Lifestyle Problems Research Articles

The Impact of Covid Pandemic on Trauma and Orthopedic Surgeons in Morocco

COVID-19 pandemic was a global health crisis without precedent, it had caused a severe human suffering. In this study we evaluated the impact of this pandemic on the quality of life of the trauma and orthopedic surgeons in Morocco. An anonym online questionnaire was sent, by e-mail, to the 645 surgeons’ members of the Moroccan society for orthopedic and trauma surgery. The questionnaire comprised 34 structured questions that inquired sociodemographic information and indicators of the quality of life of surgeons including: bad feeling, depression, anxiety, insomnia, bad diet, sedentary lifestyle, happy lessness and financial problems. SPSS 23 software was used to descriptive analysis of the data, and assessment of factors associated with bad quality of life of surgeons. The questionnaire was completed by 220 surgeons, for a mean response rate of 34%. The mean age of the respondents was 44±12 year, 45.4% were public, 12.3% military and 42.3% liberal. 78.2% of surgeons worked in the zone with high risk of epidemic. Sedentary lifestyle, anxiety, financial problems, bad diet, and insomnia were the main problems encountered respectively by 70.9%, 40.5%, 35%, 25% and 21.4% of surgeons. The juniors’ doctors were more exposed to the problems of sedentary lifestyle, bad diet and insomnia, than the seniors (p<0.05). The liberal doctors were more concerned by the financial problems (55.9%), than the public (21%) and military (14.8%) (p<0.001). Finaly, the trauma and orthopedic surgeons in Morocco didn’t escape to the bad effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hole humanity. Several measures are needed to decrease the impact of future pandemic.

Evaluation of Lifestyle for Women with Breast Cancer

Introduction: Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, affecting millions of women worldwide. While advancements in diagnosis and treatment have improved survival rates, the impact of this disease extends beyond physical health. It also significantly influences a woman's lifestyle and overall well-being. Objectives: The current study intends to analyze the lifestyle of breast cancer patients who are receiving therapy or are being followed up at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Method: The present study uses a descriptive design with an application of an evaluation approach. A convenience sample of 100 women with breast cancer was selected from the Teaching Oncology Hospital at the Medical City in Baghdad City, Iraq. The study's objectives are served by a questionnaire. Physical, role, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning are its five functional domains. These domains are evaluated as low, moderate and high. Each study participant received a questionnaire explaining how to complete it, along with a form requesting their approval to remain anonymous. They also had the opportunity to leave the study at any time without being provided an explanation. A panel of (10) experts determines the questionnaire's content validity, and its internal consistency reliability is calculated via the split-half method with a Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient of (r=0.92). Data are collected using the study questionnaire, and they are then analyzed via a descriptive statistical data analysis approach on the basis of frequency and percentage. Results: The study revealed that the majority of these women experienced sleep issues, but most of them experienced problems with body weight gain (70%), social and community activity (70%), sexuality (60%), stress (60%), diet (56%), physical activity (50%) and smoking (45%), and some of them took birth control pills and used hormone replacement therapy (43%). Conclusion: This study revealed that women with breast cancer have experienced a variety of lifestyle domain-associated problems. These problems are clearly manifested in the results of this study.

Aspects of β-sitosterol's Pharmacology, Nutrition and Analysis.

Phytosterols are bioactive substances found naturally in the cell membranes of plants and have an arrangement of molecules similar to that of fat, which is produced by mammalian cells. They are widely distributed as dietary sources of lipids in plants, such as nuts, seeds, olive oil, and legumes. This review provides a summary of the efficacy of BS in treating lifestyle problems, as well as an appraisal of previous research. Data was collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google scholar (1968 -2024) using standard keywords "β-sitosterol," "Classification," "Biosynthesis," "Pharmacokinetics," "Herbal nutraceutical," "Analytical," "Structure," "Pharmacological effect." A total of 222 studies were included in this review. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that BSs exhibit several biological properties such as calming and anxiolytic effects; narcotic and immune-stimulating effects; antibacterial, antineoplastic, inflammation-causing, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective effects; and antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and wound-healing effects in contrast to respiratory and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease illnesses. β-sitosterol is a promising natural substance for the management of cholesterol and inflammation. However, further studies are needed to understand its pharmacological consequences and determine its best use in clinical applications. β-Sitosterol, also known as "plant sterol ester," is often present in plants and has several applications, notably in medicine and the food industry. Experimental research on β-sitosterol provides unequivocal evidence that phytosterol can be supplemented with other methods to combat serious illnesses. Such a high potential identifies this substance as a noteworthy medication for the future based on its composition. Although β-sitosterol has anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties and is useful in human clinical trials for enlarged prostates, its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Dietary and lifestyle-related factors behind delayed conception in females.

