Private Sector Universities Research Articles

Perceptions of Teachers Regarding Teachers’ Assessment Process at Universities of Balochistan

The study was sought to explore the perceptions of teachers regarding teachers’ assessment process at universities of Balochistan and to discover the perceptions of teachers regarding the process of annual confidential reports (ACRs) at Universities of Balochistan. A cross sectional descriptive design was adopted. All the faculty members of public and private sector universities of Quetta constituted the population. Convenient sampling technique has been used to select 93 teachers for data collecting data through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data. Findings of questionnaire from teachers stated that majority of respondents 76(81.7%) said they have regular feature of teacher’s assessment. Maximum respondents 68 (73.! %) answered in yes about teacher's assessment ACRs are used in department. Most of teachers 72 (77.4%) agreed that Peer review is essential part of teacher's assessment. Majority of respondents 63 (67.7%) agreed in yes that Opinions of students are also included in the assessment procedure. Majority of respondents 63 (67.7%) answered in no that they know the result of ACR. Maximum respondents 70 (75.3%) answered in yes that ACRs provide the vital input for assessing your performance. Maximum respondents answered in No that chairperson ever take any action against the poor ACR findings of any teacher.

Selection of Library Materials in the University Libraries of Pakistan: A Survey of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Selection process is naturally at the heart of collection development. Sound book selection policies and practices devised from the information needs of the users’ community play a fundamental role in the development of strong collection. This current study was an attempt to investigate the selection policies and procedures adopted by, the activities and behaviors exhibited by, and the outcomes produced by the university libraries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study adopted a survey method and included all those well-established public and private sector universities, which were chartered by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and recognized by HEC, till 31st December, 2012 in the province (Public = 17 and Private = 9, Total 26 universities). The population of this study was the senior library professionals working in the central libraries of the main campuses of all the universities of the province. Findings of the study show that university libraries of the province adopt a variety of methods for selecting library materials including selection through purchase committees, centralized selection by the central libraries and decentralized selection. However, centralized selection procedures with faculty influence is more prominent and dominating in all the universities of the province. The study suggested a dire need of collaboration between faculty and library professionals for effective collection development in the university libraries of Pakistan.

Perceived Stress, Poor Sleep Quality, and Mental Well-being in Young Adults

This study intended to identify the correlation between perceived stress (PS), Poor sleep quality (PSQ), and mental health. The hypothesis indicated that there could be a link between PS, PSQ, and mental well-being in young people. A sample of 488 young adults aged between 19 and 25 years (M = 20.38 and SD = 1.76), men (n = 244) and women (n = 244), was obtained from different private and government sector universities. Convenience sampling strategy: Participants were approached and data was collected. PS, PSQ, and mental well-being were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PS Scale, and Warwick. The Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Pearson product-moment correlation and moderation analysis using AMOS were used to test the hypotheses. Additional finding t-tests were used for independent samples. The study found that PS was positively connected with PSQ but unfavourably linked with mental well-being. Further research revealed substantial differences in young adults' feelings of stress, poor sleep, and mental health based on gender, university, and family structure.

Disturbed Eating Attitude and Body Shape Apprehension in University Students in Karachi, Pakistan

Eating attitudes play a crucial role in the overall well-being of individuals, particularly among university students who often face various academic, social, and personal stressors. Objective: To examine eating attitudes and body shape apprehensions among university students in Karachi, Pakistan, with a particular focus on private and public institutions. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized to address this objective, selecting 200 students from private sector universities and 200 from public sector universities in Karachi, Pakistan, using purposive sampling. The participants, aged between 19 and (M=22.55, SD=1.813), completed a respondent's profile form, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and the Body Shape Questionnaire-16. Results: The findings revealed that undergraduates in public universities exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of disturbed eating attitudes compared to their counterparts in private universities. However, both groups of students experienced body image concerns at a relatively similar level. Additionally, first-year students in both private and public universities demonstrated significantly higher levels of body shape apprehension and disturbed eating attitudes compared to final-year students. Furthermore, students in social sciences exhibited more body shape apprehension and disturbed eating attitudes than their counterparts in science, engineering, and management faculties in both university sectors. Conclusions: This study underscores the noteworthy issue of disturbed eating attitudes and body shape concerns among university students in Karachi. To curb this problem among undergraduates, diligent monitoring and preventive measures are imperative.

