Probiotic Feed Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROBIOTICS IN FISH FEED ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CARP (Cyprinus carpio)

This study aimed to determine the effect of giving different types of probiotics in fish feed on carp's growth and survival rate (Cyprinus carpio). It was an experimental study with a completely randomized design that included four treatments and three replications. The treatment was divided into (A) 0 mL/kg addition of probiotics, (B) 10 mL/kg addition of probiotics, (C) 15 mL/kg addition of probiotics, and (D) 3 mL/kg addition of probiotics. The stocking density was 20 fish/aquarium, and the feeding frequency was three times per day. This study showed that adding different types of probiotics had a significant effect (p<0.05) on length growth, weight growth, and survival rate of carp. The best results for getting the highest length growth were obtained in treatment B with a value of 1,96 cm, and the highest increase in weight growth was also obtained in treatment B with a value of 1,49 g. Moreover, the highest survival rate observed was also obtained in treatment B, with a percentage of 85%.

A MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HUMAN-ORIGIN PROBIOTIC COCKTAIL IN ATTENUATING ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOLOGY

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a detrimental public health problem affecting millions of older adults in the USA alone, with no or limited treatment options. Emerging evidence indicates the pivotal role of gut microbiota in AD pathology, but mechanisms remain largely unknown. Also, microbiome modulators like probiotics are proven beneficial in preventing AD with little understanding of their mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated how a microbiota metabolite-short-chain free fatty acid receptor-2 (FFAR2) signaling in the intestine affects AD pathology in brain using intestinal FFAR2 knock-out APP/PS-1 mice; as well as determined if a human-origin-probiotic cocktail exhibits its actions via FFAR2 signaling. We measured changes in the microbiome, permeability in gut and blood-brain barriers (BBB), neuroinflammation, AD pathology, and cognitive behaviors. Results showed, the mice lacking FFAR2 in their intestine exacerbated AD pathology by developing abnormal changes in gut microbiome and intestinal permeability, which in turn promotes permeability in BBB and neuroinflammation. It’s also promoting microglia activation linked with increased Aβ accumulation and cognitive decline. It’s interesting to note that probiotic cocktail feeding reversed these abnormalities in AD mouse models. Further, this probiotic cocktail showed its mechanism in both FFAR2-dependent and independent manner. Overall, our findings indicate that the microbiome sensing mechanism FFAR2 signaling participates in regulating the gut-brain in AD pathology, and a human-origin probiotic cocktail improves the abnormal changes in the microbiome-intestinal & BBB permeability-neuroinflammation axis to ameliorate AD pathology. Thus, FFAR2 agonism and probiotic therapy can be viable options to prevent/ delay the risk of AD progression in older adults.

TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEW PROBIOTIC FOR PIGS BASED ON BACILLUS BACTERIA ON LABORATORY AND TARGET SPECIES OF ANIMALS

The development of new domestic probiotics targeted at immunomodulatory effects is both timely and holds scientific and practical value. To carry out preclinical studies of the 'Combio' probiotic, which is a mixture of probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Enterococcus faecium and other substances developed by the team of authors of SSRILDVSE, under the conditions of several toxicological experiments on laboratory (white rats, rabbits) and target animals toxico-biochemical parameters were identified. The findings of the trial of the acute toxicity of the 'Combio' probiotic showed that the LD50 value could not be calculated, since the death of laboratory animals was not registered within 14 days after administration; the maximum administered dose of the preparation (by absolute weight) was 30,000.0 mg/kg of body weight, which allows it to be assigned to toxicity class VI – relatively harmless substances (LD50>15,000.0 mg/kg of body weight), and according to the degree of danger to IV class – low-risk substances (LD50>5000.0 mg/kg body weight). When applied to the skin (acute dermal toxicity) and the mucous membrane of the eye of rabbits in doses from 750.0 to 3000.0 mg/kg of body weight, the 'Combio' probiotic did not have an irritating effect, and according to the degree of danger, it can be classified as IV class – low- hazardous substances (LD50>2500.0 mg/kg of body weight). According to the results of extended oral feeding of the probiotic in doses of 1500.0; 7500.0 and 15000.0 mg/kg of feed it showed no evidence of hematological, hepatic, or nephrotoxic effects on the laboratory animals under subacute toxicological conditions. On the contrary, it showed the ability to induce metabolic responses in the bodies of white rats (according to dynamics of hematopoiesis and liver protein-synthesizing functions, especially at therapeutic doses). The dynamics of changes in metabolic indicators during extended 60-day oral feeding of probiotics to target animals and poultry in the dose range showed no evidence of hematological, immunological, or hepatoxic effects and correlated with the hematological indicators, which indicated the restoration of nonspecific resistance and the protein profile in the bodies of experimental animals and a sign of increased metabolic respond and immune responsiveness in pigs organisms. The findings regarding the effect of the new 'Combio' probiotic based on the bacteria Bacillus spp. in several experiments on laboratory and target (pigs) animals give grounds to assert that it is ecologically safe and promising for the result – improving the survival rate of target animals and poultry, increasing their body weight gain, optimizing feed conversion, and enhancing the overall quality of production.