Delayed conceiving is a failure of a female to attain clinical pregnancy within a year without the use of contraception or any precautionary measure. The females of reproductive age (20-49 years) are the sufferers, that is, about 1.5 million or 10% of couples globally are facing this issue. Delayed conception can be caused by several reasons including diet, lifestyle, and genetic and clinical problems. Deficiencies or overconsumption of any nutrient may also cause delayed conception in females. Dietary deficits such as iron, iodine, zinc, folate, and vitamin D reduce the ovarian reserve. Heavy metals such as copper, manganese, lead, and cadmium also have an impact on fertility. Overconsumption of fast foods and nonhome-made foods increases the likelihood of infertility by 2-3. Smoking, physical activity, age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and depression have all been considered lifestyle and clinical factors. If women have a sedentary lifestyle, too much exercise or obesity both contribute to infertility. In clinical factors, type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hypertension mainly cause infertility. Our focus in this review is on the studies probe that how these variables contributed to delayed conception and how it can be controlled to help combat infertility. Prevention from delayed conception involves consuming a healthy and balanced diet that contains essential nutrients engaging in physical activity and abstaining from smoking, PCOS, and medical issues.

Nutritional profile and physicochemical analysis of two indigenous cultivars of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds and oil in Bangladesh

The black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed oil has a long history of use for food ingredients. The goal of this study is to figure out the nutritional and physicochemical properties of two indigenous black cumin cultivars (locally known as "Kali Jira" and "Kalonji") seed and oil. Additionally, the effects of extraction time and particle size on oil yield generation was investigated. The values of moisture content, crude protein content, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, and carbohydrate of Kali Jira seed were 5.29%, 19.83%, 41.3%, 18.96%, 5.10%, and 9.52% whereas Kalonji had 5.43%, 19.95%, 40.3%, 14.28%, 4.35%, and 14.69%, respectively. In the Kali Jira and Kalonji types, the mineral analysis revealed significant potassium levels (829.11 mg/100 g, 746.27 mg/100 g), followed by phosphorus, calcium, sodium, iron and zinc. The minimum oil yield was 46.77% in the Kalonji variety compared to Kali Jira, which had 49.57% after the extraction time of 2 hrs for 1.4-2.5 mm particle size. On the other hand, a maximum oil yield of 91.08% and 94.77% was found in Kalonji seed and Kali Jira seed, respectively, following a 6-hour extraction time for 0.25-0.5 mm particle size. Characterization of extracted seed oil (iodine value, saponification value, and acid value) indicated the abundance of unsaturation in oil. FTIR analysis was used to investigate functional groups. According to the findings of this study, black cumin and extracted oil are rich in nutrients and can be used to treat lifestyle problems.

잠정조치 이행 여부에 따른 스토킹가해자의 특성에 대한 판결문 분석

This study sought to identify the characteristics of stalking perpetrators who violated interim measures. For this purpose, 453 stalking court decision cases during the last two years (2022-2023) were collected. In detail, the study analyzed the group differences of interim measure compliant vs. violating perpetrator group regarding the demographics of perpetrators and victims, criminal demographics of perpetrators, stalking crime characteristics and perpetrator risk factors coded according to the Stalking Risk Assessment Scale (K-SAS). The main findings are as follows. Competing crimes, criminal histories on the same or similar crimes were significantly higher among the interim measure violating perpetrator group. Stalking offense characteristics regarding self/other harm threats, persistent and severity of stalking and also offender risk factors including anger and hostility, pathological obsession or suspicion, antisocial lifestyle, one-sided thinking, and interpersonal problems were higher among them. Finally, same crime recidivism and one-sided thinking were variables that significantly explained the violation of interim measures. Based on the findings, suggestions were made on additional protective measures in light of interim measure violation and ways to protect victims as well as preventing recidivism.

