Problem Areas Research Articles

Regional features of the development of the export potential of the timber industry of Khabarovsk Krai

In this article, the author examines methods for assessing the effectiveness of the export potential of the timber industry complex of various authors based on qualitative and quantitative criteria, factor components, taking into account the specifics of production. The advantages and disadvantages of the models are identified, and the need for author's adjustments is justified. The author calculates the assessment of export potential using the example of the Khabarovsk Territory using the models of S.A. Dubkov, which shows how to most accurately assess the effectiveness of export potential, taking into account the use of factor indicators; A.P. Gevraseva — on the basis of diversification of the region’s export activities; E.V. Volkodavova, whose model combines quantitative criteria affecting the export of products within the boundaries of an industrial enterprise; I.N. Moseyko, Yu.M. Azmina, whose model is based on a multifactor assessment of export potential, taking into account all factor-forming indicators. Based on the model of K. Pearson and C. Spearman, the author of this study has developed a model for assessing the export potential of the timber industry, which shows the effectiveness of using correlation analysis. The study of methodological approaches to assessing the export potential of the timber industry complex at the regional level and at the enterprise level shows: • how the indicators for the formation of export potential are assessed, taking into account the integral assessment of export potential at the enterprise level, which allows a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of export potential; • how to calculate a comprehensive assessment of the internal export potential of an enterprise, based on the diversification of the region’s export activities, based on quantitative characteristics that take into account the volume of exports of products, works/services of an industrial nature, intangible assets; • how can an assessment of the effectiveness of export potential be calculated on the basis of a multifactor assessment of export potential, private indicators of export potential, which take into account the following criteria: the efficiency of production of export products (the cost of export products in domestic prices for the cost of export products, etc.); • how these methods allow us to assess the level of development of the export potential of both the region and the enterprise. As a result of the author’s development of an assessment of the effectiveness of the export potential of the timber industry complex, the following results were obtained: • a developed model for assessing the effectiveness of export potential, which shows the result expressed as a percentage of profitability indicators to the total costs of developing export potential, taking into account the impact of a combination of factors (external and internal); • the model shows how important factors are for export potential, that it is necessary to take into account each factor in order to understand how to further develop timber industry production; • which factor components have a stronger influence, which ones have a weaker influence, what should be paid special attention to in the future in order to correct the situation and optimize the processes of developing the export potential of the timber industry. The model developed by the author can be used in practice when calculating the efficiency coefficient of export potential both at the regional level and at the enterprise level, taking into account all factor components, identifying problem areas (factors) in the activities of the timber industry at the regional level.

The establishment of possibilities to increase life quality of patients of nursing homes: the resources of ergo-therapy

In connection with the growing number of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation, there is a need to improve rehabilitation care and bring it into line with international models. The article discusses possibilities of ergo-therapy in improving quality of life of people with disabilities living in nursing homes. The results of qualitative study of medical and social work in nursing homes of elderly and disabled people are presented. The purpose of the study was to identify needs in professional ergo-therapy work in stationary type institutions. The article presents the results of original study carried out in 2023 using method of interviewing medical and social workers (n = 13) in two regions (Saratov, Penza). The study permitted to identify the most acute problem areas requiring ergo-therapy to improve the quality of life of patients in nursing homes for disabled and elderly persons. The study resulted in conclusions that to improve the quality of life both of patients in residential institutions and the level of satisfaction of citizens with social policy it is necessary to organize and implement ergo-therapy service in stationary institutions. The current situation requires presence of ergo-therapists in social institutions and health care, as their role and importance in supporting patients are increasing.

3D Visualization of Asynchronous Many-Task Scheduling Algorithm

The paper is devoted to the issue of visualization of the algorithm for scheduling parallel tasks. Task scheduling is a key part of the online visualization and parallel programming environment developed by the author. When programming a parallel version of one mathematical application, a suspicion arose that the scheduling algorithm does not optimally distribute the load between the workers. In this connection, it was decided to visualize its work in order to see the overall picture and possible problem areas of the algorithm. The constructed view successfully coped with the problem, and the scheduling algorithm was improved.

