Process Research Articles

Compounding Effects of Aging and Sex on Cerebrovascular Endothelial Mitochondria

Despite the increasing burden of age-related neurological diseases such as vascular cognitive impairment and dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies are not clear. Nonetheless, structural and functional changes in the microvasculature represent probable pathological aspects of these age-associated diseases. The silent and cumulative changes in endothelial mitochondria with subsequently compromised cerebral vascular function are thought to play a central role in neurological disease development. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial morphological changes in endothelial cells facilitate the distinct aging- and sex-related differences in the cerebral microvascular proteome and energetics. Mito-dendra2 (mt-D2) labeled endothelial mitochondria were imaged in vivo via a cranial window using two-photon microscopy at 875 nm in young and old, male and female, mito-Dendra2 mice (YM, YF, OM, and OF, respectively). Mt-D2 associated signal was analyzed in 3D stacks using the Huygens Pro CE 23.04.0p3 object analyzer (160 images, originated from 4-5 mt-D2 mice/groups). We also measured mRNA copy numbers of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes in isolated, cortical microvessels (<70 μm) from YM, YF, OM, and OF C57Bl/6J mice (n=7-11/age/sex) using ddPCR. Kruskal-Wallis test with Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc comparisons were used to compare mt-D2 signal among YM, YF, OM, and OF, whereas Mann-Whitney U test determined changes across age and sex strata. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. mRNA copy numbers were normalized to housekeeping genes (GAPDH, β-actin, and HPRT-1) and compared with one-way ANOVA based on data distribution. Analysis of four object parameters revealed that object surface was smaller in old vs. young that was significant in YM vs. OM. We found significantly greater corrected lateral width in OM vs. YM, OF vs. YF, and in YF vs. YM. The lateral aspect ratio was significantly greater in YM vs. OM, in YF vs. OF, as well as in YM vs. YF. Accordingly, the axial sphericity of the principal box was significantly greater in OM vs. YM, in OF vs. YF, and in YF vs. YM. Normalized mRNA copy numbers of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes were not statistically different in our samples for DRP-1, Fis-1 or Mfn-1/2, Opa-1, respectively. These results suggest that aging driven morphological differences, such as the shortening of endothelial mt-D2 signal are, at least in part, facilitated by altered fission/fusion protein abundances and/or activity rather than transcriptional changes in our samples. Although we are still analyzing other morphological parameters, by assessing the effect sizes and their physiological relevance, we postulate that these morphological differences contribute to the vulnerability of the aged cerebral microvasculature to injury. AG083567, 3P30GM145498-01, U54GM104940, HL148836. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Numerical modelling of ozonation process with respect to bromate formation. Part I – Model development

Numerical modelling of ozonation process with respect to bromate formation. Part I – Model development

Intensification of beech wood drying process using microwaves

Intensification of beech wood drying process using microwaves

Selected problems in the process of transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct into ownership title to real properties

Selected problems in the process of transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct into ownership title to real properties

Design of symmetric supercapacitor from biowaste derived carbon for flashlight applications with superior cycle’s stability

Extraction of biodiesel from Pongamia pinnata seeds is a vital “Green” synthesis process which is reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly. The cake obtained during this process is generally utilized as a fertilizer and rich in carbon & nitrogen content. In the present work, initially the material was subjected to carbonization process (PC) was activated with three different porogens such as KOH, KCl, K2HPO4 (K+ as common ion) and labeled as PC-1, PC-2 & PC-3 respectively. The physico-chemical properties of all the carbon materials were investigated by various analytical techniques such as Powder X-Ray diffraction (P-XRD), Brunner Emmett Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM-SAED), & Raman spectroscopy. PC-1 exhibited better electrochemical performance than the other activated carbons (ACs) & PC with specific capacitance (Cs) of 253F/g at 2.5 A/g, retained 75% Cs at the end of 10,000th cycle and 100% coulombic efficiency in 1 M KOH solution. The symmetric supercapacitor coin cell (SSC) using PC-1 (1 M KOH) exhibited a high Cs of 112F/g at scan rate of 2 mV/s, a maximum energy density (ED) of 38.6 Wh/kg and power density (PD) of 9 kW/kg. Interestingly, the coin cell demonstrated a total of 100 k cycles at high current density of 25 A/g with time gap of fifteen days for 50 k cycles. Six SSCs connected in series were successfully used to power up a flashlight with 15 white LED’s (each 4 V) connected in series for 3 min.

