Problems Of Youth Employment Research Articles

Integration of Universities and Employers – Potential in Building Social Capital

The article analyzes the main directions of integration of universities and employers, considered in the context of formation of social capital of participants of educational relations. The empirical basis of the work was formed by: 1) data on self-evaluation for 2023 of four leading universities of the Omsk region, differing in the structure of educational programs and industry focus (OmSTU, OmSU, OmGUPS, SibADI); 2) the results of questionnaire survey of the main participants of the educational process: students and employers of these universities; 3) data from the survey of university youth within the framework of the Federal project “Runway 2023” (2,139 students of these universities). The novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the practices of integration of universities and employers that have developed in the educational environment as ways of reproducing social capital for the key participants of educational relations. These practices contribute to the establishment of trust between the participants of educational relations; form communications that become resources for obtaining benefits for the parties involved in cooperation; help students to master the corporate norms and rules of employers; reduce the level of transaction costs in employment, etc. It has been established that the main forms of integration of universities and their partners are realized mainly to achieve a high level of postgraduate employment of graduates, which in practice are associated with the reproduction of social capital of both open and closed type. Based on the analyzed sources, the following hypotheses were confirmed: firstly, representatives of employers who have experience of cooperation with universities are more likely to prefer to use and develop such formats of integration with educational organizations that are focused on solving the problems of youth employment, i.e. they use the accumulated social capital to build up the human capital of their organizations; secondly, the level of students’ readiness to recommend an educational organization for admission and graduation. The authors show promising directions of research on the subject of the article: 1) the establishment of system-wide and industry barriers that impede the development of bridging social capital for the production of an innovative product; 2) a comprehensive analysis of bridging social capital, which reflects the quality of communication and cooperation in the context of personal responsibility and competencies of officials of both participants in the educational process.

Legal problems of youth employment in areas with special climatic conditions

The welfare State should ensure the protection of the labor rights of workers, and above all young professionals engaged in labor activities in the Far North and equivalent areas. The employee's confidence in the future, in a decent existence during and after the end of employment, directly affects the choice of place of work and place of residence, the expansion of legal opportunities and amendments to the legislative regulation of employment and employment of young people will allow, using both economic and legal instruments, to solve this important state task, which will lead to ultimately, the economic well-being of Russia. The article examines the legal problems of youth employment and labor activity in areas with special climatic conditions,and suggests legislative ways to solve them.

Социальные риски достижения устойчивого развития Арктического региона

The sustainable development of circumpolar countries is of great importance for the whole world, because the Arctic Region is currently experiencing an unprecedented level of economic activity. From the perspective of the concept of sustainable development, the intensification of industrial activity in the Arctic region makes the issues of achieving long-term environmental and social sustainability for local communities relevant. Despite the fact that the Arctic countries, especially the countries of Northern Eu-rope, are leaders in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, additional attention is needed to coordinate efforts to achieve them at all levels of administrative-territorial management. The relevance of our study is determined by the need to overcome the challenges and threats to the sustainable development of the Arctic territories of circumpolar countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the social risks of achieving sustainable development of the Arctic region. The methodological basis of the study was the system approach, methods of structural-historical and comparative-geographical analysis. It was substantiated that social risks in achieving sustainable development in the Arctic region are limited access to educational services; social tension in the labor markets, produced by professional and qualification imbalances of labor demand and supply and problems of youth employment; child poverty and poverty of the indigenous population. The scientific novelty of the research is in substantiating the social risks that pose a threat to the sustainable development of the Arctic region. The prospects for further research are conditioned by the need to solve urgent socio-economic and managerial problems associated with the sustainable development of the Arctic region.

GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN MODERN KAZAKHSTAN

Today the problem of youth employment is very relevant. Over the years of independence, the country has adopted various state programs for the employment of the country's youth. This article will highlight the programs carried out to reduce youth unemployment and their results. Foreign studies that investigate this problem have also been studied. These works provide an analysis of measures to eliminate youth unemployment. Comparative and statistical research methods were applied. The article discusses the problems of unemployment of the modern youth of our country, as well as analyzes programs to address this issue. The study examined the Youth Corps Project (Zhasproject), and analyzed the results of the implementation of this program to reduce the unemployment rate of young people in Kazakhstan. The study assessed the effectiveness of the current state policy in the field of youth employment, analyzed state regulation and the importance of the welfare state in ensuring youth employment. The issues of employment of university graduates are considered, recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of state regulation of youth employment in the future.