Sustainable Consumption in the Behavior of Young Consumers

The aim of the article is to characterize the attitude of young consumers towards the concept of sustainable consumption in the area of food consumption, which is manifested, among others, in the declared engagement in sustainable behaviors both in the market as well as in households. The research was conducted using the CAWI method on a sample of Polish consumers from the Lubuskie region. The article consists of two parts. The first part explores the problems of sustainable consumption. The second part presents the results of research on consumer attitudes towards the concept of sustainable consumption in the area of food consumption. Particular attention was paid to the awareness of the implications of consumer behavior in the process of satisfying food needs. Behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of consumers related to sustainable consumption were characterized, and an attempt was subsequently made to determine the extent of the gap existing between behaviors and attitudes. The conducted survey research constituted an attempt at highlighting certain consumption problems among young people, to have them share their views on the different issues of sustainable consumption, as well as to emphasize the importance of various factors in shaping sustainable food consumption patterns. The article certainly is not an exhaustive examination of all the problems areas of sustainable consumption, but it should make these more easily identifiable all while stressing the real role and importance of sustainable behaviors among young consumers in the modern economy.
 Keywords: sustainable consumption, sustainable development, young consumer.

Таганрогский округ: проблемы политики и управления на Юге России в годы Гражданской войны

Introduction. The Civil War in Russia had many dimensions. The general pattern of confrontation arose as a result of the implementation of many local contradictions. The study of the historic situation of the civil strife within the framework of local history opens up new opportunities for assessing the motives of participation in the civil war and the role of class, group, and party contradictions and situational circumstances in this. Methods and materials. The article uses classical research methods. The source base of the research is represented by unpublished and published documents, memoirs, and the press. The sources that came out of the white camp predominate, since the studied territory was under the White Guard jurisdiction. Analysis. The article examines the situation in the Taganrog District of the Don Army Region during 1918–1919. In this district, the peasant population prevailed, unlike the rest of the districts in the Region. The population of the district experienced the administration of various authorities, including the occupying German authorities. Makhno’s movement was unfolding in close proximity. As a result of class hostility and the lack of reliable information, the peasantry of the district rose twice: in October 1918 and in March – April 1919. The uprisings were suppressed, and the district became a problem area for the white military command and political leadership. The article shows in detail how these events matured and unfolded. It is shown that the peasantry, not trusting the Cossacks, pinned their hopes on the main political subjects of the Civil War, which were the Reds or the Volunteer Army. Results. The example of the Taganrog District demonstrates many pain points of the Civil War. The most peasant district in the Cossack army, with a large industrial center, was never successfully integrated into the white statehood. Problems of trust, communication, phobias, and unrealized hopes did not allow this to take place. At the same time, the potential for a strong national government in the district was quite clearly manifested.

A Brief Analysis of the Judgment in Women's Legal Centre Trust v President of the Republic of South Africa 2022 5 SA 323 (CC)

On 28 June 2022 the apex or Constitutional Court (CC) handed down a much-awaited judgment which impacts upon Muslim marriages concluded purely in terms of Islamic law in South Africa. Does the judgment mean that such Muslim marriages are now fully recognised for all purposes in the South African legal context? The simple answer is "no". The rationale for this conclusion is to be found in the two-pronged judgment. The first part of the judgment is wholly suspended and will only and automatically come into effect if remedial legislation is not enacted in 24 months. The second part of the judgment pertains to an interim order which takes effect immediately and applies retrospectively to all Muslim marriages that subsisted on 15 December 2014 (when the case was first launched by the Women's Legal Centre in the Western Cape High Court) and to Muslim marriages which, although terminated before that date, were still subject to ongoing legal proceedings at that date. While the case note briefly refers to the first part of the judgment, the main purpose of this case note is to highlight some of the practical problems that could be encountered by couples when effect is given to the orders pertaining to the interim relief granted in terms of the second part of the judgment. The problem areas are highlighted by looking at the CC judgment in the light of three fictitious scenarios. The case note provides a few critical comments on the judgment and ends with a few concluding remarks. Past experience leads us to expect that tangible progress will take place only by 2024, a date which coincides with South Africa's next presidential election. Until then the non-recognition of Muslim marriages will continue to prove burdensome to Muslim women and children.

Can L2 motivation be modelled as a self-system? A critical assessment

Some two decades ago, Dörnyei (2005) proposed that motivation for L2 learning could be modelled as a self-system. Despite the profound influence of Dörnyei's scholarship and impact of the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) model, the fundamental premise that motivation for L2 learning can constitute a self-system has escaped critical scrutiny. Highlighting how the self-system constitutes a framework within which self-referential cognition is organized, and that self-appraisal occurs in relation to socially-derived standards (Bandura, 1978; Higgins, 1990), this article critically assesses the utility of a self-system conceptualization. This is accomplished by addressing five problem areas connected with the L2MSS and which relate to the model's self-system conceptualization: the “fantasy problem” (nondifferentiation of desire and fantasy), the “ought-to L2 self problem” (unspecificity of relevant others and internalization processes), the “integrativeness problem” (difficulty of incorporating affiliation motives), the “learning experience problem” (failure to account for relational and biographical influences), and the “context problem” (inadequate modelling of learner–environment interactions). Critical engagement with these problem areas demonstrates how the self-system conceptualization embodied in the L2MSS is tightly circumscribed, and how a self-regulatory system framework can provide greater utility.