Correlating the Ambient Conditions and Performance Indicators of the LoRaWAN via Surrogate Gaussian Process-Based Bidirectional LSTM Stacked Autoencoder

LoRa’s biggest advantage is its flexibility, which is the ability to increase or decrease data rate and range while decreasing or increasing sensitivity. Whenever propagation conditions change frequently, this function allows the spreading factor to be modified accordingly. Despite their efficiency and scalability, adaptive data rate algorithms ignore and fail to factor in the complex correlation between ambient weather parameters influencing the communication channel desig n. In this research, a Bayesian surrogate Gaussian pr ocess based bidirectional LSTM stacked autoencoder model (BSGP BLSTMSAE) is proposed to estimate the channel perfor-mance indicators such as received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) and to determine the correlation between the ambient weather conditions and per-formance indicators for the LoRaWAN network. Bayesian op-timization algorithm has been used to optimize the hyper parameters of the developed model. A LoRaWAN experimental multivariate time series dataset has been used for the evalua-tion of the developed model, which upon testing and validation produces high accuracy in predicting the channel performance indicators and ambient conditions of the experimental Lo-RaWAN network. The mean absolu te error of the developed model was around 0.45. Thus, the proposed model can predict the link performance indicators and thereby assist in real time optimization of the transmission parameters to enhance the network performance in LoRaWAN based systems at different ambient conditions

El Abad del Monasterio de Poblet como Limosnero Real y su rendición de cuentas (S. XIV)

El artículo, una vez hecha una síntesis de las características del siglo XIV en la Corona de Aragón y Cataluña y de los acontecimientos históricos y económicos más relevantes, ofrece unas líneas sobre el monasterio de Poblet, su creación en 1150 a partir de los terrenos entregados por el conde de Barcelona, la evolución hasta llegar al siglo XIV, época en la que el rey Pedro el Ceremonioso instituye al limosnero real, que representa el núcleo central de nuestro estudio. A partir de unos manuscritos datados a finales del siglo XIV por el limosnero real y que son las anotaciones correspondientes a los movimientos de entrada y salida de las limosnas y de las Ordenanzas dictadas por el rey Pedro IV, tenemos conocimiento de las cantidades que éste disponía que debían ser entregadas en forma de dádivas a los beneficiarios de las mismas, así como sus destinatarios, que abarcan a casi todos los estamentos sociales, puesto que además de ser recibidas por los pobres menesterosos en auxilio de pitanza o de vestimenta, también son destinatarios los mo nasterios, los clérigos para recibir alimento tanto para el cuerpo como para la mente -formación-, las pecadoras para redimirse y los peregrinos, así como algún noble sobre el que pendiera la desgracia. Los documentos nos permiten conocer como se donaba la limosna real, las personas que intervenían (dos limosneros, dos monaguillos y un asistente o servidor), el lugar que ocupaban en la corte real -privilegios y obligaciones-, y lo que para nosotros ha sido más importante, los documentos que toda su administración conllevaba, así como conocer el proceso sobre el que se sustentaba la rendición de las cuentas de la limosna real, y como se produce un endurecimiento en el control de los registros a medida que nos acercamos a las postrimerías del siglo XIV.

Peculiarities of a Polygraph Examiner’s Report in a Criminal Case in Russia and the United States

From a legal standpoint, the pr ocess of investigating crimes and the order of proceedings in a criminal case differ in different countries. However, there are points of convergence where the differences in legal systems are not so important. In the modern world, Latin proverb Jura novit curia postulates that judges cannot and should not have knowledge from other sciences. Therefore, lawyers of all countries use the help of persons with special (non-legal) knowledge. In Russia, only an investigator or a judge can appoint an expert examination to obtain an expert opinion. An accused and defense attorneys (mostly professional lawyers) can get an expert opinion. The procedural statuses of a specialist and an expert under the Russian procedural law do not coincide. However, the reports they provide are formally equivalent and they both can be used as evidence in a legal case. Having no special knowledge, the judge evaluates the conclusions made by the specialist and the expert. The judge can regard one conclusion as a proof, can accept or reject them. The specialist and the expert are obliged to make conclusions based on the results of the study within their competence. Polygraph examiners in the United States and Russia address this issue in different ways due to different approaches to the development of theoretical and applied areas of scientific research.

