Principles Of Movement Research Articles

A Novel Bionic Piezoelectric Actuator Based on the Walrus Motion

A novel bionic piezoelectric actuator based on the walrus motion to achieve high performance on large working stroke for micro/nano positioning systems is first proposed in this study. The structure of the proposed walrus type piezoelectric actuator is described, and its motion principle is presented in details. An experimental system is set up to verify its feasibility and explore its working performances. Experimental results indicate that the proposed walrus type piezoelectric actuator could realize large working stroke with only one driving unit and one coupled clamping unit; the maximum stepping displacement is ΔLmax = 19.5 μm in the case that the frequency f = 1 Hz and the voltage U = 120 V; the maximum speed Vmax = 2275.2 μm · s−1 when the frequency f = 900 Hz and the voltage U = 120 V; the maximum vertical load mmax = 350 g while the voltage U = 120 V and the frequency f = 1 Hz. This study shows the feasibility of mimicking the bionic motion of the real walrus animal to the design of piezoelectric actuators, which is hopeful for the real application of micro/nano positioning systems to achieve large working stroke and high performance.

Positioning Performance of a Sub-Arc-Second Micro-Drive Rotary System.

In the macro/micro dual-drive rotary system, the micro-drive system compensates for the position error of the macro-drive system. To realize the sub-arc-second (i.e., level of 1″–0.1″) positioning of the macro/micro dual-drive rotary system, it is necessary to study the positioning performance of the sub-arc-second micro-drive rotary system. In this paper, we designed a sub-arc-second micro-drive rotary system consisting of a PZT (piezoelectric actuator) and a micro rotary mechanism, and used simulation and experimental methods to study the positioning performance of the system. First, the micro-drive rotary system was developed to provide ultra-precise rotary motion. In this system, the PZT has ultrahigh resolution at a level of 0.1 nanometers in linear motion; a micro rotating mechanism was designed according to the composite motion principle of the flexible hinge, which could transform the linear motion of piezoelectric ceramics into rotating motion accurately. Second, the drive performance was analyzed based on the drive performance experiment. Third, kinematics, simulation, and experiments were carried out to analyze the transformation performance of the system. Finally, the positioning performance equation of the system was established based on the two performance equations, and the maximum rotary displacements and positioning error of the system were calculated. The study results showed that the system can provide precision motion at the sub-arc-second and good linearity of motion. This study has a certain reference value in ultra-precision positioning and micromachining for research on rotary motion systems at the sub-arc-second level.

SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENT ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE (Critical Study of the Protest Phenomenon in Indonesia)

This study formulates three problems which include: (1) The principles of the social protest movement from the perspective of Islamic law; (2) Methods and techniques for conducting demonstrations from the perspective of Islamic law; (3) The social impact of demonstrations in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic law. This study uses a qualitative method (descriptive-analytic). Based on the data source is library research (library research). The approach used is the sociological approach of Islamic law and the siyasah fiqh approach. In the perspective of scientific studies, these two approaches are used to understand the phenomenon of demonstrations in Indonesia based on legal arguments contained in the Qur'an and Hadith, the opinions of fuqaha' and opinions that develop (ijitahad) at a time in life. Muslims. Meanwhile, from a methodological perspective, these two approaches are used to provide an interpretation of the methodology of Islamic law on the concept and practice of demonstrations based on social movement theory and Islamic political theory. The results of this study found that: The principles of the Islamic social protest movement are built on the doctrine of rights and obligations between the people and the rulers in an Islamic state which include: the principle of hisbah; The principle of freedom of expression; The principle of deliberation; and constitutional principles. Based on the method of carrying out the demonstration, there are 2 methods, namely the exclusive method and the inclusive method. Based on the technique of holding demonstrations, there are 3 levels, namely: (1) demonstrations with the ability and strength of the masses; (2) demonstration with verbal ability and strength; (3) protest with the ability of the heart. Through the istislahi approach, that Islamic law strongly condemns all demonstration activities that cause harm to religion, soul, mind, descendants and property. On the other hand, he strongly supports all demonstration activities that uphold the five maintenances (Maqasid al-khamsah). That demonstrations are not at all motivated by passion or personal tendencies, let alone to cause damage to the earth. It is an obligation not just an appeal for those who can afford it. The law is fardu kifayah. Turning away from that obligation is the same as carrying oneself That demonstrations are not at all motivated by passion or personal tendencies, let alone to cause damage to the earth. It is an obligation not just an appeal for those who can afford it. The law is fardu kifayah. Turning away from that obligation is the same as carrying oneself That demonstrations are not at all motivated by passion or personal tendencies, let alone to cause damage to the earth. It is an obligation not just an appeal for those who can afford it. The law is fardu kifayah. Turning away from that obligation is the same as carrying oneself.