ДЕТЕРМІНАЦІЯ ЗАСАД РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ ПРОСТОРОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ

Розглянуто проблему формування засад регіональної політики в Україні в контексті сучасних викликів просторового розвитку, використання територіально орієнтованого і безпекового підходів. Встановлено проблемні площини регуляторно-правового механізму державної регіональної політики, а саме щодо: регламентації виключно законом регуляторних аспектів державної регіональної політики і впровадження європейських інструментів у сфері регіонального розвитку; імплементації територій територіальних громад у національну систему адміністративно-територіального устрою; уніфікації типологій функціональних типів територій у чинних правових актах держави; ефективної координації та інтеграції різних політик у сфері регіонального розвитку.Розроблено пропозиції стосовно комплексу законодавчих змін у контексті формування дієвої взаємопов’язаної системи планування функціонально-просторового розвитку держави, регіонів і територіальних громад, які передбачають: узгодження засад державної регіональної політики як складової частини внутрішньої політики України з Керівними принципи процесу відновлення України («принципами Лугано») і Керівними принципами сталого просторового розвитку європейського континенту; імплементацію Національної концепції просторового розвитку, регіональних концепцій просторового розвитку, концепції інтегрованого розвитку території територіальної громади як документів, що визначають довгострокові, міждисциплінарні, просторові й соціально-економічні пріоритети збалансованого розвитку відповідної території та є основою системи взаємопов’язаних документів стратегічного планування і реалізації державної регіональної політики; упровадження інноваційної моделі функціонально-просторового розвитку території на основі смарт-спеціалізації; упровадження механізму формування документації з просторового планування в режимі геоінформаційної платформи «Планування просторового розвитку» як інтегрованого й орієнтованого на місця унікального інструменту політики функціонально-просторового розвитку території і трансформації соціально-економічного середовища з урахуванням Європейського зеленого курсу.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the problem areas in diabetes–pediatric version (PAID-Peds) survey

BackgroundMetabolic control and psychological management of paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can be challenging over time. Development of an instrument to assess the youth-reported burden could aid in preventing T1DM-associated diseases.MethodsThe aim of this study was to translate and validate the Spanish version of the Problem Area in Diabetes Survey–Pediatric version (PAID-Peds). A multicentre, cross-sectional translation and linguistic validation study was performed on a sample of 30 participants aged 8–17 years with a minimum 1-year history of T1DM diagnosed at the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza (Aragon, Spain), Ramón y Cajal University Clinical Hospital in Madrid (Spain), and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). The qualitative validation consisted of translation into Spanish and back-translation into English of the Paid-Peds survey and subsequent administration to the sample population. Data were gathered on parameters related to sociodemographic characteristics and metabolic control. Validity, feasibility, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability by means of interclass correlation, and paired samples using the Wilcoxon W-test. The study was approved by the ethics and research committees at each participating centre.ResultsThe study assessed 30 children (46.7% female) with an average age of 13.33 ± 2.98 years; mean age at onset was 5.70 ± 3.62 years, and the mean disease duration was 7.63 ± 4.36 years. The mean score on the PAID-Peds survey was 42.88 ± 17.85. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.90. Test-retest reliability measured by interclass correlation coefficient was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.63–0.90). No significant differences in total scores were found between test and retest (Wilcoxon W-test: 289; p = 0.051).ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the PAID-Peds survey is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument to assess the youth-perceived burden of T1DM.