The Attributes and Areas for Improvement of Early Career Engineers in Sri Lanka

Over two thousand engineering graduates enter the job market in Sri Lanka annually from state and private sector universities. There is a growing concern in the industry whether those graduates have attained the required expectations of the employers. Academic literature also lacks sufficient evidence to demonstrate Sri Lankan early career engineers' strengths and areas for improvement. This study explores the strengths and areas for improvement of early career engineers from the perspectives of senior employer engineers in Sri Lanka. This study was conducted qualitatively by holding semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a purposively selected sample of twenty-two employer engineers. Voice-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed employing the inductive thematic analysis method. Analysis has revealed that enhanced technical knowledge, analytical skills and computer literacy are the strengths of early career engineers, while money-mindedness, negative attitudes, sticking only to the job role and lack of hard-working skills, interpersonal skills and practical knowledge as the areas for improvement of present-day early career engineers in Sri Lanka. Further, few employer engineers have suggested modifying the university education system and educating academics & training engineers to guide engineering undergraduates on the proper path to achieve the career success.

Comparison of Satisfaction of Students in Public and Private Sector Colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: Student satisfaction in educational institutions is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors. In Pakistan, the distinction between public and private sector education provides a unique context to study these factors. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving educational standards and student experiences in these sectors. Objective: This study aims to compare and analyze the factors affecting student satisfaction in public and private sector colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It seeks to identify key determinants of student satisfaction and challenges faced by students in these educational settings. Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Eight students from both public and private sector universities in Pakistan were interviewed. The interviews comprised five targeted questions designed to explore factors influencing student satisfaction. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts to identify recurring themes and patterns. The data were assessed using SPSS version 25 to provide a nuanced understanding of these themes. Results: The study revealed that student satisfaction in both sectors is influenced by the quality of teaching, availability of resources, cleanliness, and access to technologically advanced equipment. Key challenges identified include economic constraints, teaching methods, lack of technological resources, and political influence in educational settings. The thematic analysis indicated that improving teaching quality, resource allocation, and infrastructure are vital for enhancing student satisfaction. Conclusion: The study concludes that student satisfaction in Pakistani educational institutions is contingent on a variety of factors, with significant differences observed between public and private sectors. It highlights the need for targeted improvements in teaching methods, resource provision, and infrastructure development. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and educational administrators in Pakistan to enhance the quality of education and student experiences.

Motivation of Learning English Language by The Administrative and Academic Support Staff at Workplace in A Private Sector University in Karachi

Introduction: Recently, institutions have promoted English language ability among personnel to improve communication with students and professors. Many employees may lack motivation to learn or use English at work. Language learning motivation might be integrative, instrumental, or both. This study examines administrative and academic support staff's English learning motivation at a Karachi private institution. Problem Statement: Some university staff may lack motivation to study English, despite its relevance. Staff English language acquisition strategies can benefit from understanding motivation. Methodology: This quantitative study assessed administrative and academic support staff English learning motivation. Data was acquired using a modified Kitjaroonchai (2012) questionnaire. Participants' motivation mean scores were interpreted using Degang (2010). Mean scores and standard deviation were used in data analysis. Results/Findings: The study found that most participants were very motivated to learn English interactively and instrumentally. This implies that Karachi's private university's administrative and academic support staff value language acquisition. Future Direction: Future research could identify the causes of this study's high motivation. Interventions to improve English language learning and staff assistance could also be tested. Understanding and tackling motivation hurdles can help university personnel learn English

Cracking the code: The influence of personality traits on knowledge management culture and sharing behavior