INFLUENCE OF THE GRANULATION PROCESS ON THE QUALITY OF THE PROBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENT

The modern development of animal husbandry and poultry farming is impossible without compound feed, which is balanced in terms of energy indicators, nutrients and biologically active substances. The presence of biologically active substances in the rations of animals leads to an increase in the cost of compound feed, which affects the cost of livestock products. However, an insufficient amount of biologically active substances leads to the occurrence of diseases that exclude the possibility of further effective use of animals. Probiotic feed products based on live cultures of microorganisms are used to ensure the body's need for biologically active substances of farm animals. Probiotic feed supplement EnzActive based on active yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in feeding farm animals. This supplement is able to increase the assimilation of nutrients by blocking the negative impact of harmful microorganisms on the condition of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, on the processes of digestion and removal of the end products of metabolism. Based on theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the production of granulated compound feed using EnzActive probiotic feed additive is proposed, which involves stepwise dosing and mixing of microcomponents with EnzActive probiotic feed additive, further mixing with prepared and dosed components of compound feed to ensure high uniformity of EnzActive distribution in the finished product. The technology for the production of granulated combined feed products using the EnzActive probiotic feed additive has been developed, which allows for the production of highly homogeneous finished products with a fixed stable composition that meets the physiological needs of farm animals. The physical properties of loose and granulated compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive were experimentally determined, which indicate that, compared to loose, granular compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive, it has a smaller angle of natural slope, better flowability, and greater volume, which leads to space saving during transportation and storage. The main quality indicator of the granulated compound feed is the fragility of the granules, which was 27%. It has been established that the introduction of probiotic feed additive EnzActive into the compound feed does not affect the change in the physical properties of the finished compound feed products. Microbiological indicators were determined, which indicate that the number of yeast cells in the granulated compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive is 51.6% compared to the number of yeast cells in the loose compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive.

The Effect of Probiotics to Betta Fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) Aquaculture Performance

Betta fish (Betta splendens) is one type of ornamental fish that has high economic value. However, one of the obstacles on its cultivation activity is poor nutrition feed that support the enlargement process. One of the solution is adding probiotics. Probiotics can optimize fish growth, including betta fish. This study aimed to determined the best dose of the probiotics to increased the growth performance of betta fish. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications (C: control, A: 5 ml/kg of feed, B: 7 ml/kg of feed, and C: 9 ml/kg of feed). The data was analyzed by Anova and Duncan’s test. Based on the parameters observed, it was shown that the addition of probiotics in commercial feed in treatment C (9 ml/kg feed) had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight, SGR, and FCR.