Analysis of the Reasons for the Youth Employment Difficulties in Todays China

Nowadays, Chinese society has entered a stage of rapid development, and a large number of knowledge-building talents are needed to help China's future development. As the main force of China's future development, young people must have a rich knowledge background as well as good physical and mental health, so as to firmly guarantee the future of China. However, the fact is that, recently, a large number of graduates are unable to find a job or they take jobs that are low-paying, unstable, or less people-oriented. Over time, young people will be less positive at work, and their enthusiasm for work will be greatly reduced, which is not conducive to China's future development. In this case, this paper studies the employment dilemma of contemporary Chinese youth and the reasons behind it, drawing the conclusion that at present, Chinese youth are faced with a dual employment dilemma of the changing employment situation and changing employment preferences, which is caused by the increase in the number of outstanding graduates, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the turnover wave of Generation Z, and the structural problems of youth employment.

Dual form of education is the basis of the integration of students into the modern labor market

The dual form of education is a critical component of integrating young people into the modern labor market, as it helps reduce the unemployment rate and ensures the training of highly qualified specialists. The main goal of implementing elements of a dual form of education in Ukraine is to eliminate the main shortcomings of traditional forms and methods of training future qualified specialists, namely, to overcome the gap between theory and practice, education, and production, and to promote the improvement of the quality of personnel training, considering the requirements of employers by the demand of the modern labor market. Therefore, the opportunity to simultaneously acquire both theoretical knowledge and practical experience at real workplaces gives higher education graduates a competitive advantage in the labor market. The article aims to study modern trends in the implementation of dual education as a basis for integrating students into the modern labor market. According to official data, over the past few years, there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the number of unemployed youths, which is due to both unresolved youth employment problems and the spread of passive, unregulated, destructive behavior patterns of the young generation in the conditions of the modern domestic labor market, which, unfortunately, is negative signs of its functioning. Post-war recovery and development of all spheres of the domestic economy requires. It was determined that the use of the potential of various forms of higher education, among which the dual form of education occupies an important place. In the forced conditions of distance learning, it is challenging to establish practical training for higher education students and quality control over their acquisition of the necessary competencies. Therefore, the use of the means of organizing dual education will contribute to acquiring the necessary professional knowledge and professional competencies that meet the requirements of employers and the labor market. Attracting qualified specialists to work is a strategic investment in the social socio-economic development of the state. Keywords: dual form of acquiring professional competences, educational process, higher education, competence approach, participants in the educational process, university stakeholders.

Professional orientation of young people as a factor of effective development of the labor market

Professional orientation of young people, carried out by specialists of the state employment service, is one of the main tools for regulating the employment market. In domestic and foreign practice, there are many works devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of the professional identity of young people and the impact of professional orientation on the labor market and society as a whole. However, one can observe the problem of the lack of a comprehensive socio-philosophical analysis of the effectiveness of youth vocational guidance technologies within the framework of the state employment service. In this regard, the subject of the study is the role of professional orientation of young people in the process of forming the employment market. Based on the results of the socio-philosophical analysis of the studied social phenomenon, the existing organizational and managerial problems in the process of providing public services for professional orientation were identified. Therefore, within the framework of the study, the factors contributing to the improvement of the managerial activities of specialists in the field of youth employment promotion were analyzed and identified. Thus, the results obtained can be applied by specialized specialists of state and municipal administration in order to increase the effectiveness of professional orientation of young citizens. The implementation of the results of the research into practical activities can contribute to a more rational distribution of labor resources and solve the problem of youth employment.