FLYING SAUCER EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, AERODYNAMICS UNEXPLORED PHENOMENON AND BIRD'S FLIGHT

As a result of experiments with the motion of asymmetrical vibrating bodies in a viscous medium, it was found that the generally accepted idea of such a principle of motion is not correct. In reality, the movement is in the opposite direction. A description of the experiments and the observed effect is given, as well as its interpretation.

Layout exploration for three-dimensional Networks-on-Chip: Chemical equilibrium simulation approach

This study presents a heterogeneous layout approach for three-dimensional Networks-on-Chip (3D-NoCs) based on the idea of chemical equilibrium movement principle to optimize the chip area and the wiring length. In order to evaluate the performance of this layout, a hybrid optimization approach named chemical equilibrium simulation algorithm, combining chemical reaction optimization and simulated annealing algorithms, is used to search the optimal solution together with B*-tree as the coding layout. In addition, based on the metropolis criterion of simulated annealing algorithm, the decomposition or the synthesis of chemical reaction is also applied to avoid getting into the local optimum which is provided double guarantee, and thus offers quality solutions. The proposed approach is tested over the simulator of VNoC3 and compared with the state-of-the-art techniques of the literature. The simulation results indicate that, compared with conventional algorithms, the proposed approach efficiently reduces the communication latency and improves the robustness of latency in the sacrificial time range. Moreover, the proposed hybrid optimization strategy is employed in which the better quality solutions can be established compared with its counterparts.

A novel spatial support mechanism for planar deployable antennas

In this paper, a novel spatial support mechanism for planar deployable antennas is designed based on the motion principle of planar deployable antennas and the spatial mechanism theory. The composition principle of the novel mechanism and its geometric characteristics are analyzed, and its degrees of freedom are calculated based on the constraint topological diagram. Subsequently, kinematic analysis is conducted, and the angular velocity, linear velocity, and linear acceleration of each component in the mechanism are calculated. Then, numerical calculation and simulation are performed to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis results. The performance analysis of the spatial support mechanism is completed. A prototype of the proposed support mechanism is developed and tested to validate the feasibility of the mechanism principle. The present work can provide reference for the design and engineering application of this type of mechanisms.

Effect of uniform incoming flow on vehicle’s hydrodynamics under the same relative velocity

At present, the effect of a uniform stream on the hydrodynamic force or moment under the same relative velocity has been studied mostly in inviscid flow and the results are not consistent. To build the relative motion principle in viscous flow, the relationship of flow fields between the non-stream circumstance and stream circumstance is constructed and the flow field of the steam circumstance is decomposed into the corresponding rest far-field flow and the stream field. Then, hydrodynamic force and moment formulas that are linearly dependent on the distribution of flow field and valid in both viscous and inviscid flow are proposed. Subsequently, the hydrodynamics in the stream circumstances is decomposed according to the flow field decomposition and the uniform stream’s effect is clarified. The correctness of the acquired hydrodynamics transformation formulas is verified by comparing numerical results in both inviscid and viscous flow. At last, the validity of the existing relative motion principle is confirmed or analyzed.