Yeast diversity isolated from nypa palm leaf litter in the macrohabitat of the nypa palm worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde)

Yeasts are known to have broad and specific enzymatic activity, including cellulolytic activity. The diversity of yeast in the nypa palm mangrove area is thought to have a role in the organic degradation process of nypa leaf litter which supports the fermentation of nypa palm worm feed. This study aims to determine the composition and genera of yeast present in the habitat of nypa palm worms. The sampling process was determined using a purposive sampling method in Sungai Kakap Village, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. Isolation was carried out using the pour plate method with serial dilution on the Saboraud Dextrose Agar Medium (SDA). The process of characterizing yeast genera was determined by observing the characteristics of microcolonies, type of budding cells, presence of pseudohyphae, type and number of spores, ascospore, and capsule presence. The results showed that the composition of the successfully isolated yeast was 11% of the total colonies growing on the SDA medium. Isolates NrYS1 and NrYS4 are similar to Torulaspora, while isolates NrYS2 and NrYS3 are similar to Schizosaccharomyces. Further research is needed on the potential of the four enzymatic yeasts to be used as probiotic feed for the nypa palm worm’s culture.

Probiotic Feed Additive Based on Microorganisms of the Enterococcus Genus in the Diet of Quails

Probiotic Feed Additive Based on Microorganisms of the Enterococcus Genus in the Diet of Quails

“EnzActive mix” probiotic preparation effect on some metabolism sites and antioxidant defense parameters of sows and their piglets organisms

Taking into consideration the relevance and significant scientific and practical interest in the issue of probiotic preparations effect on various metabolism sites and productivity of farm animals, we have studied the probiotic feed additive “EnzActive mix” based on live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on some metabolism sites, the content of lipid peroxidation products and the antioxidant defense activity in sows and piglets obtained from them. The actuality of such studies is explained by the significant interest in the use of probiotic preparations not only in human medicine, but also in the practice of animal husbandry. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the specified feed additive on some metabolism sites of the farrowing sows and the piglets obtained from them organism, on the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in their body. It was established that feed additive “EnzActive mix”, based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, administration decreased the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content (TBARS and lipids hydroperoxides) in sows and their progeny blood, in the result of the study. The reason for such LPP content decrease was the antioxidant defense enzyme — superoxide dismutase increase in the sows’ and their progeny’s RBC (red blood cells). However, it was admitted also feed additives’ positive effect on sows’ parameters of productivity.

Оптимизация подходов при разработке микробиологических кормов для аквакультуры

The paper presents the results of selecting methods for establishing the growth rate, generation time and doubling of the biomass of yeast cells Rhodotorula spp., which are part of probiotic feed preparations for aquaculture objects. The identified atypical period of the lag phase was observed on both studied nutrient media (Lundin, YEPD), where instead of an increase in the biomass of the culture, some of the introduced cells died. The results obtained provide the basis for further study and search for new highly productive strains of Rhodotorula spp., selection of technological regimes for obtaining feed preparations based on them, modification and optimization of the composition of the culture medium to increase the growth of yeast biomass.

The role of a universal microbiological ferment with probiotic action in changing the blood picture of calves in preweaning period

The use of probiotic feed additives is known in animal science and practice; they are an alternative way to replace antibiotics in animal husbandry. The use of probiotic drugs signifi cantly increases the natural resistance of the animal body, maintains a high level of immune status and reduces the risk of infectious diseases in cattle and farm animals in general. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of feeding a universal microbiological ferment with probiotic action Biolax-U in the diets of calves during the preweaning period in combination with a hygienic bedding desiccant Drytall Fresh. In order to conduct the research 2 groups (control and experimental) of clinically healthy calves of Black-and-White breed in the preweaning period per 15 heads in each were formed by the method of analogues, taking into account age, live weight and breed. Calves of the compared groups received milk and basic feed according to the calf feeding scheme used on the farm. At the same time, the calves of the experimental group additionally received the universal microbiological ferment with probiotic action Biolax-U per 10 ml each morning and evening feeding, i.e. in two steps. The use of Biolax-U ferment had the positive eff ect on improving the morphological composition and biochemical parameters of blood. A comparative blood test after 90 days of feeding calves in the experimental group with the probiotic ferment culture Biolax-U revealed the increase in the concentration of erythrocytes by 12,20 %, hemoglobin by 10,58 % compared to the beginning of the experiment, and by 7,26 and 11,02 %, respectively, compared to animals in the control group. It has been established that the use of the Biolax-U ferment in the diet of calves during the preweaning period in combination with the hygienic bedding desiccant Drytall Fresh enhanced redox processes in the body of calves, stimulated erythropoiesis, improved oxygen supply to tissues and organs, increased the intensity of protein metabolism and protective functions body.