데이터 보안의 함의(含意)와 입법방향에 관한 소고

In this article, data security is considered almost identical to cybers ecurity. The development of information and communication technolo gy contributed to the transition to an information society. However, t he protection of information security, privacy, and freedom of inform ation in cyberspace has become an important role for the nation. However, Korea does not have a legal system that governs data se curity in cyberspace yet. Therefore, it is impossible to systematically carry out risk management tasks for cyberspace. Against this backgr ound, the need to legislate the data security law is being raised. In this article, the author analyzed the implications of data securit y. And the data security laws of major countries were analyzed and compared with that of Korea. Through this process, implications we re drawn. The result is as follows. Firstly, an integrated data security law that encompasses the public and private sectors should be enact ed. Secondly, the data security law should include special provisions on the processing of personal information. Thirdly, cooperation with the international community should be strengthened. Fourthly, comm unication should be strengthened in the legislative process to reach a social consensus. In addition, the subject of political disputes in the legislative proc ess should be avoided. And the basic values of the constitution must be protected.

Año de incertidumbre para la aplicación de las investigaciones en el campo de la salud

Si bien es conocido que el proceso de la educación superior ha logrado avanzar de alguna manera a través de la virtualidad; en el campo de la investigación y principalmente en países como el nuestro, se han hecho difíciles los procesos sistemáticos de este tipo de actividades, sin que no pase por algunas normas estrictas de bioseguridad para la revisión de pacientes, conversaciones con grupos humanos, aplicaciones de instrumentos adecuados dirigidos a la experiencia de la constatación de diagnósticos situacionales, etc.
 En este sentido en la investigación aplicada a la clínica, los procedimientos sistemáticos se han reducido a las encuestas online, a la observación de pacientes por la virtualidad y a conversaciones telefónicas.

Analisis Kebutuhan Tenaga Rekam Medis dengan Metode Workload Indicator Staffing Need (WISN)

As the enacment of National Healt Coverage (JKN), certaintly the number of patients who seek treatment in hospitals has increase due to the patient no longer think about the cost of an expensive problem. The occurrence of the coopertion between the BPJS Paru Hospital Surabaya, certainly made a number of cisits increases it can be seen in the increase in the number of cisits the patient in Paru Hospitals Surabaya years 2014 to 2016. Calculatio of the new workforce needs in the unit procedures is indispensable in order to improve the quality of service. If the increasing number of visits certainly have an effect on basic tasks performed by officers of the procedures. Therefore required the calculation of labbor needs on the Unit Procedures Paru Hospital Surabaya. Type of this research is descriptive, by describing the calculation of labor needs medical record on the Unit Procedures tah the Paru Hospital Surabaya. Data collection methods used in this study. Interview Procedures and observations officer to find out the acerage time taken at each activity. From the results of research on workforce needs calculation Unit Procedures Paru Hospital Surabaya found to shift the morning amoun ted to 3 officers. Ther result is greater compared to the number of staff available at this time. If the number of officers alreay according to needs will facilitate the pro cess of service to patients and improven the quality of work.

Machine Learning-Based Modelling and Predictive Maintenance of Turning Operation under Cooling/Lubrication for Manufacturing Systems

Cutting force is one of the significant parameters in the metal cutting process. The metal cutting process is the primary in the production and manufacturing industry to produce high-quality products. Every production and manufacturing needs to develop a technology, i.e., a cooling or lubrication system at the cutting zone while doing the metal cutting process. This current work focuses on developing the machine learning algorithm by using three different types of regression processes, namely, polynomial regression process (PR), support vector regression (SVR), and gaussian process regression (GPR). These three processes are developed to predict the machine learning force, cutting power, and cutting pressure by controlling primary factors (cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate). The cooling or lubrication process also affects the machining process. We need to maintain the minimum qualifications to perform under minimum quality lubrication (MQL) and high-pressure coolant (HPC). The ANN algorithm was used to run different parameters, and these parameters are optimized for cutting force.

