Principles Of Movement Research Articles

New legislation on agricultural cooperation

The article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the trends in the development of Ukrainian legislation in the field of agricultural cooperation. The author notes that the Law of Ukraine dated July 21, 2020 “On Agricultural Cooperation” (the new Law), on the one hand, sets out in detail the basis for the functioning of these business entities, but, on the other hand, its content almost completely eliminates the basic principles of agricultural cooperation established by national legislation and also contradicts the principles of the cooperative movement. There is a general negative trend in the development of legislation on agricultural cooperation. It can be seen already in the Law of Ukraine of November 20, 2012 “On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Agricultural Cooperation”, which is characterized by a “truncated form” (only 16 out of 38 articles remain), a considerable number of reference provisions, and the establishment of advantages for the development of agricultural service cooperation. With the adoption of the new Law, this trend has deepened and consists in the artificial separation of agricultural cooperation from the cooperative system and the gradual loss of its social orientation. This approach is unacceptable and will have a negative impact on the further development of not only agricultural cooperation as a social and legal phenomenon, but also agricultural production and the social sphere of rural areas.

Analysis of calculating level of service for pedestrians

In this paper, several methods of the assessment of pedestrian objects operation based on the level of service are reviewed. Today, there is a problem that should be assessed, particularly how pedestrian paths respond the level of service. Assessment of this level is the most widespread method of determination the objects` quality that relate to the pedestrian operations. Places, where a significant probability of conflict between different flows and their users, are often called intersections. Moreover, on such intersections, particularly with complex road conditions and on which the movement of cyclists, cars, and different vehicles is present, road users face with complicated situations when every of them should be sure in his safety and forecast further actions and decisions of other road users. The most widespread and generally accepted methods of assessment of level of service on pedestrian path, particularly: Highway capacity manual 2000 method, Australian method, method of the trip quality, Landice model and common approach analysis. Vehicles, signal delay, and interaction of pedestrians and cyclists were determined as the main factors that have impact on the level of service of pedestrians at the intersections. Analysis of different methods in the paper allows assessing and identifying the level of service determining the characteristics that could help in solving the questions concerning the comfort of pedestrian movement. In the range of these methods, the principles of vehicles movement and interaction with pedestrians are also reviewed. Other methods relate more to the design of the objects of pedestrian environment than factual movement of pedestrians. To form the whole understanding of the methodology of determination of the level of service of pedestrian objects, we should analyze and compare the values, obtained by different methods.

Relative motion flexion splinting for the rehabilitation of flexor tendon repairs: A systematic review.

Relative motion splinting has been used successfully in the treatment of extensor tendon repairs and has recently been applied in flexor tendon rehabilitation. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify articles reporting use of relative motion flexion (RMF) splinting following flexor tendon repair and to examine indications for use and clinical outcomes. Seven medical databases, four trials registries and three grey literature sources were systematically searched and screened against pre-specified eligibility criteria. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal were independently performed by two reviewers. A total of 12 studies were identified, of which three met the review eligibility criteria: one retrospective case series; one cadaveric proof of concept study; and one ongoing prospective case series. The type of splint (including metacarpophalangeal joint position and available movement), exercise programme, and zone of tendon injury varied between studies. Both case series presented acceptable range of movement and grip strength outcomes. The prospective series reported one tendon rupture and two tenolysis procedures; the retrospective series reported no tendon ruptures or secondary surgeries. We found limited evidence supporting the use of RMF splinting in the rehabilitation of zones I-III flexor tendon repairs. Further prospective research with larger patient cohorts is required to assess the clinical outcomes, patient reported outcomes and safety of RMF splinting in comparison to other regimes. Application of the relative motion principles to flexor tendon splinting varied across the included studies, and we suggest an operational definition of relative motion in this context.