Bacillus subtilis RBT-7/32 and Bacillus licheniformis RBT-11/17 as New Promising Strains for Use in Probiotic Feed Additives.

The normal functioning of a gastrointestinal microflora in poultry and livestock is of significant importance, since its imbalance negatively influences an organism's functions. In this study, the UV mutagenesis and selection were used to obtain two Bacillus strains possessing antagonistic activity towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and their potential as a probiotic feed additive was evaluated. Compared to the parental strains, the ability of B. subtilis RBT-7/32 and B. licheniformis RBT-11/17 strains to suppress E. coli increased by 77 and 63%, respectively; the corresponding ability of these strains to suppress S. aureus increased by 80 and 79%, respectively. RBT-11/17 could not utilize microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, whereas cellulolytic activity of RBT-7/32 was doubled compared to the initial strain. The amylolytic activity of new strains was increased by 40%. Cultivation of strains on media containing soybean, pea, and corn meal did not provide any difference in the biomass production compared to the control. The heating of a water suspension of a dried biomass of the strains for 10-20 min at 80 and 100 °C or incubation in water solutions of citric, ascorbic, acetic, and formic acids (pH 3.0) for 3 and 24 h at 40 °C did not provide any negative influence on the spore survivability. Both strains were evaluated for their resistance to a number of veterinary antibiotics. Thus, RBT-7/32 and RBT-11/17 strains have good prospects for use in feed additives.

159 Design and Development Mechanics of a Random Forest-Based Decision-Tree Model for Sub-Acute Rumen Acidosis Management in Feedlots

Abstract Sub-acute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a ruminal digestive disorder with a prevalence of 24 to 30% in United States-based feedlots and is responsible for a lost economic opportunity of approximately $1 billion annually. Our objective for this study was to develop a decision tool which feedlot decision-makers could use to make routine managemental interventions that can mitigate the prevalence of SARA. The continuous reduction in rumen pH (pH < 5.6) is the primary causative factor that triggers its onset. However, this prolonged lower rumen pH results from the interaction between multiple other etiological factors. We developed a random forest-based decision tree prediction tool which used seventeen plausible etiological factors, which we broadly classified under four categories, namely 1) animal factors, 2) nutritional factors, 3) environmental factors, and 4) management factors (Table 1), to predict the probability of SARA in a typical US feedlot. A synthetic dataset of 100 observations was created based on a survey conducted among subject matter experts, including ruminant nutritionists, epidemiologists, and decision modelers to chart out the alleged relationship between the above seventeen etiological factors and the probability of a beef cattle population contracting SARA. The random forest model (R, 2021) was used to train as well as test the boot-strapped (80:20 split) synthetic dataset. Ability of random forest to limit overfitting without substantially increasing error due to bias contributed to the high positive predictive value (84%) of the model. Our results indicated that beef yearling cattle with mild temperament, with a rumen pH maintained above 5.6, while being fed three or more times a day, for more than 150 days on concentrate feed, with a stocking density greater than 7 m2, with excellent preconditioning, fed either sorghum or oats which are tempered with a physically effective fiber of 15% and above, under ambient temperature and humidity, along with the feeding of prebiotics, probiotics and ionophores had the least probability to contract SARA. In conclusion, our model can be used by feedlot decision modelers to test different permutations and combinations of these seventeen etiological factors customized to their respective operations to predict the probability of SARA in their herd. Future studies will improve the accuracy of the model by training it on more robust epidemiological datasets sourced from beef herds located in multiple geographic regions.