Innovation To Change Student Behavior At School Has An Influence The Value Of The Traditional Game Philosophy Of Gobak Sodor

The very rapid development of technology causes problems with changes in societal conditions which include social, economic and lifestyle problems. Technological changes that are not balanced with good thinking and understanding will result in changes to the understanding of social interactions in the social environment. Situations like this will have an impact on children's behavior and even movement activities at school. Promiscuity and juvenile delinquency still occur very often in Indonesia. Playing is a form of experience that must be experienced, through playing activities children will create an experience that can help develop physically, emotionally and socially. Paying attention to this, it is very necessary to find innovation, so that students experience changes in behavior. In students, changes in technology and the rapid development of the times are one of the causes of changes in behavior and influence the philosophy in the game Gobak Sodor. The method used in the research is a descriptive qualitative method, analyzing facts regarding the existence of traditional games and the values in Gobak Sodor. The subjects in this research were physical education teachers in junior high schools states in Tuban regency. The results of the research explain that Gobag Sodor is a traditional game that can be a source of values that can shape student behavior, and a form of cultural values in society, as well as the learning process at school.

A Quandary Standpoint of Ayurveda on Diabetes with associated CVDs

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in persons with diabetes has a significant and growing impact on public health. Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type I or type II are highly susceptible to many heart conditions, including congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, cardiomyopathy, and coronary heart disease. Diabetes demands rigorous control of all cardiovascular risk factors due to its significant risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. According to estimates, the global population with diabetes will increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030, and the global population with hypertension will rise by 60% to reach 1.56 billion by 2025. 65–75% of deaths among diabetics are attributable to cardiovascular disease. The rationale is that cardiovascular illnesses and diabetes mellitus share a number of risk factors. The current medical system is effective in preventing infectious diseases, but it has not been effective in preventing diseases linked to a lifestyle by itself. Ayurvedic medicine is the best at managing and preventing lifestyle problems since it emphasizes a complete lifestyle adjustment for the patient. For those with diabetes and CVD, a special regimen of food (Aahar), exercise (Vihar), and herbs (Aushadhi) can help reduce symptoms and promote overall health. Reviewing the co-morbidity between diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha) and its related cardiovascular risks is the goal of this research work.

A comparative study of central corneal thickness in patients with diabetes and without diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming increasingly and seriously prevalent lifestyle health problem worldwide. Up to 70% of diabetic patients can develop corneal changes and are also difficult to manage. Several studies were done to find out the morphological changes in cornea in type 2 DM, but the results are highly variable. Central corneal thickness (CCT) is widely considered as a constant parameter, so are measured only once during follow up in our daily clinical practice. Here we study the effect of diabetes over CCT, for a better understanding of the impact of diabetes over CCT.A comparative observational study of one and half years done among 106 diabetes and 106 non diabetic patients between 35 to 75 years old, attending ophthalmology OPD. CCT of both eyes was measured and mean CCT and was compared between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, among different subgroups of diabetic subjects and other parameters.CCT was thicker among diabetic groups (553.4434um) than non-diabetic groups (549.8491) but was not statistically significant according to our study. But there was statistically significant (p value 0.000165) thickening with increasing grades of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (mild DR (535.4524), moderate DR (543) and PDR (591.5)). Our study concludes that DM is associated with thicker cornea; hence CCT values can vary with time in DM. So repeated CCT measurements for corrected IOP values is advised and warranted in DM patients for proper management of IOP.

A Study on Impact of Covid-19 on the Nutrition & Exercise Regime of Lifestyle Disorder Patients (Non-Communicable Disease)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered people's eating and activity habits all around the world. Lockdowns and social isolation policies have altered daily routines, changed people's levels of physical activity, and changed how they eat. The goal of this study is to comprehend how the pandemic has affected people with lifestyle problems, notably non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and their dietary and exercise habits. Objective: The goal of this study is to fill in the knowledge gaps regarding the effects of COVID-19 on people who have lifestyle disorders by studying the variations in exercise routines and the necessary nutrition intake during and after the lockdown. Methods: In order to gather information from people with NCDs, the study used a mixed-methods approach that combines a questionnaire survey and focused discussion. The findings highlight the pandemic's early collateral impacts, such as its detrimental effects on physical activity and dietary awareness. Results: The study offers insights into how people with lifestyle disorders alter their exercise regimens, exercise style, and adherence to nutritional diets. The findings show that the pandemic has driven people to change their workout routines, moving away from gyms and outside activities toward alternate at-home techniques. Conclusion: The study also emphasizes the difficulties people encountered in sticking to rigorous nutritional diets during the epidemic because of the restricted availability of fresh and nourishing foods. It further highlights the significance of consistent exercise and mindful eating for those with lifestyle disorders, particularly during times of crisis.