Reading and writing, a window to the universe of children

El proyecto de lectura y escritura en el preescolar constituye un ejercicio de investigación orientado a identificar el proceso pedagógico para conducir el aprestamiento a estas operaciones en niños de cuatro a seis años, que asisten a algunas instituciones educativas públicas y privadas del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Además de precisar la ruta pedagógica que más se acerca a las necesidades de la población, este proyecto busca proponer unas orientaciones básicas dirigidas a maestros sobre el aprestamiento al proceso de lectoescritura. La propuesta surge de inquietudes sentidas por los autores, después de realizar unos estudios de investigación que les permitieron conocer y comprender prácticas pedagógicas y necesidades educativas de la población infantil, y que necesariamente deben ser atendidas, para fortalecer los procesos propios del desarrollo de los niños antes de llevarlos a la lectura y escritura formal. Con el estudio investigativo se pudo establecer diferentes acciones que promueven el aprestamiento y por tanto conforman la ruta pedagógica: acciones del campo cognitivo; acciones del campo socioafectivo; acciones del campo comunicativo y, por último, acciones del campo psicomotor. El proyecto se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cualitativo, diseño de investigaciónacción. Consideramos que esta forma de indagación ha permitido acercarnos de una manera natural a los centros educativos y aulas de clase, y construir conocimiento situado mediante la práctica pedagógica analizada y reflexionada de manera permanente. Así mismo podemos concluir insistiendo en la necesidad de fortalecer los proyectos educativos institucionales de los centros escolares en cuanto a diseños curriculares activos, creativos, innovadores y lúdicos.

Development of a process for the operational design of individual mandibular implants in patients with cancer

Introduction. The evolution of rapid prototyping technologies, novel high-precision metalworking equipment, and prompt implementation of additive technologies into practice have significantly expanded the possibilities of producing new biomechanical structures. Therefore, the development of novel methods and approaches ensuring rapid and highly effective designing and manufacturing of individual implants is highly relevant. Objective – to develop a technology that allows rapid design and manufacturing of implants for maxillofacial surgery. Results. In this study, we analyzed the technology of rapid design and production of individual jaw implants based on computed tomography data, which reduced the duration of surgery by ~50 % (from 3–4 h to 2–2.5 h) and allowed one-stage surgery. We achieved high toughness of implants and excluded the risk of fatigue destruction of a biome chanical structure due to increased cyclic loads. Conclusion. Rapid production of individual jaw implants described in this article ensured high productivity of the pro cess of producing individual biomechanical structures and helped to restore the original contour of the patient’s face with significant lesions to the mandibular bone.

A framework for assessing the impact of health research from a broad population perspective

Abstract
 
 
 Background: research in the health sector is an activity associated with an uncertain return on investment. This study aims to outline a multidimensional framework for assessing the imact of research funded by public (or mixed public and private) sponsors. 
 Methods: a focus group representing different stakeholders was created to develop a sense of purpose that would be shared by the intended beneficiaries of the research assessment process, and others with a direct or indirect interest in a program’s implementation. 
 Results: a framework was designed that takes a holistic approach to the impact of research in which not only technical, but also economic, social and political dimensions are interrelated with the results achieved for the population and health services. 
 Conclusions: the framework reflected the views of different stakeholders, favoring the development of the positive, proactive relationships essential to orienting the process of transforming the evidence emerging from research into action for health. 

O impeachment no Estado democrático de direito brasileiro

Diante do processo que levou ao impeachment da Presidente Dilma Rousseff em 2016, foram suscitados debates acerca da natureza do juízo realizado pelo Senado Federal brasileiro nos crimes de responsabilidade, ficando nítida a necessidade de uma delimitação teórica acerca da espécie de julgamento levado a cabo, seja ele político, jurídico ou misto. Neste trabalho, pretende-se realizar, por meio da fenomenologia hermenêutica, uma análise crítica do processo histórico pelo qual o impeachment foi incorporado no país, bem como explorar as correntes que apontam a natureza do instituto no Brasil. Finalmente, tendo em vista o contexto político-institucional específico do Brasil, o presente artigo realiza um debate teórico a respeito do impeachment para que se encontre uma solução satisfatória aos parâmetros do Estado Democrático de Direito instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988.

Competição Interestatal, Componentes Críticos e Cadeias de Suprimentos

O presente artigo analisa as contradições da manutenção da ordem liberal em um cenário de retorno de competição entre grandes potências. Apesar da atual crise na ordem liberal, entende-se que tal crise seja acompanhada também de um movimento de mudanças materiais na estrutura sistêmica. Em termos materiais, a possibilidade do fim do comando dos comuns e da existência de zonas contestadas cede espaço ao retorno de esferas de influência, com implicações diretas para a ordem internacional. Neste sentido, analisa-se a relação entre mudanças na ordem liberal e o crescente processo de endogenização de componentes críticos e de cadeias de suprimentos globais por parte dos Estados Unidos e China, a partir de documentos oficiais, relatórios e aspectos empíricos. Em suma, a crise da ordem liberal é fruto de mudanças materiais do sistema internacional e as diferentes respostas de diferentes países frente ao aumento da competição interestatal terão efeitos duradouros na própria reordenação da ordem vindoura.