Calculation and regulation of groundwater level based on the stability of groundwater-dependent ecosystem

Human activities have dramatically changed the subsurface flow and caused problems such as salinization and desertification that degrade groundwater-dependent the ecosystem. Taking the shallow groundwater layer as the link, a conceptual model of phreatic water evaporation in arid plains is established. The model analyses the groundwater depth conditions of desertification and salinization in arid areas, and calculates threshold water table required for preventing these problems. The Luocheng Irrigation District at the junction of the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River is taken as an example to study the relation between groundwater depths and ecosystems patterns. The contributions of this study include: ① Describing the soil water movement principle caused by desertification outside the salinized oasis in the arid area, based on which, the method for calculating the threshold groundwater depth for preventing salinization is provided. By calculation, the critical groundwater depth leading to soil salinization is 1.3~1.5 m and the calculated critical groundwater level is 8~13 m; ② Discussing the appropriate values of soil equivalent pore diameter and liquid surface tension used for estimating the maximum rising height of capillary water; ③ Proposing a scheme to regulate the groundwater level regulation via controlling irrigation in the area to protect groundwater-dependent ecosystems while satisfying water demand for irrigation and other purposes.

Design and development of an automated soy chaap making machine

AbstractSoy chaap is a novel textured soy protein, gaining popularity as the best plant‐based protein. Presently, few entrepreneurs are practicing manual techniques to prepare soy chaap using non‐scientific and inappropriate food standards. So far, no machine is available in the public domain for producing quality soy chaap. Therefore, an automated soy chaap making machine was designed and developed, which works based on the principle of simultaneous pulling, rotation, and longitudinal movement of the skewer. It consists of a gluten extractor, dough sheeter cum cutter, and soy chaap wrapping machine. The gluten extractor comprises two helical screws that develop the dough and separates the gluten. The dough sheeter cum cutter is fabricated to transform the dough into the sheet of a dimension required for the wrapping on the next machine. Finally, the soy chaap wrapping machine is used to wrap the sheet on the skewer to develop soy chaap, which is operated by a microcontroller. The developed machine was tested, and the capacity of the machine was found 5 kg/hr (89% efficiency). The energy requirement per hour for producing soy chaap in frozen and canned form was 2.632 and 3.824 kWh, respectively. The machine's total cost was 3,895.45 USD having the cost of production for frozen and canned chaap was found to be 1.35 and 1.75 USD per kg. The developed machine would be a boon for the micro, small, and medium enterprises and others to produce quality soy chaap while getting a better economic return.Practical ApplicationsThe present work can extend the utilization of the soybean in developing a novel product. It produces high‐quality soy chaap with high capacity by reducing dependency on inefficient and unhygienic manual methods. This machine development lays a pavement in setting up the micro, small, and medium enterprises and creates employment opportunities.

Design and Error Compensation Performance of a Precision Micro-Drive Rotary System

In order to obtain motion with large travel and high precision, the micro-drive system is used to compensate for the motion error of the macro-drive system in the macro/micro dual-drive system. The research on the micro-drive rotary system lags behind the micro-drive linear system, so it is of great significance to study the designing and error compensation performance of a precision micro-drive rotary system. In this paper, a precision micro-drive rotary system is designed, the error compensation scheme of the system is proposed, and the system feasibility in design and error compensation is tested by FEM simulation analysis and performance experiments. Firstly, a precision micro-drive rotary system is designed to provide high-precision rotary motion, which consists of a micro rotary mechanism and PZT. In the system, the micro rotary mechanism is developed based on the compound motion principle of flexure hinge, which can accurately transform an input of linear motion into an output of rotary motion according to a certain relationship. Secondly, for finishing the error compensation scheme of the system, the maximum compensation modifier θ max ′ is proposed based on the analysis of error compensation equations of point-to-point motion and continuous motion. Finally, in order to facilitate the use of engineering, the driven voltage equation of error compensation is derived by the error compensation performance experiment. The simulation and experiment results indicate that both the design and error-compensation-range of the system satisfy the needs of practical application.

Sperm migration in the genital tract-In silico experiments identify key factors for reproductive success.