Potential of Pseudomonas putida probiotic feed mixture for improving growth, immune response, and disease resistance in Nile Tilapia compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of a potential probiotic feed mixture containing Pseudomonas putida, in comparison to a yeast product (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), on the growth, immune response, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.MethodsNile Tilapia were divided into three groups and subjected to a 60‐day feeding regimen: the first group served as a control, receiving a commercial diet; the second group received a basal diet mixed with 1 × 107 CFU/g diet of P. putida; and the third group was fed a basal diet mixed with 1 g/kg diet of dried S. cerevisiae, resulting in a final concentration of 107 CFU/g of feeds. After 2 months of supplementation, various parameters including survival rate, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, serum lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila were evaluated.ResultBoth probiotic‐treated groups exhibited significant improvements compared to the control group. Specifically, enhanced survival rates, body weight gains, feed conversion rates, and specific growth rates were observed in the probiotic‐treated groups. Moreover, these groups demonstrated increased serum lysozyme, phagocytic, and nitroblue tetrazolium activities, indicative of an improved immune response. Notably, the probiotic‐treated groups displayed enhanced resistance against A. hydrophila infection. Histopathological examination revealed that P. putida significantly augmented the nonspecific immune response in Nile Tilapia.ConclusionThis preliminary study underscores the potential benefits of P. putida supplementation in Nile Tilapia diets. The inclusion of P. putida resulted in enhanced growth performance, improved immune status, and effective control of A. hydrophila infection. These findings suggest that P. putida holds promise as a valuable component in feed mixtures for promoting the growth and health of Nile Tilapia.

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF GIANT GOURAMY (Osphronemus gouramy) THROUGH THE ADDITION OF CHITOSAN AND PROBIOTICS

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum level of addition of chitosan and probiotics in feed to increase the growth rate and daily feed consumption of giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy). The method used in this research is an experimental method of completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of five treatments and three replications. The treatments used were (A) without giving chitosan and probiotics (control), (B) giving chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics at 10 ml/kg feed, (C) giving chitosan at 7.5 g /kg feed and probiotics at 15 ml/kg feed, (D) chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics at 20 ml/kg feed, (E) chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics of 25 ml/kg feed. The parameters measured were absolute length absolute weight, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency ratio (EPP), survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using the Anova test at the 5% level. The results showed that the addition of different concentrations of chitosan and probiotics to commercial feeds could affect growth, and EPP but did not affect the survival rate of giant gouramy. The results obtained during the study showed that treatment C with the addition of chitosan of 7.5 g/kg of feed and probiotics of 15 ml/kg of feed resulted in the highest absolute length growth of 4.87 cm, the highest absolute weight growth of 19,35 g, the highest daily growth rate was 46,08%, the feed efficiency was 91,5% and survival rate was 97,78%. Whereas in terms of the effectiveness of treatment B with the addition of chitosan 7.5 g/kg of feed and less probiotics, namely as much as 10 ml/kg of feed, the treatment was as good as treatment C.

The metagenomic and metabolomic profile of the gut microbes in Chinese full-term and late preterm infants treated with Clostridium butyricum

The present study investigated the composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbes in full-term and late-preterm infants from a medical center in eastern China. A total of 144 genomes of stool samples were captured for 16S rRNA metagenomic analyses. A high abundance of commensal intestinal bacteria was detected in these samples such as Phocaeicola vulgatus, Escherichia coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a relatively consistent diversity of gut microbes in the present full-term infants aged 38–40 weeks. However, late preterm infants (n = 50) with mandatory antimicrobials feeding exhibited lower diversity but a higher composition of opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus species. Centralized on the situation, we explored the regulatory effect of Clostridium butyricum as probiotics on these late preterm infants. The consumption of C. butyricum did not restore the composition of gut microbes altered by antimicrobials to normal levels, although several opportunistic pathogens decreased significantly after probiotic therapy including Staphylococcus aureus, Sphingomonas echinoides, and Pseudomonas putida. We also compared the effects of day-fed versus night-fed probiotics. Intriguingly, the nighttime feeding showed a higher proportion of C. butyricum compared with probiotic day-feeding. Finally, fecal metabolome and metabolites were analyzed in late preterm infants with (n = 20) or without probiotic therapy (n = 20). The KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that vitamin digestion and absorption, synaptic vesicle cycle, and biotin metabolism were significantly increased in the probiotic-treated group, while MSEA indicated that a series of metabolism were significantly enriched in probiotic-treated infants including glycerolipid, biotin, and lysine, indicating the complex effects of probiotic therapy on glutathione metabolism and nutrients digestion and absorption in late preterm infants. Overall, this study provided metagenomic and metabolomic profile of the gut microbes in full-term newborns and late preterm infants in eastern China. Further studies are needed to support and elucidate the role of probiotic feeding in late preterm infants with mandatory antimicrobial treatment.