МОЛОДІЖНЕ БЕЗРОБІТТЯ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ТА РОЗРОБКА ЗАХОДІВ ЩОДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ МОЛОДІ

In the article, the problems of youth employment during martial law, as well as the causes of youth unemployment and ways to solve them are researched. The attention is focused on the fact that to overcome youth unemployment, it is important to direct the key guidelines of the state youth policy and the employment policy to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 8, which will involve the gradual transition to a modern innovative model, the priority of which will be a qualified highly paid workforce, and that shall contribute to the reduction of unemployment and the improvement of the living standard of the working population (including youth).The dynamics of the youth number in Ukraine, as well as its distribution by age, were studied. The selection of the most popular specialties chosen by young people was conducted, and their compliance with the needs of the labor market of Ukraine was assessed. It has been proven that when choosing a future profession, the applicants should ask what kinds of specialists will be needed, which will help to avoid the risk of replenishing the unemployment rank, taking into account the fact that there will be significant changes in the professional structure of the labor demand due to the post-war recovery of the country. The statistical data of the number of the officially registered unemployed were researched, TOP –5 the most sought-after vacancies in the labor market at the beginning of 2023, and the salary level, the reason of the refusal by youth from actual vacancies were outlined.It has been proven that the activation of the processes of the youth migration significantly affect the unemployment level in Ukraine. The employment level of youth abroad was assessed. To reduce the youth unemployment level, the authors proposed some measures, including: changing the vector of the career guidance work, monitoring the employers’ expectations and aligning the mastering of the necessary competencies during the profession acquisition; involving the youth in recovery processes under the “Vidnova” program; stimulation of the labor demand through the formation of a state order for the specialties that are strategically important for the country; development of the measures to actively restore the country’s economic potential, which will help to return young people who have forcibly migrated abroad.

The Problem of Youth Employment in Kazakhstan

The Problem of Youth Employment in Kazakhstan

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЗАНЯТОСТИ МОЛОДЕЖИ УЗБЕКИСТАНА

The article considers the institutional environment for regulating the employment of youth in Uzbekistan, highlights the following main problems in the development of the labor market in Uzbekistan - the lack of national indicators to measure the effectiveness of employment policy in the youth labor market; the presence of education and labor markets, which sometimes do not interact at the proper level; the weak level of the scientific potential of the country, the low coverage of the population with higher education, and solutions to the problems of youth employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan are given

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ БЕЗРАБОТИЦЫ

The article investigates the problem of youth employment and the role of various mechanisms in solving this problem. The authors discuss the importance of subsidizing the employment of young professionals, the role of business incubators and volunteer activities. They emphasize that youth is a vulnerable category in the labor market, but at the same time is an important source of human capital. The authors point out the priority of reducing youth unemployment in the state social and economic policy. The article emphasizes that employment subsidies, business incubators and volunteer activities play a significant role in supporting and developing youth, contributing to solving the problem of unemployment and creating a quality talent pool for the future development of the economy.

РАЗВИТИЕ НЕСТАНДАРТНЫХ ФОРМ ТРУДОУСТРОЙСТВА ВЫПУСКНИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ РОСТА МОБИЛЬНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

In the context of increasing population mobility, non-standard forms of employment for graduates are emerging in many countries, which offer more flexible and adaptive work opportunities. The study examined the theoretical foundations of the formation of the Russian youth labor market, as well as foreign experience and the experience of previous years in the development of a youth employment system in the context of increasing population mobility. The authors have developed proposals for solving youth employment problems using various forms and mechanisms of influence. The classification of non-standard forms of employment may vary depending on the context and criteria, but in general, the authors divided such forms of employment into several main categories. The authors analyzed the current state of the youth employment system in St. Petersburg in the context of increasing population mobility, which made it possible to scientifically substantiate the directions for the development of non-standard forms of employment. Research and development of new approaches to graduate employment in an environment of increasing population mobility will help higher education institutions, government and business better prepare graduates for modern labor market challenges, providing them with stable and promising career opportunities. In the process of working, workers not only create material and spiritual benefits, thereby maintaining a decent level of well-being of the population of the entire country, but also undergo a process of social development and self-realization, which is so important for the younger generation. Therefore, the labor market and all related processes form and determine the socio-economic state of the region and the country as a whole. The social situation of St. Petersburg among all the regions of the Northwestern Federal District is the most favorable, which is associated, first of all, with the developed social and industrial infrastructure of the city. A reduction in vacancies announced by employers and an increase in the number of registered unemployed can destabilize it as a result of a decrease in socio-economic indicators in the field of labor and employment.