Surveillance system for Healthcare-associated endophthalmitis at state level in a middle-income country: preliminary results.

To describe the implementation pro cess and the preliminary results of a surveillance system for healthcare-associated endophthalmitis. This is a case study of the implementation of a surveillance system for healthcare-associated endophthalmitis. The system for healthcare-associated endophthalmitis is a structured system that enables surveillance of cases of healthcare-associated endophthalmitis after intraocular procedures, developed and coordinated by the Division of Hospital Infection at the State Health Department, São Paulo, Brazil. The implementation process included a pilot phase, followed by a scaling-up phase. Data were reported monthly to the Division of Hospital Infection by participating healthcare facilities that performed intraocular procedures in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to December 2019. Among the 1,483 eligible healthcare facilities, 175 engaged in the study (participation rate of 11.8%), reporting 222,728 intraocular procedures performed, of which 164,207 were cataract surgery and 58,521 were intravitreal injections. The overall incidence rate of endophthalmitis was reported to be 0.05% (n=105; 80 cases after cataract surgery and 25 cases after intravitreal injections). The incidence rates for healthcare facilities ranged from 0.02% to 4.55%. Most cases were caused by gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus spp. In 36 (46.2%) of the cases, there was no bacterial growth; no sample was collected in 28 (26.7%) cases. This system for healthcare-associated endophthalmitis enabled the identification of an outbreak of four cases of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections. The system for healthcare-associated endophthalmitis proved to be operationally viable and efficient for monitoring cases of endophthalmitis at the state level.

Matematik Öğrenme Güçlüğü Yaşayan Öğrencilere Yönelik Öğretimsel Müdahalelerin Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarılarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Giriş: Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler bilişsel anlamda hiç öğrenememekten ziyade yavaş ve farklı öğrenen öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin bireysel farklılıkları nedeniyle bu öğrencileri desteklemek amacıyla öğretimsel müdahaleler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için oluşturulan öğretimsel müdahalelerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisini inceleyen farklı türden birincil çalışmaları sentezleyerek, güncel ve ayrıntılı bir analiz çalışması yapmaktır.Yöntem: Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için oluşturulan öğretimsel müdahalelerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisinin incelendiği farklı türden birincil çalışmalar meta analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmalara ait etki büyüklük değerleri, heterojenlik testi, yayın yanlılığı ve ara değişken analizlerine ilişkin bilgiler, CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) istatistik programı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Yapılan meta analiz çalışmasıyla matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için hazırlanan müdahale programlarının öğrencilerin akademik başarı seviyelerinde geniş bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir (Hedge g = 0.764, %95 CI = 0.494 - 1.033). Ayrıca yapılan ara değişken analizlerinde etki büyüklük değerlerinin çalışma değişkenlerinden müdahale türü ve tanılama ölçütlerine göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı; öğrenme alanına, uygulama süresi ve öğretim düzeyine göre ise bir anlamlılık ifade etmediği belirlenmiştir.Tartışma: Araştırmaya dâhil edilen çalışmalardan elde edilen genel etki büyüklüğü (0.764), öğretimsel müdahalelerin matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin matematik performansı üzerinde genel anlamda olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin desteklenmesi amacıyla farklı öğretimsel müdahalelerin geliştirildiği görülmektedir. Geliştirilen öğretimsel müdahaleler, öğrencilere matematik öğretim sürecinde destek olmakla beraber matematik öğrenme güçlüğü üzerine farkındalık oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, daha fazla öğretimsel müdahale çalışmasına ihtiyaç olduğu ifade edilebilir.

The effectiveness of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic

This study aimed to obtain information about the effectiveness of the online learning process in the Covid-19 pandemic. The study uses explorative qualitative methods with an inductive approach. In this study, the respondents involved were five people from SDN 01 Sape Kabupaten Bima, consisting of 1 teacher, two student guardians, and two students. To maintain the confidentiality of respondents’ identities, researchers gave the names of respondents P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5. The interviews were conducted in a structured manner with questions compiled and linked and developed with related literature. Weak supervision of students, lack of signal strength in remote areas, and expensive quota fees are challenges in online learning. The results of this study are less effective online learning because of the lack of facilities and infrastructure and the unpreparedness of technological education.