The effect of probiotic supplements "Hydrolaktiv" and "Multibacterin" as part of the treatment and prevention regimens of gastrointestinal diseases of calves on the level of protein metabolism

The aim of the study was to establish the effect of probiotic supplements "HydroLaktiV" and "Multibacterin" as part of the treatment and prevention regimens of gastrointestinal diseases of calves on the level of protein metabolism.The study was conducted on newborn calves, of which three groups were formed according to the principle of analogues: one control (group 1) and two experimental (group 2 and group 3). Animals of all groups were kept in identical conditions. From the fourth day of life until the age of sixty, calves of all groups, according to the scheme adopted in the experimental farm, were fed kefir prepared with the use of the enzymatic feed additive "GastroVet", from the age of ten the animals began to be accustomed to coarse feeds by laying out first-class hay and starter feed (KK-62) in feeders. Additionally, the calves of the second experimental group were added to kefir with a feed additive "HydroLaktiV" at a dose of 15.0 g per head twice a day, and the calves of the third experimental group received the biocomplex "Multibacterin" at a dose of 1.0 ml per 10.0 kg of body weight twice a day.Blood collection from the studied animals was carried out from the jugular vein 30 minutes before feeding in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics. Blood serum was used for biochemical studies. The latter were performed on a Clima MC-15 semi-automatic analyzer, taking into account the following indicators: total protein, albumin, α-, β- and γglobulins.It has been established that the use of probiotic feed additives "HydroLaktiV" and "Multibacterin" as part of the treatment and prevention regimens of gastrointestinal diseases of calves has a positive effect on the normalization of protein metabolism, manifested in the maintenance of homeostasis, restoration of humoral immunity of animals after illness, as well as normalization of digestion and metabolic processes.

Microstructure of the organs of the digestive canal of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> against the background of the use of probiotics

The African clary catfish is an exotic fish, so its breeding in our climate is carried out in closed water supply systems. The microbiota that is located in the gastrointestinal tract consists of various bacteria, and among them the most common are enterococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, etc. They perform a number of functions, such as participation in digestion, synthesis of vitamins, preventing the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, etc. d. The purpose of our work is to study the effect of dietary supplements on the degree of development and microstructure of the digestive canal organs of Clarias gariepinus fry. The material for the study was marbled catfish fry 30 and 60 days old, which were divided into three experimental groups according to the principle of analogue pairs. For a month after hatching, they were fed with food with the addition of a dry lyophilized culture of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp complex. bulgaricus with Bifidobacterium lactis, as well as a probiotic with Enterococcus faecium. At the end of the experiment, histological studies of the digestive canal organs were carried out using our improved method. The results of histological studies showed that, against the background of the use of probiotic feed additives of various compositions, changes in the structure of the wall of the esophagus and stomach of experimental fry are observed. In the epithelial plate of the esophageal wall, against the background of the use of a complex of lactoand bifidobacteria, the number of mucous and chloride cells visually increases. The degree of development of gastric glands after adding Enterococcus faecium to the feed is more pronounced by 30 days of age, and in 2-month-old fry their number is visually greater in fish using a complex of lactoand bifidobacteria. The study of the microstructure of organs proves that the use of these biological additives has a positive effect on the growth and development of the digestive tract organs of the African clariid catfish.