THE LEVEL OF MOTOR ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This study is aimed at studying the level of motor activity and determining the main types of additional physical education and sports activities of preschool children. A survey was conducted among parents, which helped to understand whether, currently, there is a problem of a sedentary lifestyle among the younger generation. In addition, it was determined whether preschoolers attend additional physical education classes and how children's leisure is organized outside of kindergarten, what types of activities the children are engaged in when at home. The survey was also aimed at identifying significant problems in the field of additional physical education services for preschool children.

Risk Factors and Complications among Overweight Adolescents (14-18 Years)

The nutrition-based disorder known as obesity and overweight is defined by the buildup of undesirable fat in the body. The risk of various ailments, such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, etc., is increased by this medical concern. An unhealthy lifestyle, excessive eating, screen time, genes, drugs, and other problems are some of the main causes of obesity. According to statistics on childhood obesity, there were 14.7 million children and adolescents who were obese in the year 2017 to 2020, with a prevalence of 19.7%. And 12.7% of children aged 2 to 5 years, 20.7% of children aged 6 to 11 years, and 22.2% of children aged 12 to 19 years were obese (Centers for Disease Control and prevention, 2022).

The Urgency of Karyotyping Examination in Male Infertility Patients with Primary Hypogonadism

Infertility is a failure to get pregnant after one year of sexual intercourse without using contraception. The causes of infertility, especially in men, are very complex, including the aging process, hormonal disorders, lifestyle, environment, metabolic disease, and genetic problems. One of the most difficult causes in male infertility is genetic problems. In this case, a 35 year old man was reported with primary infertility and often experienced premature ejaculation and even anejaculation. Previously, the patient had repeatedly consulted about his condition at other fertility service centers. The conclusion obtained was that the patient had azoospermia with bilateral varicoceles and had been given hormone therapy but had not yet found a final diagnosis so the patient was still confused about what had happened to him. At the first visit the patient underwent a sperm analysis and the results were azoospermia. Then, based on the results of the history and physical examination, which indicated hypogonadism, a Y chromosome microdeletion examination was carried out, and a deletion was found in the AZFc region, which is a marker of infertility that causes spermatogenic failure. The examination was continued with karyotyping, the result was 47.XXY, consistent with the condition of Klinefelter syndrome. Conclusion: Carry out a karyotyping examination if you find signs and symptoms that suggest primary hypogonadism in male infertility. This can be done to streamline the diagnostic approach time in patients with primary hypogonadism, especially those with infertility.

Galactose isomerization to tagatose over MgBr2 follows a temperature-dependent reaction rate kinetics as predicted by first principles-based theories

Tagatose, a classified low-calorie sugar, possesses anti-hyperglycaemic and prebiotic characteristics. Therefore, it is considered a potential food additive supplement (sweetener) for lifestyle health problems in humans. While many reports on its production via biological and chemical methods have been published, the thermodynamic behavior of its synthesis using galactose is rarely focused on. Herein, we report the MgBr2-mediated galactose interconversion to tagatose (single-step) and its kinetic mechanism. The oppositely charged counterions (Mg2+ and Br‒) can induce the reaction via different pathways in a parallel fashion, i.e., the Mg2+ behaving as a Lewis acid can enable via a 1,2-hydride shift pathway, whereas the Br‒ offering the Brønsted basic sites via a proton transfer pathway. This resulted in a tagatose production as high as 22% and 73% selectivity within 60 min at 120 °C in water. Furthermore, the reaction has yielded a single co-product formation (talose up to 7%). From the inverse-gated quantitative NMR analysis, the contribution of the counterions in the reaction is roughly 52%:48% by Mg2+:Br‒. The determination of the temperature-dependent reaction kinetics (elementary steps) was made by employing the first-principles-based theories (i.e., transition state-Eyring theory for the proton transfer pathway that involves no hydride shift and Marcus theory for the hydride shift pathway). The energy calculations of the pathways made via DFT modeling suggested the higher feasibility of a hydride shift mechanism of galactose to tagatose.

PENGALAMAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI : STUDI FENOMENOLOGI

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death and one of the diseases with the highest incidence in the world. Hypertension can be caused by several factors such as age, gender, personality type, genetic factors, obesity, exercise, diet, lifestyle, stress, and sleep patterns. Poor sleep quality is a factor in the occurrence of physical, psychological, environmental and lifestyle problems. The physical problems caused include a decrease in daily activities, weakness, fatigue, decreased endurance, and instability of vital signs, while psychological factors impact depression, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. Study was to determine the experience of sleep quality in hypertensive patients at the Karanganyar 1 Health Center. The design of this study was qualitative using a phenomenological approach by involving 3 hypertension participants who had poor sleep quality. Three themes that emerged were then used to reflect the objectives of the study, including: 1) perceptions of hypertensive patients about sleep quality 2) problems perceived by hypertensive patients with sleep quality 3) how hypertensive patients deal with sleep quality. All participants experienced poor sleep quality, such as difficulty sleeping, short sleep hours, frequent daytime sleepiness, waking up in the middle of the night, difficulty sleeping again. Participants felt complaints such as dizziness, neck pain, and participants experienced drug dependence.

Современное отношение студентов младших курсов медицинского университета к здоровому образу жизни

The article presents the results of a study of the attitude of junior medical university students to the problems of a healthy lifestyle and the factors of its formation. The results of the survey showed that students put the right meaning into the concept of ‘health’, confirming the generally accepted formulation of the term healthy lifestyle. 62±8.68% of the surveyed students called their own health good, but 5±3.89% are constantly taking medications. As the survey showed, these are more often chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and gastrointestinal tract. 77±7.25% of medical students indicated the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, but lack of time and lack of necessary strong-willed qualities sometimes prevent them from leading a healthy lifestyle. The risk factors for their health include stressful situations, more often associated with academic activities and financial difficulties, a violation of the diet or diet. The majority of students surveyed answered that they do not smoke — 87±6.01%, and 93±4.56% of students have never tried narcotic or toxic substances. The interviewed students give a good assessment of the activities of the FGBOU VO KrasSMU n.a. Prof. Voino-Yasenetsky Ministry of Health of Russia to create favorable conditions for the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Potential role of hesperidin in lifestyle disorders: A scoping review

Lifestyle disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, congestive heart failure, obesity, and cancer are a growing concern for the modern healthcare system. Dietary modifications, herbal medicines, and fortified foods are proven to be one of the best ways to deal with these disorders and are significantly captivating scientists' attention all over the world. In this context, hesperidin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits was selected based on its numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, hesperidin showed broad-spectrum therapeutic potential against several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to pursuit and collect appropriate literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria for drafting methodical reviews were followed and represents that hesperidin acts by different mechanisms including reducing oxidative stress and lowering the apoptotic protein like caspase, Bax, TNF-α, and NF-MB as well as the inflammatory markers such as IL-6, and LOX-2 in preclinical studies. Clinical studies showed that its consumption can remarkably prevent these lifestyle disorders. Although it has poor bioavailability when administered orally, various novel drug delivery approaches are used nowadays to resolve shortcomings associated with hesperidin. Hesperidin acts as a potential bioactive molecule for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle problems due to its wide therapeutic applications. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, an attempt has been made to explore the preclinical and clinical study of hesperidin in lifestyle disorders including cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, obesity, neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, cancer, etc. with insights on its extraction, bioavailability, and safety profile. In conclusion, hesperidin acts as a potential molecule in the treatment of lifestyle disorders. Moreover, well-designed, high-quality, large-scale, and multicenter randomized clinical studies are required to establish the safety and clinical utility of hesperidin.

Al-Qur'an Communication on Hedonism Lifestyle Problems Through the Construction of the Meaning of Love in QS. Ali Imran/3:14

The tendency to love something as human nature is often misunderstood and not understood by humans as it is in QS. Ali Imran/3:14. This paper will answer how Allah communicates QS. Ali Imran/3:14 and its relation to the problems of love which give birth to a hedonic lifestyle. This research is a research library research. All data is sourced from library data using scientific interpretation analysis. The results of the study show that Allah SWT has bestowed love on humans for some of the objects listed in QS. Āli 'Imrān/3:14, includes love for spouses, offspring, and various forms of property. Crimes resulting from desecration of love like that are included in the category of global problems which are one of the obstacles in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are designed to bring about the welfare of the world community. Solutions to this global problem can be found through religious communication based on the Qur'an and supported by awareness of scientific findings. Through a healthy lifestyle that is supported by spiritual fulfillment through worship, it will produce continuously controlled hormone levels.