Self‐Motion and Cognition: Plato's Theory of the Soul

AbstractI argue that Plato believes that the soul must be both the principle of motion and the subject of cognition because it moves things specifically by means of its thoughts. I begin by arguing that the soul moves things by means of such acts as examination and deliberation and that this view is developed in response to Anaxagoras. I then argue that every kind of soul enjoys a kind of cognition, with even plant souls having a form of Aristotelian discrimination (krisis), and that there is therefore no completely unintelligent, evil soul in the cosmos that can explain disorderly motions; as a result, the soul is not the principle of all motion but only motion in the cosmos after it has been ordered by the Demiurge.

Analysis and comparison of flexible mechanisms for parasitic motion principle piezoelectric actuator

This paper compares three flexible mechanisms in parasitic motion principle piezoelectric actuator through analytic calculation and experiment investigation. The flexible mechanism used in piezoelectric actuator can be classified into functional shape type and asymmetrical stiffness type. For comparing the benefits of these two types of flexible mechanisms and their hybrid structure, the relation between the force and displacement of three flexible mechanisms are deduced using matrix-based compliance modeling method. Also, the dynamic model of parasitic motion principle piezoelectric actuator is used to explore the influence of dimension of flexible mechanism. After that, a prototype and above-mentioned three flexible mechanisms are manufactured and tested, and the motion characteristics of prototype with different flexible mechanisms are investigated, including the step length, velocity and load capacity under different driving voltage and driving frequency. Based on experiment results, the advantages of three flexible mechanisms are analyzed, the hybrid flexible mechanism can achieve fast velocity at medium driving frequency, but asymmetrical stiffness flexible mechanism shows greater motion efficiency and better performance under high driving frequency.

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The article considers the features of public administration in the field of intellectual property and the conceptual basis for the formation of its procedures in the European Union. The conceptual bases of formation and development of procedures of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union are opened. The pluralism of approaches to the definition of public administration procedures in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union is analyzed. The normative-legal base of procedures of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union is given. The acts of the Court of Justice of the European Communities on public administration in the field of intellectual property are analyzed. It is proved that the formation of European private law is due to the purpose of creating and functioning of a common market. It is established that in the national legal systems of European countries the regulation of public relations in the field of intellectual property is given considerable attention. The process of improving the procedures of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the European Union is analyzed and the legal framework of this process is given. A feature of European Union law is to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights through two main mechanisms: harmonization of legislation of member states of the European Union and the introduction of European Union protection documents for various intellectual property. Thus, other partner countries of the European Union, in addition to measures to approximate legislation, may decide on the signing of agreements on entry into the regional European system of protection of certain intellectual property. The member states of the European Union pursue a coherent policy in the field of legal protection and use of intellectual property. Guided by the principle of free movement of goods and services, they focus their efforts primarily on the unification and harmonization of legislation in the field of intellectual property and prevention of the use of intellectual property rights in unfair competition. Within the European Union, a system of direct regulation of the processes of unification and harmonization of legislation in the field of intellectual property, which is especially characteristic of the field of copyright and related rights. The Court of Justice of the European Communities plays a significant role in the unification and harmonization of the legal regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property. In the absence of appropriate harmonization of national legislation in the field of intellectual property with the principles of free movement of goods and services, as well as freedom of competition, proclaimed by the European Union, the importance of the case law of the European Court of Justice is difficult to overestimate. The beginning of unification and harmonization activities in the field of intellectual property protection is preceded by a stage of case law enforcement practice, which allows to identify existing gaps in legal regulation and solve relevant problems. At present, it is a question of the existence of a special system of intellectual property rights of the European Union, formed in its general features, built on principles different from the traditional national ones, with a special subject of regulation. At the same time, this system is a new legal phenomenon that is developing quite dynamically and rapidly along with national and international legal systems. The legal regulation of intellectual property relations in the European Union aims to ensure a high level of protection of these rights, as they are the legal basis for the protection of the results of creative activity. The conclusion about the urgency of research of problems of public administration in the field of intellectual property in the countries of the European Union is made.

