular attention is given to the detection of gases such as H2, COx, SOx, NOx, and CH4. The developments and analyses of the design of sensors and types of metal oxide sensing materials are emphasized. The sensing mechanisms and peculiarities of metal oxides used in chemoresistive sensors are provided. The main parameters that affect the sensitivity and selectivity of metal oxide sensors are indicated and their significance to the sensor signal is analyzed. Modern data processing algorithms, employed to optimize the measurement process and processing of the sensor signal, are considered. The existing sensor arrays/e-nose systems for environmental monitoring are summarized, and future prospects and challenges encountered with metal oxide-based sensor arrays are highlighted.

Сущность формативного оценивания как дидактического концепта высшего образования

The purpose of the research is to reveal the didactic essence of formative assessment in the context of its conceptualization in the university pedagogical process. The article refers to the problem of improving the pedagogical process through the use of educational technologies of formative assessment. The study attempts to trace the evolution of the formation of the concept of formative assessment in Russian and foreign pedagogy, to identify its essence and content, to characterize formative assessment in the modern educational process of the university as a pedagogical phenomenon that contributes to improving the quality of learning. As a result, the researchers clarified the essence of the concept “formative assessment” and defined it on the basis of the conducted comprehensive analysis of the genesis of its conceptualization in global pedagogical science. The novelty of the proposed research lies in the presented characteristic of formative assessment in a modern pedagogical process of higher education institutions, revealing its essence through didactic functions and strategic principles. The paper concludes by highlighting the didactic potential of formative assessment, focusing on its essential characteristic as a regulator of educational activity, which provides the continuous development and adaptation of the pedagogical process to the individual abilities and learning needs of students in order to improve the quality of education. The practical advantage of the paper is that it proposes tactics and strategies for the implementation of formative assessment technologies in the university educational process.

An Evaluation System of the Modernization Level of Irrigation Districts with an Analysis of Obstacle Factors: A Case Study for North China

Irrigation districts are a pivotal infrastructure of agricultural water conservancy engineering. Implementing modernization will be the main task of large-scale irrigation districts for a considerable amount of time in the future. In this study, four typical large-scale irrigation districts in North China were investigated: the Renmin Shengliqu, Weishan, Shijin, and Zuncun irrigation districts. The concept of a modern irrigation district was deconstructed to establish an evaluation index system which includes four second-level indicators, twelve third-level indicators, and thirty fourth-level indicators. A hybrid approach based on AHP and OWA was used to quantify indicator weights used in group decision making. TOPSIS was introduced to measure the modernization level of the four irrigation districts. An obstacle factor diagnosis model was applied to search for key obstacle factors that will affect the modernization and improvement of the irrigation districts. The results showed that (1) the modernization levels of the Renmin Shengliqu, Weishan, Shijin, and Zuncun irrigation districts in 2020 and 2025 were 0.3916 and 0.5755, 0.3748 and 0.5396, 0.4493 and 0.6012, and 0.2343 and 0.6166, respectively. The evaluation results indicate that the four irrigation districts are still in the beginning phase (or even preparation phase) of the modernization process. (2) Eight indicators were identified as the main common obstacle factors for the four evaluated irrigation districts, including the irrigation water-use efficiency factor, the coverage proportion of information technology, the proportion of efficient water conservation irrigation areas, and so on. (3) There are two effective methods to enhance the modernization level of the four irrigation districts: improving water resource utilization efficiency and strengthening the management system with an emphasis on informatization. The present study can enrich the theoretical evaluation of irrigation districts and provide a scientific basis for the modernized construction and management of irrigation districts in China.

Conservation Humanities and Multispecies Justice

This article argues that biodiversity conservation is primarily a social and cultural issue and only secondarily a scientific one. It explains the proxy logic of narratives about endangered species, which typically serve as proxies for community identities and the changes communities have undergone through processes of modernization and colonization. Polar bears, whose endangerment is interpreted differently by North American and European audiences, on the one hand, and by Inuit communities, on the other, serve as an example of how endangered species narratives not only involve culture but also, more specifically, issues of multispecies justice. Conservation humanities needs to engage with the two central problems that multispecies justice has identified and grappled with: conflicts between the interests of disadvantaged human communities and nonhuman species and conflicts and trade-offs between the interests of different nonhuman species. The essay argues that adopting the framework of “multispecies justice” rather than “conservation” will help to overcome some of the impasses of interdisciplinary collaboration in environmental studies in the past.

Sociological analysis of barriers to effective social HIV prevention in the Volgograd region

The relevance of the issues under consideration is determined by the specificity of HIV infection, which is both a consequence and a cause of social deprivation, psychosocial crisis situations and social tension. In this regard, the aim of our study is to identify the level of awareness of citizens about HIV infection, diagnostic possibilities and measures of personal prevention before and after a comprehensive systematic application of medical and social work technologies in the framework of primary prevention. The object of the study is modern processes in society in relation to medical and social prevention of HIV infection. The subject of the study is the level of awareness of young people about HIV infection within the framework of using the best medical and social practices in HIV prevention. The author examines in detail the social effect of activities of various formats necessary to increase the level of medical and social literacy of both HIV-negative and HIV-positive people. In the process of research, general scientific (analysis, review of domestic and foreign professional literature) and special-scientific research methods were used: questionnaire survey (young people); method of focused interview and expert assessments of specialists dealing with HIV/AIDS (doctors, psychologists, peer counselors, social work specialists). The questions were related to the effectiveness of established medical and social methods (technologies) of HIV prevention. Comprehensive medical and social work, consisting in identifying gaps in medical and social literacy, conducting prevention activities with the target audience, assessing the expert opinion of specialists involved in HIV prevention, and proposing recommendations based on the results of the study, allowed to identify a number of social barriers that hinder effective medical and social prevention of HIV infection to determine the vectors for the development of new forms and technologies in the field of HIV prevention.