Protection of the upper hemisphere of a critical information infrastructure facility

Objective. Structuring of publicly available information regarding the protection of the upper hemisphere of CII objects.Method. The following methods of scientific cognition are used: systematization, description, analysis, deduction. The article consists of three sections. First, an analysis of the current state of the issue of the need for protection from UAVs is carried out. Accounting is not only military infrastructure, but also civil. In addition, for analysis, the separation of drone attacks is carried out in order to physically destroy the CII object / its part or attack the technical component. In the second part of the work, the analysis of the regulatory framework of Russia and the EU countries is carried out. The greatest emphasis is placed on domestic legislation and the identification of problem areas in relation to the research topic. In the third part of the work, a draft of proposals for the protection of CII objects from threats emanating from UAVs is presented. To do this, the analysis of drone varieties is carried out, the requirements for the system of protection and search for intruders are determined.Result. The article investigates the problems of protecting CII objects from drone attacks. A constant increase in UAV attacks on civilian and military infrastructure was noted, problems of the regulatory framework of Russia in the direction were identified, a proposal for the protection of the upper hemisphere was developed.Conclusions. The conducted research is of an overview nature. The materials presented in the paper can serve as a basis for further research in the direction and for the development of relevant regulatory documents.

Spatiotemporal multiscale diagnosis model to proactively respond to the multi‐country monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022

AbstractThis research analyzes the spatiotemporal trend of 23,121 monkeypox virus cases in the multi‐country outbreak that affected 82 countries from January 2022 to July 2022. The spatiotemporal trends analysis is developed using open data and GIS to model 3D bins and emerging hot spots globally (data by country) and nationally (data by region) for hardest hit countries, like the USA and Spain. The implemented methodology distinguishes between problem areas —as significant hot spots— and countries with no pattern. Results show consecutive hot spot patterns in Western Europe and high location quotients in North America. Factually, the countries with consecutive patterns record 16,494 cases, that is, 71.34% of the cases, where 7.63% of the world population live. At the national level, in the analysis of the USA and Spain, the results reveal regional differences with significative hot spots in California and on the East Coast of the USA and the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The proposed methodology facilitates the monitoring of the spatiotemporal evolution of monkeypox cases and is scalable and replicable using non‐arbitrary and statistical parameters. The findings indicate problematic zones in real‐time, enabling policymakers to develop focused interventions and proactive strategies to mitigate the future risk of monkeypox.

A Smart Waste Management System Framework Using IoT and LoRa for Green City Project

Waste management is a pressing concern for society, requiring substantial labor resources and impacting various social aspects. Green cities strive for achieving a net zero-carbon footprint, including efficient waste management. The waste management system deals with three problems that are interrelated: a) the timely checking of the status of bins to prevent overflow; b) checking the precise location of bins; and c) finding the optimal route to the filled bins. The existing systems fail to satisfy all three problem areas with a single solution. To track the overflow of the bin, the proposed model uses ultrasonic sensors, which are complemented with LoRa to transmit the exact location of the bins in a real-time environment. The existing models are not that efficient at calculating the exact bin-filled status along with the precise location of the bins. The Floyd-Warshall algorithm in the proposed model optimizes waste collection using the Floyd-Warshall algorithm to determine the shortest path. Leveraging low-cost IoT technologies, specifically LoRa modules for data transfer, our solution offers benefits such as simplicity, affordability, and ease of replacement. By employing the Floyd-Warshall algorithm with a time complexity of O (n^3), our method efficiently determines the most optimal waste pickup route, saving time and resources. This study presents a smart waste management solution utilising Arduino UNO microcontrollers, ultrasonic sensors, and LoRaWAN to measure waste levels accurately. The proposed strategy aims to create clean and pollution-free cities by addressing the problem of waste distribution caused by poor collection techniques.

Problems and prospects of harmonizing the space of industrial cities

This research examines the problems and prospects of harmonizing the space of industrial cities in modern conditions. The main problems of the development of industrial cities are defined. The importance of studying the previous results of scientific research on similar issues is considered. To highlight the main directions of functioning and development of industrial cities. An analysis of the global practice of transforming industrial cities into comfortable and safe areas was carried out, with the definition of the main types. The main key concepts that help to consider the problem more broadly are revealed. The conducted content analysis of the architectural and urban planning space made it possible to identify the problems (disproportions) of the industrial city from the standpoint of living conditions in urban areas: dissonance between the historical and modern development of the city territory; imbalance between natural and urban areas of the city; presence of significant industrial zones within the city, distortion of proportions between residential, recreational and industrial areas of the city; industrial and social infrastructure conflict; monotony, vagueness of a typical residential building; environmental problems in the city (environmental pollution, negative impact on the "microclimate" of the industrial city); the presence of "marginal" natural and industrial territories that have lost their utilitarian functions; decrease in public safety and increase in crime. The presence of these problems indicates an imbalance and disharmony in the organization of the city space, which negatively affects the social environment and can be accompanied by social imbalance and conflicts. At the same time, the problem areas of the industrial city have the potential to restore disturbed areas, taking into account the modern needs of the population and, as a result, choosing a new functional content. At the same time, it is important that the new functions built into the objects fit into the existing urban context, meet the needs of potential users and promote social consensus.