The birth of motion capture: Transcribing the phenomena of bodily movement through the “graphic method”

How is the movement of bodies recorded, traced, captured? How is the perception of movement decomposed, analyzed, and then reconstructed through signs, lines, and diagrams? This article traces how, with the help of engineers and collaborators, Etienne-Jules Marey’s self-styled “graphic method” innovated upon existing instruments and photographic apparatuses in order to capture not just the movement of horses’ legs but something of the biomechanical essence of animal movement through the technique of “chronophotographie.” Although inspired by Edward Muybridge’s photographs of horses in motion, for Marey the photographs were not the end result. What he achieved were new ways of transcribing the phenomena of bodily motion. Unlike previous physiologists who thrived on vivisection in the laboratory, Marey took ever greater pains to examine the principles of animal movement in the wild, and built an open-air “station physiologique” in a Parisian park for this purpose. One legacy of Marey’s chronophotographic technique was in the documentation and dissection of human movement, and became acknowledged precursors of the wave of Taylorism which would sweep industrial research in the early 20th century. But another legacy is the capacity to transcribe the phenomena of movement into other forms, externalizing perception across other media.

CLASSIFICATION OF TYPES OF GYMNASTICS

Basic gymnastics is directed to the comprehensive development and strengthening of the body, necessary qualities such as, mastering the general principles of movement, cultivating the physical, moral and volitional in all fields of human activity. The article discusses the types of gymnastics.

3D Reticulated Actuator Inspired by Plant Up-Righting Movement Through a Cortical Fiber Network.

Since most plant movements take place through an interplay of elastic deformation and strengthening tissues, they are thus ideal concept generators for biomimetic hingeless actuators. In the framework of a biomimetic biology push process, we present the transfer of the functional movement principles of hollow tubular geometries that are surrounded by a net-like structure. Our plant models are the recent genera Ochroma (balsa) and Carica (papaya) as well as the fossil seed fern Lyginopteris oldhamia, which hold a net of macroscopic fiber structures enveloping the whole trunk. Asymmetries in these fiber nets, which are specifically caused by asymmetric growth of the secondary wood, enable the up-righting of inclined Ochroma and Carica stems. In a tubular net-like structure, the fiber angles play a crucial role in stress–strain relationships. When braided tubes are subjected to internal pressure, they become shorter and thicker if the fiber angle is greater than 54.7°. However, if the fiber angle is less than 54.7°, they become longer and thinner. In this article, we use straightforward functional demonstrators to show how insights into functional principles from living nature can be transferred into plant-inspired actuators with linear or asymmetric deformation.

Kuhnian Analysis of Why, even after Euler’s Contributions, the Fundamental Principle of Motion is still “Newton’s Second Law”

Background: The F = ma principle was produced by Euler, between 1752 and 1776, and not by Newton in 1687, as is usually brought up in the physics manuals. It took over sixty years of conceptual and mathematical developments to develop this fundamental principle of mechanics. Still, after all this time, the principle continues to be called “Newton’s law”. Objectives: This paper seeks to discuss the possible reasons that led to the omission of Euler’s contributions to the elaboration of the fundamental principle of mechanics. Design: The study fits as documentary analysis, followed by a philosophical analysis of the researched material. Data collection and analysis: Historical research was carried out, using primary and secondary sources, regarding the reasons that led to such omission. After that, four main hypotheses were listed. Thomas Kuhn’s philosophical structure was applied to these hypotheses to support the explanation of the historical omission. Results: From the Kuhnian analysis, the Newtonian paradigm was presented and discussed, of which the principle formulated by Euler is part. Conclusions: The principle remains “Newton’s,” due to being within the Newtonian paradigm; and the conclusion that the principle ought to remain Newtonian matches the image of science within the baselines of the field of science teaching.

Maneuverability and Hydrodynamics of a Tethered Underwater Robot Based on Mixing Grid Technique

The maneuverability and hydrodynamic performance of the tethered underwater robot in a uniform flow field is investigated. In this research, a tethered underwater robot symmetrically installed with NACA66 hydrofoils and Ka 4-70/19A ducted propellers around its main body is first constructed. The method of overlapping grid combined with sliding mesh is applied in the numerical simulations, and the principle of relative motion is adopted to describe the hydrodynamic responses of the tethered underwater robot during the robot manipulation. The reliability of the CFD methods applied in this research is verified by experimental results, and the comparison between numerical and experimental ones shows that there is very little difference being found. The numerical results indicate that computational cost due to the research’s large-scale domain can be effectively reduced by the adopted numerical methods, hydrofoils’ control effect is greatly influenced by the towing speeds, and thrusts issued from the ducted propellers are related to the tethered underwater robot’s position and towing speed.