This research endeavors to ascertain the extent to which a knowledge-centered culture fosters the propensity for knowledge sharing within private universities. Furthermore, it seeks to discern the specific facets of the Big Five Personality Traits model that wield a moderating influence on the intricate nexus between knowledge-centered culture and the inclination to share knowledge. The methodology entailed the judicious application of stratified proportionate random sampling to solicit data, with academic staff from private universities constituting the respondent pool. The acquisition of research data transpired through the administration of a self-conducted questionnaire. The outcomes of this investigation unveil a positive correlation between a knowledge-centered culture and the propensity for knowledge sharing—a pivotal finding with far-reaching implications. Moreover, the findings illuminate that individuals exhibiting higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness play a constructive moderating role in the interplay between knowledge-centered culture and knowledge-sharing behavior. Conversely, those with elevated scores in openness tend to exert a counterproductive moderating influence on this relationship. Intriguingly, the research also establishes that personality traits like agreeableness and neuroticism do not wield significant influence, as they fail to confer any notable moderating effect within the context of the correlation between knowledge-centered culture and knowledge-sharing behavior. The implications of this study are manifold and extend to the realm of academic leadership, offering a nuanced framework to devise policies and strategies that bolster knowledge sharing among academicians by fostering a nurturing knowledge culture. The findings also hold salience for upper echelons of private sector universities, especially within developing nations, and for policymakers seeking to sculpt and enact efficacious policies conducive to augmenting knowledge-sharing behavior. This, in turn, is anticipated to catalyze heightened work performance and operational efficiency.

Determining the Role of Government and Administration in Influencing Student’s Satisfaction: A Perspective of Teachers from Public and Private Sector Colleges

Background: The quality of education in higher institutions is a crucial factor influencing student satisfaction, with the role of government and administration being particularly significant. In Pakistan, the differing impacts of these factors in public and private sector colleges raise important questions regarding their effectiveness in enhancing student satisfaction. Objective: This study aims to analyze the role of government and administration in developing student satisfaction in private and public sector medical colleges in Pakistan, providing insights into the dynamics between government policies, administrative practices, and student satisfaction. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with five teachers from both private (n=3) and public (n=2) sector medical colleges in Pakistan. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data, focusing on the relationship between government and administration roles and student satisfaction. Results: The findings reveal a complex relationship between government initiatives, administrative efficiency, and student satisfaction. In public colleges, the lack of efficient administrative follow-up hinders the effective implementation of government policies, adversely affecting student satisfaction. In contrast, private colleges demonstrate a more effective alignment between government policies and administrative execution, leading to enhanced student satisfaction. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for improved administrative practices in public colleges to effectively translate government policies into positive student experiences. It underscores the importance of a synergistic approach where government initiatives and administrative efficiency work hand in hand to enhance student satisfaction in both public and private sector colleges.

The Role of Parents in Influencing Student’s Satisfaction: A Perspective of Teachers from Public and Private Sector Colleges of Pakistan

The role of teachers in facilitating the development of improved circumstances has been identified as the main factor determining feasibility. The primary categorization in this regard pertains to their perception of parental involvement in order to improve student satisfaction. Objective: To assess the perceptions of teachers in public and private sector colleges in Pakistan on the role of parents and their involvement in impacting student satisfaction. Method: The study design chosen for this research is qualitative research and the data collection technique is interview. A total of 10 participants were included in this research and the participants were teachers who have been working in public and private sector colleges in Pakistan. The data analysis approach taken for this study is thematic analysis. Results: A total of 5 themes are included and it is found that factors that impact student satisfaction and performance include; student independence, promoting a learning environment at home, time management, offering positive reinforcement, emotional support, parental communication, active listening, and encouraging curiosity. It is also found that perceptions of parents on public and private colleges are linked to income, resources support, socioeconomic factors, education level of parents, and quality of education, and the challenges faced by teachers in building teacher-parent positive relationships comprise of lack of awareness, unrealistic expectations, language barriers, and cultural factors. Conclusions: It is addressed that the role of parents in impacting student satisfaction is significant according to teacher's perception in private and public colleges in Pakistan.