Shaping a leadership style in the process of generational change in enterprise management

The article examines the peculiarities, problems, and means of forming the leadership style of the follower in the process of generational change in enterprise management. A generalization of the theoretical foundations of leadership style formation is carried out. The structure and directions for ensuring the effectiveness of this process have been identified. The leadership system applied by the management of a modern enterprise can be considered a competitive advantage, the preservation of which in the process of changing generations in the management of the enterprise can be achieved by the purposeful formation of a leadership style in persons in the personnel reserve. Work with the personnel reserve should be aimed at forming a synergistic unity of content and communication components of the leadership style and solving the task of harmonizing the value systems and value orientations inherent in the manager and the company's staff. At the same time, considerable attention should be paid to the formation of such elements of leadership behavior as work with values – identification, agreement, correction; working with conflicts - development of communicative competencies of the "mediator" leadership style and the ability to use the potential of conflict to rally and unite followers; emotion management – the ability to identify emotions, changes in emotions and their integration into the motivation process. Using the theory of generations as a tool for identifying the values of different age groups allows us to simplify the mechanism of identifying potential problem areas in leadership relaying and to determine the directions of formation and development of the successor's leadership style. Both traditional forms of professional development (for the creation of essential management competencies) and modern interactive ones, training, and coaching (for the formation of integral leadership formations) should be recognized to ensure the formation of a leadership style during the change of generations at the enterprise. Keywords: leadership, leadership style, management competencies, management, enterprise management, generational theory.

Mental and Physical Development of Preschool Children Born After Assisted Reproduction

This empirical study compared the mental (intellectual, personal, emotional, social) and physical development of four-year-old children conceived by assisted reproduction technology (ART) with that of naturally conceived children. The sample consisted of 90 ART children and 130 spontaneously conceived children (control). The research revealed no significant differences in behavior, emotional development, gender roles, intellectual development (visual-motor coordination, logical thinking, vocabulary, conceptual knowledge, speech development, counting and reading skills), physical development, emotional and behavioral eating habits, and dental health. The ART children demonstrated significantly higher symptoms of social developmental disorders and lower levels of categorizing skills, with a low effect size. The article introduces significant relationships across various components of mental development, as well as between mental and physical development of ART children vs. control. The majority of preschool children conceived by ART had normative development, but the study revealed a risk group and problem areas of development, which require monitoring and early correction.

Problem areas of determining the sample size in qualitative research: a model proposal

PurposeThe lack of a definite standard for determining the sample size in qualitative research leaves the research process to the initiative of the researcher, and this situation overshadows the scientificity of the research. The primary purpose of this research is to propose a model by questioning the problem of determining the sample size, which is one of the essential issues in qualitative research. The fuzzy logic model is proposed to determine the sample size in qualitative research.Design/methodology/approachConsidering the structure of the problem in the present study, the proposed fuzzy logic model will benefit and contribute to the literature and practical applications. In this context, ten variables, namely scope of research, data quality, participant genuineness, duration of the interview, number of interviews, homogeneity, information strength, drilling ability, triangulation and research design, are used as inputs. A total of 20 different scenarios were created to demonstrate the applicability of the model proposed in the research and how the model works.FindingsThe authors reflected the results of each scenario in the table and showed the values for the sample size in qualitative studies in Table 4. The research results show that the proposed model's results are of a quality that will support the literature. The research findings show that it is possible to develop a model using the laws of fuzzy logic to determine the sample size in qualitative research.Originality/valueThe model developed in this research can contribute to the literature, and in any case, it can be argued that determining the sample volume is a much more effective and functional model than leaving it to the initiative of the researcher.

THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Theoretical concepts of methodological innovations in higher education institutions were comprehensively analyzed in the article. It must be stated that among the whole spectrum of pedagogical technologies, we prefer interactive ones. The implementation of these methods allows to conduct diagnostics and assessment of knowledge acquired by students as well as to conduct control of theoretical concepts of the necessary material, the result of all these must be filling of information gaps between existing and unknown knowledge for students. It must be stated that these technologies are effective both for conducting lectures and practical classes. Dialogic communication between the lecturer and the audience leads to mutual understanding, interaction, joint solution of general but significant tasks for each of the participants. At the same time, during the lecturer's dialogue with future teachers, they learn to think critically, solve complex problems, taking into account the analysis of the circumstances and the information provided. No less important is the formation of alternative approaches, making deliberate decisions, skills of debating with the lecturer or fellow students, taking as a basis their own vision of the problem. Particular attention is paid to contextual learning, which greatly contributes to the optimization of learning. It is primarily based on students' creative and productive thinking, actions and communication, but not exclusively on the processes of perception or memory. Contextual learning is organized in such a way that knowledge, skills and abilities are not transferred as objects of student activity, but as means of solving tasks of professional activity.We found out that interactive technologies and strategy of contextual learning contribute to the consciousness of professional position and self-actualization of the future teacher. These technologies help to level out some "problem areas" of professional training of future teachers, guarantee the achievement of the expected results of the educational process and improvement of the quality of graduates’ training.