Dynamics and structural features of employment in the United States of America

The purpose of the study is to identify trends and problems of employment in the United States . The main objectives of the article are defined in accordance with the stated goal : to study the dynamics of employment in the 21st century , to assess participation in the labor force by different age groups and socio-demographic characteristics , to consider the problems of youth employment , scientific and engineering personnel , to show the role of small business in providing employment , analyze gender and part-time employment issues in the US labor market . The paper uses the system , economic-statistical , logical , and comparative analysis approaches . The study is based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor . The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that employment is an integral element of life that has a significant impact on both the socio-economic and political situation in the country and in the world . The analysis made it possible to identify current trends . Among the long-term challenges , there is a decline in the economic activity of the American population . The workforce is aging and transforming . Due to immigrants and the growth of the number of young racial-ethnic groups that identify themselves as multi-racial , there is a trend towards an increase in the multinationality of the United States . The most vulnerable groups of the population are youth , women , as well as people with a low level of education . The correlation between the level of education , unemployment and income is shown . One of the long-term trends is the growth of employment in sectors related to research , introduction of technological innovations and use of scientific and engineering knowledge .

Experience of foreign countries in legal regulation of employment of graduates of educational institutions

The article examines the experience of foreign countries in the legal regulation of employment of graduates of educational institutions, as for the best settlement of relations on youth employment, it is advisable to pay attention to foreign experience in solving similar problems. The study briefly examines the experience of some European countries in solving youth employment problems at the national level, taking into account national specifics, economic and social situation. It is concluded that the experience of countries with developed market economies shows that the scale of state intervention in the system of the labor market is significant. A special place in the employment policy of these countries is occupied by measures to promote the employment of young people who have no practical training. States encourage employers to hire young people by providing them with special guarantees, subsidies, and tax breaks. Vocational training and retraining are important in regulating the world’s youth labor market, as the economic costs of providing these services far outweigh the costs of unemployment benefits. Currently, most Member States of the European Union are trying to facilitate the process of adaptation of young people to enter the labor market after graduation through a combination of so-called supply and demand strategies. Proposal strategies mainly include programs focused on vocational training of young people. Although each country takes into account its national, economic and social specificities when implementing youth employment programs, all youth employment programs have one thing in common - facilitating the entry of different categories of young people into the labor market by providing them with vocational training, qualifications and providing the first work experience. Mechanisms of close cooperation and interaction between the education system and the labor market play an important role in this process.

Modern problems of youth employment: regional and professional aspects

Modern problems of youth employment: regional and professional aspects

Youth labor market: sociological analysis of the interaction between employers and students (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region)

The work is devoted to the study of the problem of youth employment on the example of the labor market of Nizhny Novgorod. Purpose of the study: identification of critical points of inconsistency in the perception of effective interaction in the labor market between employers and young professionals. To solve this problem, an empirical study was carried out, which included a survey of university students to assess their employment prospects, as well as a series of expert interviews with representatives of HR departments of commercial companies about the goals and value of hiring young specialists. The results of the study revealed a number of factors complicating the process of employment of young specialists: the discrepancy between their expectations and the requirements of employers, the lack of tools for effective job search, self-presentation skills at different stages of employment, an insufficient level of development of professional competencies, as well as a lack of experience interactions in a corporate format. Within the framework of the study, it was found that a key contradiction begins to form at the stage of partnership interaction between a higher educational institution, a student and an employer, even in the process of professional training of a specialist. Employers confirm their readiness to include student youth in the process of updating the professional experience. However, there is little interest in the participation of students in internship programs offered by employers, since the factor of financial well-being in the present is of paramount importance for students, as opposed to the ability to form a competitive advantage for employment in the future.