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTED BY RESEARCH SUPERVISEE IN HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR

Despite the progress in gender equality, women face persistent challenges in their professional careers, especially in educational organizations. Study focuses on academic journey of female researchers, emphasizing systemic disparities, unequal funding opportunities, and challenges in married life. Research aims to examine the discomfort levels among female researchers, particularly concerning harassment and personal questions posed by male supervisors. To highlight systemic disparities affecting academic journey of female researchers, such as unequal funding opportunities and challenges in married life. To examine variability among female researchers, mixed-methods approach was used with descriptive design, including the female researchers from various academic departments in government & private sector universities. Sample comprised 250 respondents from WU Multan, EU Multan, IS Punjab, & Riphah University. Female scholars reported feeling comfortable in conversations with female supervisors, show significance of gender dynamics in mentorship relations. The study underscores necessity of addressing gender-specific obstacles as well as implementing targeted interventions to create equitable & supportive academic environment for female researchers.

Role of Teachers' Engagement in Student's satisfaction with Medical College: A Comparison of Private and Public Sector Colleges

Student satisfaction is a complex result influenced by the standard of instruction, available resources, the campus community, support services, and the overall atmosphere of the institution. Since teacher engagement has a significant impact on students' learning experiences, educational institutions should give priority to strategies that increase teacher engagement. Objective: This study investigates the ever-changing elements that impact student satisfaction at our higher education institution by conducting in-depth interviews with a varied range of students. Methods: The sample size kept in the study was 30 (15 from public and 15 from private sector). The researchers utilised thematic analysis to extract significant findings from the participants' replies to inquiries regarding teaching excellence, available resources, community involvement, support services, and institutional regulations. Results: The results involve the presence of a robust sense of belonging and comprehensive support services, coupled with the various problems encountered by students, offered multifaceted insights into the whole educational journey. It has been examined that teachers have an important and major role in satisfaction of students in both private and public sector. The findings provide useful insights for institutional decision-makers seeking to improve student satisfaction and the overall learning environment. Conclusions: Students’ satisfaction was affected by many complex factors. Customized feedback, a variety of teaching styles, and easier access to specialized resources were suggested, but engaging teaching methods, helpful faculty, and well-equipped resources were praised.

The Impact of Impression Management Tactics on Faculty Job Performance: A Study of Private Sector Universities of Peshawar

Impression management (IM) is a conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction and which can also be used as a metaphor for human social interaction. Impression Management tactics are broadly categorized into five to help people, to understand and use IM tactics in an organizational setting: ingratiation, intimidation, self-promotion, supplication, and exemplification. Impression management has been associated with the positive performance in workplace. In this study, purposive-cum-snow ball sampling techniques are used to collect primary data from the targeted audience i-e, the faculty of the private university. According to literature studies, employees are pushed to comprehend impression management and the associated strategies by the competitive and dynamic atmosphere in educational sector, which has a favorable impact on their job performance. Analysis of the results revealed that ingratiation, self-promotion and exemplification has significant impact on job performance. In contrast to the hypothesis, exemplification show negative impact on the overall job performance, while intimidation has significant negative impact on employee’s job performance. The supplication tactics of impression management were removed during factor loading because of its multifaceted nature. The findings will help to strengthen horizontal and vertical social interactions with particular focus on impression management tactics, which can have an impact on job performance.

INFLUENCE OF RESEARCH ATTITUDE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL APPROACH

The existing study aimed to scrutinize the impact of research attitudes on students' academic achievement. The researcher delineated measures of the research attitude and academic achievement of health and physical education students enrolled in research, the relationship between research attitude and academic achievement of health and physical education students enrolled in research, and analyzed the effects of research attitude upon academic achievement of health and physical education students enrolled in research. The study focused on the population of both private and public sector universities in KP, Pakistan. The sample comprised male and female students in the field of physical education who were actively involved in research activities. Data collection utilized an adapted version of the Attitude towards Research (ATR) instrument. A cross-sectional approach was employed for data gathering, and the researcher applied inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings revealed a negative correlation between research attitudes and academic achievement. Moreover, the study uncovered adverse effects of research attitudes on the academic success of health and physical education students enrolled in research programs.