Object positional uncertainty modelling in 2D viewpoint planning

Viewpoint planning of terrestrial laser scanning surveys is often guided by the level of accuracy, which is a measure of radiated point precision that does not account for all factors affecting positional uncertainty. We propose the use of modelled object precision for viewpoint planning in a methodology that rigorously combines the three sources of positional uncertainty: the observations; registration; and the observation distribution. Our method is demonstrated on three 2D datasets by analyzing object precision in comparison to United States General Services Administration accuracy criterion. The results show the method's ability to 1) represent the precision for all objects in the environment; 2) identify problem areas where the level of accuracy specification is not met; and 3) inform densification measures needed to improve the design. Detailed explanations of the causes of design weaknesses accompany the results to illustrate the challenges of scanning complex built environments and to highlight solutions.

Efficiency of the Implementation of Innovation and Investment Projects at Healthcare Institutions: Integral Analysis and Ways of Enhancement

Introduction. Improving the quality of medical services and raising the effectiveness of the operation of the subjects of the medical system of Ukraine requires intensifying innovation, which needs significant investments. So, the application of qualitative methods for analyzing the efficiency of such projects is of great importance.Problem Statement. Scholarly research and methodological framework and practical recommendations deal with the identification of problem areas and aspects of the implementation of innovation and investment projects at healthcare institutions in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose is to comprehensively analyze and to identify the problematic aspects of the implementation of innovation and investment projects by healthcare institutions and to determine the measures to address them as well as to increase the effectiveness of the innovation. Material and Methods. In the course of the study, the method of economic and mathematical modeling has been used to perform a composite analysis (using the weighted average method) of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovation and investment projects by the example of healthcare institutions.Results. It has been established that the efficiency of the implementation of innovation and investment projects at healthcare institutions of Ukraine is satisfactory, but such components as the financial and economic sustainability of the project and the quality of intellectual and personnel support, especially the structure of investments and their profitability, staff turnover and the level of professional qualification of medical personnel remain problematic. Financial and economic stability and investment andmarketing development remain the most problematic components of the efficiency.Conclusions. One of the key signs of the efficiency of investment and innovation projects in medicine is their systematic manner that involves a combination of measures to activate and develop investment and innovation in the organizational and institutional (1), the economic (2), the product and service (3), the social and psychological (4) components.

A systematic approach to macro-level safety assessment and contributing factors analysis considering traffic crashes and violations

During rapid urbanization and increase in motorization, it becomes particularly important to understand the relationships between traffic safety and risk factors in order to provide targeted improvements and policy recommendations. Violations and police enforcement are key variables, but the endogenous relationship between crashes and violations has made these variables unreliable and has limited their use. To manage this problem, this study developed a systematic approach for the joint modeling of crashes and violations to identify crash and violation hotspots and examine the mechanisms underlying macro-level contributing factors. Socio-economic, road network, public facility, traffic enforcement, and land use intensity data from 115 towns in Suzhou, China, were collected as independent variables. A bivariate negative binomial spatial conditional autoregressive model (BNB-CAR) and the potential for safety improvement (PSI) method were adopted to identify crash-prone and violation-prone areas, and an interpretable machine learning framework was applied to explore the factors’ effects by area. Results showed that the proposed framework was able to accurately identify problem areas and quantify the impact of key factors, which, in Suzhou, were the number of traffic police and their daily patrol time. Considering such enforcement-related information provided important insights into reducing crash and violation frequency; for example, keeping the number of traffic police and daily patrol time under certain thresholds (number of police lower than 11 and patrol time lower than 2.3 h in this sample) was as effective as increasing these numbers for reducing the probability of high-crash and high-violation areas. The proposed approach can help traffic administrators identify the key contributing factors, especially enforcement factors, in crash-prone and violation-prone areas and provide guidelines for improvement.