A comparison of two Tai Chi interventions tailored for different health outcomes

ObjectivesWe compared the health benefits of two different Tai Chi interventions tailored for improving blood pressure (BP) (PRESSURE) or balance (BALANCE). Designrandomized controlled trial. SettingCommunity dwelling older adults (≥60yr) practiced Tai Chi at the fitness center of a continuous care community. InterventionsWe tailored PRESSURE to emphasize breathing techniques and mental relaxation and BALANCE to emphasize movement principles that challenged balance. Subjects were randomized to PRESSURE (n = 12), BALANCE (n = 13), or CONTROL (n = 10). Tai Chi was practiced 3 sessions/wk, 60 min/session for 12 wk. CONTROL performed normal daily activities. Main outcome measuresWe compared the change in cardiometabolic health, balance, and functional fitness between groups with ANCOVA using baseline values, age, and body mass index as covariates. ResultsSubjects were physically active, Tai Chi naive (97.1 %), white, mostly female (82.9 %), and older (78.9 ± 5.7 yr) with resting systolic BP (SBP) of 126.5 ± 14.4 mmHg and diastolic BP of 69.3 ± 8.4 mmHg. PRESSURE significantly improved Chair Sit-to-Stand Test (CSTS) (1.0 ± 1.8 vs.−0.6 ± 0.8times/30s,p = 0.03) versus CONTROL, and gait speed (12.8±43.3 vs.−24.1±22.4cm/sec, p = 0.02) versus BALANCE. Meanwhile, BALANCE significantly improved Single Leg Stance Test (5.4±18.0 vs.−8.2±10.3 s, p = 0.049) and CSTS (1.0±1.7 vs.−0.6±0.8times/30s, p = 0.03), and tended to lower SBP (-4.2±16.0 vs. 3.5±8.3mmHg, p = 0.052) versus CONTROL. ConclusionWithin 3 months, Tai Chi improved several health outcomes independent of the type of practice among physically active, Tai Chi naive older adults. Therefore, healthcare and exercise professionals may recommend Tai Chi to physically active older adults without specifying the type of practice.

Simulation Study of Composite Materials Directional Pipe Based on Visual Prototype

When the flexible deformation of composite materials directional pipe which influences the movement of rocket projectile is considered, the visual prototype is a good approach that calculates the course of rocket projectile launch. In this thesis, the mechanical model of bearing load of composite materials directional pipe is established, and the theory and arithmetic of calculation are expatiated. After the simulation model is established and simulation calculation is done, not only the needed data and results are gained, but also the movement principles of rocket projectile in directional pipe and the dynamic mechanical capabilities of FRP directional pipe are held.