Nurturing the Entrepreneurial Path: Unraveling the Interplay Between Entrepreneurial Mindset and Intention Through the Lens of Entrepreneurial Culture

Purpose: Developing entrepreneurial intention (EI) among students is become an important phenomenon. This study explores the role of entrepreneurial education (EE) and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) towards EI directly and indirectly through entrepreneurial culture (EC). Design/Methodology/ Approach: The researcher applied quantitative methods to assess the proposed aim of the study. The study's respondents are students of different public and private sector universities in Egypt. Finally, the investigation concludes the results based on 272 samples. Findings: In the outcome, EE and ESE have a notable impact on the development of an EI. Additionally, the study highlights the effects of EC and entrepreneurial mindset (EMS) on EI. In mediation, the EC acts as a mediator between EE and EI. However, the EC negatively mediates the connection between ESE and EI. Research, practical and social implications: The practical implications of this research point towards developing targeted educational programs to nurture an EMS and enhancing organizational cultures to support and encourage EI. Both approaches aim to create an environment that stimulates entrepreneurial thinking and action, whether at the individual or corporate level. Originality/ value: This study aims to fill the gaps in the empirical assessment of EI among university students in Egypt.

Continuing Professional Development for Lis Professionals in University Libraries of Punjab

A study was conducted to assess the competencies, needs, and trends in continuing professional development for Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals in university libraries in Punjab, Pakistan. The study covered both public and private sector universities and included sub-campuses. Data was gathered through convenience sampling using questionnaires distributed through various methods. The findings revealed that LIS professionals were well-versed in certain aspects of their field, such as library advocacy, ethics, and collection management. However, they exhibited a moderate level of familiarity with other areas, including the lifecycle of information, cataloging standards, and organizational principles. The study identified areas where LIS professionals required further training, including communication skills, knowledge of library history, problem-solving techniques, awareness of social and cultural policies, legal frameworks, and various aspects of information lifecycle management. Additionally, the study identified several barriers to continuing professional development, such as a lack of interest, limited resources, a shortage of experts, inadequate infrastructure, time constraints, unsupportive work environments, and a scarcity of training opportunities in the country. In summary, the study highlighted the need for targeted professional development opportunities for LIS professionals in Punjab, Pakistan, while recognizing the challenges they face in accessing such opportunities.

Factors Behind Virtual Reality (VR) Enactment for Netflix Watching in Pakistan: An Integrated SEM-ANN-based Study

From the Netflix perspective, "entertainment is just like you eat buffet." In this regard, Netflix services prefer to deploy modern technology solutions that facilitate the consumers regularly. By keeping in view the potential integration of modern technology in Netflix watching, the current study adopted an integrated SEM-ANN technique to scrutinize some basic characteristics of Netflix as dynamic mechanisms of Virtual Reality (VR) adoption in Pakistan. The current research used a self-proposed study model and randomly selected a sample of n= 400 students from n= 4 private sector universities in Islamabad. The analysis, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) results, indicated several significant associations. Specifically, it was observed that social influence, satisfaction, and relevance were notably linked with Netflix usage. Additionally, there was a robust and statistically significant relationship between Netflix usage, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention. Furthermore, perceived ease of use and behavioral intention demonstrated significant correlations with virtual reality adoption. In the subsequent Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis, an accuracy of 51.1% was achieved during the training phase and a further improvement to 54.4% during the testing phase. In light of these results, while adopting technology in Pakistan may have been relatively gradual, the transition from conventional media to social TV, integrated with VR, marks the inception of a new technological era in the country. This shift holds important implications for the media landscape and consumer behavior. Finally, the study limitations and contributions have also been discussed accordingly.