Активна політика зайнятості молоді України

This article generalizes the arguments and counterarguments within the framework of the scientific discussion on the issue of increasing the level of employment of young people in Ukraine by increasing the students’ motivation for employment and developing professional and social skills demanded by the market. The main purpose of the research is to assess the current state of the youth segment of the labor market and determine the directions of intensification of youth employment policy in the face of challenges of the present time. A systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem of youth employment showed that the use of sociological survey methods is effective in analyzing employment problems. The relevance of solving the problem of youth employment lies in the matter that this category of the population belongs to the vulnerable ones, which is manifested in the highest level of its unemployment. The study of the problem of youth employment in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the existing statistical base of indicators of labor force, employment, youth unemployment is analyzed; the results of a sociological survey of working student youth are studied; the main features of the portrait of a modern working student are identified, and the reasons for the low motivation of a certain stratum of students to employment are determined. Based on the analysis, measures to promote youth employment are proposed. The object of the research is the able-bodied population of Ukraine aged 15–35 years, in particular, age groups 15–24 years and 25–30 years. The article presents current measures to intensify youth employment in the face of present time challenges, in particular, it proposes a wider involvement of employers in improving the quality of labor training, increasing the students’ motivation for employment, developing social competencies among young professionals to ensure their competitiveness, etc. The results of the research can be useful for substantiating managerial decisions on improving the quality of training of young professionals and to promote the level of youth employment.

Забезпечення зайнятості молоді через діяльність малих громад в Україні

Проаналізовано типові виклики зайнятості молоді: безробіття, виїзд за кордон; недостатній рівень кваліфікації та можливості зайнятості молоді через співпрацю навчальних інституцій із місцевими та регіональними роботодавцями; неформальна освіта; участь у місцевому самоврядуванні громади. Запропоновано розробити ефективну державну молодіжну політику щодо забезпечення зайнятості молоді в малих громадах через: розвиток молодіжного підприємництва; активізацію молоді та залучення до діяльності громади; включення молоді у ради і комітети.

YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A MEANS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE

The article is devoted to the study of solving the problem of youth unemployment using entrepreneurship. The article reflects: changes in the social structure of Russian society, the problem of unemployment in general and among young people; disclosed youth unemployment as a chronic disease of the economy, its dynamics, factors aggravating it; problems of youth employment, as well as the pros and cons of youth as an active part of the population; considered entrepreneurship and its types as a means of solving the problem of youth unemployment; shows the attractiveness of entrepreneurship and its spheres for young people; the opportunities and ways of enhancing the entrepreneurial activity of young people are identified.

Features of regulation of national development of franchising

Methods. The methodological tools of the study are a systems approach to scientific knowledge of economic phenomena and processes, adapted to identify problems of youth employment at the national and global levels. Specific methods in the study are as follows: historical-genetic method – in the study of trends in youth employment in the pre-crisis, post-crisis period and the period of pandemic reality; method of general and special – in characterizing global challenges and their impact on youth employment; comparative analysis – in identifying trends and features of youth employment in the world. Results. The article provides a theoretical study of the features and problems of employment in the world in the context of global challenges and economic instability. Based on the classification of youth employment and unemployment, the features of youth employment, which are manifested in economic instability, vulnerability, psychological instability, as well as an increase in the European Union NEET – young people who «do not work, do not study». It has been argued that in developed countries and countries undergoing transformational reforms, the COVID-19 pandemic and Industry 4.0 processes exacerbate employment problems and increase youth unemployment. Generation Z, which belongs to the category of young people and will be involved in the labor process in the near future, is analyzed through the «generation theory». Novelty. On the basis of theoretical and analytical generalizations on employment, the problems of youth employment in the conditions of economic instability, global challenges and postcognitive reality are classified and outlined. Practical value. Isolation and classification of youth employment problems allows forming an effective strategy of youth employment and developing an effective mechanism for its implementation, and recommendations for collaboration between business, education, international and government institutions serve as a basis for minimizing youth unemployment in the world.