DP 생성 메커니즘을 통한 ‘X’의 고찰 -‘向/往/到+X’구를 중심으로

This study analyzed the DP generation mechanism regarding ‘X’ from a generative grammar point of view, after categorial features of ‘X’ in structures which consist of ‘direction(向/往/到)+X’ were classified into [-V] and [+V]. First, phrases related with ‘De(的)’ has been separated into three types as the DP(Determiner Phrase) with referentiality, the DeP(‘的’-particle Phrase) with modifier function, the NominalP(Nominalization Phrase) to nominalize properties of verbs or adjectives for the DP derivation of [±V]. As for conclusions analyzed, it suggests the results summary in order of the categorial features of ‘X’, the derivation of a DP in [-V] and the derivation of a DP in [+V] below. The categorial features of ‘X’ is summarized as follows. The figure is expressed as a percentage according to being placed before(B) and after(A) the predicate within structure in order of ‘向+X’, ‘往+X’ and ‘到+X’. In case of ‘向 +X’, 92.5%(B) and 93.5%(A) in [-V], 7.5%(B) and 6.5%(A) in [+V] ; in case of ‘往+X’, 84.5%(B) and 100%(A) in [-V], 15.5%(B) and 0%(A) in [+V] ; in case of ‘到+X’, 99.5%(B) and 89.5%(A) in [-V], 0.5%(B) and 10.5%(A) in [+V]. The derivation of a DP in [-V] is summarized as follows. One is that the explicit referential DP includes personal pronoun, only a few of time unit words, a demonstrative pronoun, ‘referential determiner +‘De(的)’+noun’ and so on. They are directly assigned to a ‘D(head)’ from the lexicon and then projected onto the DP. The other is that the implicit referential DP includes bare nouns(proper and common nouns), ‘NumP+ClP+NP’ and phrases by ‘yi(一)’. Bare nouns are projected onto the DP by the head movement principle from a N to a D. The rest can be projected onto the DP by a null determiner because of the head movement constraint. The derivation of a DP in [+V] is summarized as follows. The maximal projection of [+V] can be regarded as the implicit referential DP. NominalP to nominalize properties of verbs or adjectives is projected onto the DP by head movement from a Nominal to a D. AP/VP, AP/VP+(了/裏/處), VdP and CP are constituents to be projected as DeP which modifies null(empty) nouns phonologically. The derivation of a DP related with them is derived by a null determiner. Because the DeP is located in a specifier of a NP, it can not be raised to a D by head movement principle. Furthermore, the movement of a N causes contradiction between surface structures and deep structures. This studied with regard to the DP generation mechanism regarding ‘X’ and then showed only some opinions, this will be willing to do its best to make a progress of a better research continuously.

Development of a support for Black Lives Matter measure among racially-ethnically diverse college students.

This paper developed and validated a new measure of support for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement among a racially-ethnically diverse sample of college students. The measure focuses on the movement's principles of Black liberation, intersectionality, and alliance building. Participants included 1934 college students (75% female) from a large public Southwestern university. The factor structure was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, resulting in an 18-item measure, Support for Black Lives Matter, with two underlying factors. Black Liberation includes 12 items representing support for BLM because of awareness of and challenging structural inequality and racism experienced by Black individuals. Intersectional Values includes six items representing support for BLM because it embraces and affirms marginalized populations within the Black community, especially disabled Blacks, queer Blacks, Black women, and Black families with children. Evidence of criterion-related validity was demonstrated with racial group differences in support of BLM factors. Evidence of convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations between support for BLM factors and critical consciousness (including awareness of racism, classism, and heterosexism), and negative correlations between support for BLM factors and subtle racist attitudes toward Blacks. Measurement invariance was evident between White, Black, Asian American, Latinx, and Multiracial participants. Implications and suggestions for use of the new measure are discussed.

Basic gymnastics as an effective means of enriching the motor experience of young athletes

The article analyzes and summarizes the issue of enriching the motor experience of young athletes in the context of basic gymnastics usage. It is shown that due to the constant internal development, gymnastics is a powerful and universal means of influencing human motor activity through a large number of different physical exercises. It is highlighted that basic gymnastics has passed a difficult path of historical development and arose as a continuation of the Swedish (general development) direction in the development of gymnastics, and its founder is considered to be the Dane Nils Buk. It is noted that basic gymnastics is aimed at the comprehensive development and strengthening of the human body, its mastery of the general principles of movement (formation of a school of movements), the education of physical, moral and volitional qualities necessary in all areas of human activities. The traditional means are the following groups of exercises: marching - joint actions in the order that promote the education of organization and discipline, accustom to joint organized actions, form the correct posture, make it more fit, agile, slender; applied - walking, running, simple jumps, throwing, climbing, carrying loads, balance exercises; general developmental, allowing a person to master such motor skills that he can use to build motor actions of any complexity; free - combinations of different gymnastic exercises in combination with elements of acrobatics and choreography; the simplest acrobatic - combining acrobatic jumps and balancing exercises, including static positions, as well as basic rhythmic gymnastics exercises, exercises in hanging and projectile stops, dance movements, games and relay races. It has been established that the more various motor skills a young athlete has, the easier and faster it is possible to teach him new motor actions.