The explanation of educational disparities in adiposity by lifestyle, socioeconomic and mental health mediators

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 857487 (R-Exposome Chair) and National Institute for Research of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5104) - Funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU. Background The inverse association between education and obesity was previously found in numerous studies. However, education level per se is not directly related to obesity. Instead, other factors linked to educational disadvantage are likely to serve as mediators of the association. Lower educational levels are associated with poor lifestyle, economic disadvantage, and mental health problems, which all are risk factors of increased adiposity. Purpose We hypothesize the potential mediating role of lifestyle, socioeconomic and mental health factors in the association between education and increased adiposity, thus this study aims to assess diverse mediators in the educational disparities in adiposity. Methods Cross-sectional population-based sample from Czechia included 2154 25-64 years old subjects (2013-2014, 54.6% women). Educational attainment was classified as high, middle, and low. Adiposity was assessed as a latent variable constructed based on four main available adiposity biomarkers - body fat percentage, BMI, waist circumference, and visceral fat. The mediation potential of 8 factors (unhealthy dietary behaviour, alcohol intake, smoking, sedentary behaviours, income, stress, depression, and quality of life) was assessed in age-adjusted sex-specific simple and multiple mediation models. Results The negative direct effect of education on adiposity was significant in all investigated models. In a simple mediation model (each potential mediator tested separately), in men, the indirect effect significantly operated via sedentary behaviour, while in women via dietary risk, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour, income, and mental health. In multiple mediation models (all potential mediators tested in a one set), in men, the indirect effect was significant via sedentary behavior (β=0.041; 95% CI [0.025-0.062]) with a mediation ratio of 23.7%. In women, the indirect effect was significant via dietary risk (β=-0.023, 95% CI [-0.037, -0.013]), alcohol intake (β=-0.006; 95% CI [-0.014, -0.001]), sedentary behavior (β=0.012, 95% CI [0.004,0.023]), income (β=-0.022; 95% CI [-0.041, -0.004]), and mental health (β=-0.007; 95% CI [-0.019, -0.001]). The total mediation ratio in women was 30.5%. Conclusions Sedentary behaviours mediated the protective potential of higher educational levels on adiposity in both sexes, with a higher magnitude in men. In addition, unhealthy diet and lower income partially mediated the educational gradient in women. Reducing sedentary time should be targeted in public health strategies to reduce the burden of increased adiposity. Future studies should investigate a broader spectrum of potential mediators including knowledge-related factors and components of external environment.

Lifestyle and Problems of HIV Sufferers in Surabaya: Phenomenological Study

People living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA) are someone who experiences physical, and psychosocial life threats, and social problems such as anxiety and depression. PLWHA are also very vulnerable to stigma which results in community discrimination. The complexity of the problems experienced by PLWHA requires special attention to be resolved immediately. The purpose of this research was to explore the lifestyle and problems of people living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA). This research uses a phenomenological study. The ethical test was obtained from STIKes William Booth. There are 5 informants selected based on the purposive sampling technique. The data was taken by means of an open-question questionnaire. Each respondent was given questions using the interview method and then recorded. There were 2 main topics that were asked, the first topic is the initial condition of being diagnosed with HIV and the secondary topic is the lifestyle and current problems. The results of the interviews found that the sample had suffered from HIV 5-8 years ago due to risky behavior. Diagnosed because he felt the symptoms of a disease that did not cure. Psychosocial complaints stem from internal feelings such as feelings of guilt, having no future, and fear of death. In addition, the problem of external stigma greatly threatens social relations activities with other people. Continuous social support is a basic need. Spending time alone and working became daily activities. HIV community groups are difficult to reach because of distance. Activities do not vary due to physical constraints such as the effects of medication and co-morbidities. Some have tried to exercise but are less successful. Need the right way to reduce the physical constraints felt by PLWHA, psychosocial support is needed to change the mindset of PLWHA. Sustainable programs that can reduce community stigmatization are the key to changing the quality of life of PLWHA.