Use of probiotic preparations to increase productive qualities in goats: a review

An analytical review of scientific publications on probiotics in goat breeding was carried out. It has been established that the most popular probiotic microorganisms in goat farming are bacteria of the species Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and single-celled yeast of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Including probiotic microflora in the diet increases the number of bacteria in the rumen contents of goats. Reducing the number of Clostridia and Escherichia coli in animal faeces is achieved by replacing the native faecal microflora with streptococci and lactic acid bacteria. It has been shown that feeding probiotic preparations is accompanied by an improvement in the metabolic status in the body of goats and is expressed by an increase in the concentration of total protein and its fractions, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, macro- and microelements in the blood of animals, and optimisation of lipid metabolism. Probiotics help preserve villi and inhibit inflammation of the intestinal epithelium of animals, exhibit antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties, and help reduce putrescine concentration in faeces. Feeding probiotics ensures an increase in daily milk yield, fat and protein content by increasing the digestibility of diet solids, primarily crude fibre. The probiotic potential of some microorganisms is expressed in increased concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in goat milk and meat with a decrease in the atherogenic index of raw materials. The use of drugs helps to increase the absolute increase in live weight of goat kids against the background of the harmonious development of the physique of young animals due to the production of microbial phytase, a decrease in the redox potential of chyme and an increase in the number of microorganisms that consume lactic acid. Some authors report the absence of a significant effect when using probiotics in feeding lactating animals and raising goat kids.

Microencapsulated Probiotics in Feed for Beef Cattle are Better Alternative to Monensin Sodium

The use of antibiotics and other growth-promoting agents in animal feed has been a common practice in the animal industry for many years. However, concerns about the potential risks associated with these agents have led to increased interest in alternative approaches, such as the use of probiotics. This research evaluated the potential benefits associated with the use of microencapsulated probiotics in feed salt for beef cattle compared to the commonly used ionophore antibiotic, monensin sodium. The results of the in vitro test showed that the microencapsulated probiotic treatment led to higher degradability of several dietary components, including dry matter (11% higher) and organic matter (8% higher). An in vivo test was performed on 270 animals on different farms, revealing a higher daily weight gain (115 g/day/animal) in animals fed the microencapsulated probiotics over the monensin sodium treatment. Significant differences in body weight gain among the diets were found using Monte Carlo simulation, which allows us to infer that the diets with a better feed conversion index offered a better gross margin. Overall, the use of microencapsulated probiotics in feed salt for beef cattle shows promise as a potential alternative to monensin sodium.

Compound Bacillus alleviates diarrhea by regulating gut microbes, metabolites, and inflammatory responses in pet cats

BackgroundPet cats frequently have diarrhea in their daily life. Bacillus has a protective role that has crucial beneficial functions on intestinal homeostasis. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the compound Bacillus on the prevention of diarrhea, microbiota and metabolism in pet cats. A total of 20 pet cats (1–2 years old, 3.91 ± 0.92 kg) were randomly divided into two groups and fed with a basal diet (Control group), or a basal diet supplemented with 3 × 109 CFU/kg compound Bacillus (Probiotics group). The experiment lasted 33 days.ResultsResults showed that the compound Bacillus significantly reduced the rate of soft stools and diarrhea in pet cats compared with the control group (P < 0.05, n = 10). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the probiotics group significantly decreased the content of IL-1β and IL-6 and significantly increased IL-10 (P < 0.05, n = 6) in the serum. In addition, feeding probiotics significantly increased the abundance of p_Patescibacter and g_Plectosphaerella, decreased the abundance of p_Firmicutes, p_Gemmatimonadetes, g_Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, g_Ascochytahe and g_Saccharomyces in the feces of the pet cats (P < 0.05, n = 6). And it also can significantly increase the content of total SCFAs, acetic acid and butyric acid in the feces (P < 0.05, n = 6). The fecal and serum metabolomics analyses revealed that most fecal and serum compounds were involved in metabolism, particularly in chemical structure transformation maps and amino acid metabolism. Also, eugenitol and methyl sulfate were the most significantly increased serum metabolites, and log2FC were 38.73 and 37.12, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that changes in serum metabolism and fecal microbiota were closely related to immune factors. There was also a strong correlation between serum metabolites and microbiota composition.ConclusionsThe results of this research highlight the potential of the compound Bacillus as a dietary supplement to alleviate diarrhea in pet cats.