A Pathway leads to Quality Tertiary Education via the change in Learning Technologies and Students’ Academic Self-Concept with the intervention of Students’ Creativity

Since the dawn of civilization, humans have been learning and adapting to new environments and changing scenarios. The fast-paced changing trends in the advancement of educational technology are exercising a push on the Higher Education System to elevate and follow transformation. Moreover, the UN Sustainable Development Goal 4 expands the phenomenon of “Quality Education” by 2030 which suggests building and upgrading the traditional educational environment to a more tech-oriented learning environment.The current study used a quantitative research approach and collected data from a sample of seven nighty eight students from private and public sector universities in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The study proposed four hypotheses investigating direct and indirect relationships between variables, based on Lewin’s Change Model and reinforced by the Social Exchange Theory. The research findings showed that the attitude toward Technological Change positively and significantly influences the Academic Self Concept through the intervention (mediation) of students' creativity. The interrelationship of the variables in the current study model, especially within the tertiary education of Sindh province, has not been extensively researched before. This emphasizes the uniqueness of the research questions developed based on the theoretical framework of the Kurt Lewin Model. Moreover, the study has been updated to incorporate citations and references from recent years. The study's findings indicate that leaders and managers of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) play a crucial role in influencing students' academic self-concept based on their views of the technology resources in the learning environment, particularly in line with HEC Vision 2025 and UN Sustainability Development Goal 4 Quality Education. Moreover, students' academic achievement, contentment level, multidimensional learning, and confidence significantly influence the competitive market and contribute to the educational institution's reputation.

Factors causing stress in conducting research among postgraduate students of public and private sector universities

Abstract
 The purpose of this study was to examine the factor causing stress in conducting research among research scholars of public and private sector universities. Quantitative research method was applied in this study which was descriptive in nature. The data was collected from research scholars by using survey technique. The location for the population was Karachi and Jamshoro. One hundred fifty one scholars were selected as a sample. The results showed that the overall mean score of students was (M=3.6) which indicated the high research stress level in research students of both public and privates universities. Students of public universities faced more thesis writing, supervisor relationship and academic stress than private universities. Stress level in the factors of coursework stress and socio-economic stress was same in public and private universities. The findings of this study are expected to provide new evidence for higher education institutions and result in certain reforms in public and private sector institutions.

Evaluating Impact of Social Media Marketing, Celebrity Endorsement and E-WOM on Online Repurchase Intention with the Mediating Role of Perceived Usefulness

The purpose is to examine the impact of social media marketing, celebrity endorsement and e-wom on online repurchasing intentions with the mediating effect of perceived usefulness. In the continuous survey, assembles made from existing hypotheses, produce hypotheses, embrace frameworks for data arrangement and perform tests to exhibit the proposed hypothesis. The apparel industry is the main unit of analysis throughout the investigation of these variables. Our research is quantitative and also adopts a deductive approach. As a technique for advancing the large name stalwart's things and building up the relationship with the lovers, live trade gatherings (or live transmissions) between the genius force to be reckoned with and the allies can be set up on Instagram. These events could enable the Whiz amazing powerhouse and their allies to interface, which could augment thing bargains(Wahab et al., 2022). Speculatively, this study has shown that the development of disposition parts mental profound approach to acting may not commonly be dependable as a result of explicit factors. In this model, clients' viewpoints and objectives to buy things from enormous name stalwart brands are more grounded when they feel related to the celebrities' lives, triumphs, frustrations, wants, etc, as well as when they have solid areas for a bond with the celebrities, as affirmed by their super individual levels of celebrity love. Customers who show this commitment view themselves as the celebrity awe-inspiring phenomenon’s most noteworthy partners. When something enabling happens to them, they are especially excited about the notable awe-inspiring phenomenon. They could have a merry point of view toward a celebrity stalwart's achievement, for instance, when the celebrity force to be reckoned with gets or even think of them as their ideal accomplice. Along these lines, the buyers would wish to assist the hotshot with compelling to be dealt with's business attempts as undaunted disciples by buying things made by the large name. The survey's unessential revelations are more than likely achieved by the strong levels of respect and wonderment that a larger piece of the purchasers have for the celebrity forces to be reckoned with. This exploration is giving valuable data to the advertisers of Pakistan’s private sector universities in understanding consumers’ needs deeper in order to contribute to the growth of their business. The data is gathered through questionnaires. The data is aggregated through surveys. This specific framework and variables are only being used in Pakistan.