Wave Propagation for Reaction-Diffusion Equations on Infinite Random Trees

The asymptotic wave speed for FKPP type reaction-diffusion equations on a class of infinite random metric trees are considered. We show that a travelling wavefront emerges, provided that the reaction rate is large enough. The wavefront travels at a speed that can be quantified via a variational formula involving the random branching degrees $\vec{d}$ and the random branch lengths $\vec{\ell}$ of the tree. This speed is slower than that of the same equation on the real line $\mathbb{R}$, and we estimate this slow down in terms of $\vec{d}$ and $\vec{\ell}$. Our key idea is to project the Brownian motion on the tree onto a one-dimensional axis along the direction of the wave propagation. The projected process is a multi-skewed Brownian motion, introduced by Ramirez [Multi-skewed Brownian motion and diffusion in layered media, Proc. Am. Math. Soc., Vol. 139, No. 10, pp.3739-3752, 2011], with skewness and interface sets that encode the metric structure $(\vec{d}, \vec{\ell})$ of the tree. Combined with analytic arguments based on the Feynman-Kac formula, this idea connects our analysis of the wavefront propagation to the large deviations principle (LDP) of the multi-skewed Brownian motion with random skewness and random interface set. Our LDP analysis involves delicate estimates for an infinite product of $2\times 2$ random matrices parametrized by $\vec{d}$ and $\vec{\ell}$ and for hitting times of a random walk in random environment. By exhausting all possible shapes of the LDP rate function (action functional), the analytic arguments that bridge the LDP and the wave propagation overcome the random drift effect due to multi-skewness.

Mutual insurances in Africa: Issues and perspectives

RésuméDès la fin des années 1970, la promotion de la communauté et de la participation des populations au système de santé renforcent l’idée que les mutuelles de santé sont des acteurs potentiellement majeurs de l’extension de la couverture contre les risques de santé. Mais l’histoire de la mutualité en Afrique a été rapidement parsemée d’embûches. Les plans d’ajustement structurel, l’augmentation de la contribution financière des usagers sous l’impulsion de l’initiative de Bamako, ont marqué un coup d’arrêt à l’esprit des mutuelles communautaires. Aujourd’hui les mutuelles sont de nouveau au cœur des initiatives internationales et nationales avec la promotion de la CSU (couverture sanitaire universelle). Mais elles doivent dépasser leurs carences historiques par la professionnalisation et l’obligation d’adhésion. Ce mouvement semble engagé tout en étant confronté au défi de préserver la place des communautés dans les systèmes de santé, principe fondateur du mouvement mutualiste.

The peculiarities of observance of the EU competition law in the conditions of digital environment and the protection of intellectual property rights

The subject of this research is the analysis of interaction between the EU competition law and the intellectual property legislation in the conditions of the development of digital environment. The goal lies in determination of the peculiarities of observance of the EU competition law in the process of implementation and protection of the intellectual property rights. The author dwells on correlation between the principle of free movement of goods and services within the single market and the principle of territorial scope of exclusive rights. Analysis is conducted on the key provisions of the European Commission Regulation, which exclude certain agreements, namely on the transfer of technologies, from the Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The main conclusion lies in the theoretical assumption that the EU legal policy in the sphere of competition in the conditions of the development of the Digital Single Market is aimed simultaneously at protection of competition and protection of the potential of innovations. Reaching the balance between the interests of all parties to the market relations would promote innovations and keep the market open. The scientific novelty of this research consists in comprehensive examination of the main approaches of the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union towards settling disputes in the area of licensing, as well possible abuse by the copyright holders of their dominant position in the conditions of development of the digital environment. The author’s main contribution lies in comprehensive examination of the provisions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union on Protection of Competition from the perspective of implementation and protection of exclusive rights.

A Study on the Use of Textbooks in Physical Education Classes: Education using textbooks including movement principle education

A Study on the Use of Textbooks in Physical Education Classes: Education using textbooks including movement principle education