Sperm migration in the female genital tract controls sperm selection and, therefore, reproductive success as male gametes are conditioned for fertilization while their number is dramatically reduced. Mechanisms underlying sperm migration are mostly unknown, since in vivo investigations are mostly unfeasible for ethical or practical reasons. By presenting a spatio-temporal model of the mammalian female genital tract combined with agent-based description of sperm motion and interaction as well as parameterizing it with bovine data, we offer an alternative possibility for studying sperm migration in silico. The model incorporates genital tract geometry as well as biophysical principles of sperm motion observed in vitro such as positive rheotaxis and thigmotaxis. This model for sperm migration from vagina to oviducts was successfully tested against in vivo data from literature. We found that physical sperm characteristics such as velocity and directional stability as well as sperm-fluid interactions and wall alignment are critical for success, i.e. sperms reaching the oviducts. Therefore, we propose that these identified sperm parameters should be considered in detail for conditioning sperm in artificial selection procedures since the natural processes are normally bypassed in reproductive in vitro technologies. The tremendous impact of mucus flow to support sperm accumulation in the oviduct highlights the importance of a species-specific optimum time window for artificial insemination regarding ovulation. Predictions from our extendable in silico experimental system will improve assisted reproduction in humans, endangered species, and livestock.

A walking type piezoelectric actuator based on the parasitic motion of obliquely assembled PZT stacks

In order to decrease the backward motion and improve the motion efficiency, a walking type piezoelectric actuator has been proposed with two ‘legs’ based on the parasitic motion of obliquely assembled PZT stacks. The structure and motion principle of the proposed walking type piezoelectric actuator are described, and its experiment system is set up. Experimental results indicate the proposed piezoelectric actuator could reduce the backward motion effectively. The minimum backward rate α= 2.26% is achieved under the condition of the phase difference θ= 180°, the input voltage U= 120 V and the input frequency f= 1 Hz; the minimum stepping displacement is 0.24 μm under the condition of U= 5 V, f= 1 Hz and θ= 180°; the maximum speed V max is 2472 μm s−1 under the condition of U =120 V and θ= 180°; the maximum vertical load force F Vmax = 6850 g under the condition of U = 120 V, f = 1 Hz and θ = 180°. Furthermore, a dynamic model of the whole walking type piezoelectric actuator is established, and it has been employed to simulate the motion of the proposed walking type piezoelectric actuator. Simulation results present a great agreement of experimental results. This study shows a novel idea for the design of piezoelectric actuators to eliminate the influence of backward motion and improve the output efficiency of the actuator.

Animating and Designing Movements for Turtle Figure in 3D Animated Short Film Entitled “TUKIK”

One of the most important elements in an animated film to convey a message to the audience is animating a character. Character movement in a scene is very necessary to show what is happening and what the character is experiencing in a scene that is being witnessed by the audience. This research will raise the animating process of the turtle character in a 3D animated short film entitled "TUKIK". There are two scenes that will be discussed; a scene when the turtle is swimming in the ocean and the movement when the turtle is trapped by the waste at the beach. In the design process, various principles of animation and movement of turtles are applied based on references. The results of this research will be applied to the movements of the turtle characters in the animated awareness film called "TUKIK".

From the sandy beaches of Crab Creek to the Tarkett of WAAPA: a case study of intrinsic praxis in teaching methods of movement

What are the questions around embodying, and teaching, a praxis that has been in operation since the beginning of time? How can this knowledge be taught geographically far away from the source of the knowledge – off ‘country’ – as is the case for Simon Stewart teaching principles of movement, knowledge that spans a millennia, which now make marks on the soft paddings of a Tarkett dance floor? Simon Stewart is a descendant of the Gooniyandi, Kija and Jaru peoples of the East Kimberley region of Western Australia while Renée Newman originates, many generations ago, from England and Ireland, and they both call Whadjuk Noongar boodjar (the Indigenous land on which the city known as Perth stands) home. They are practicing artists and teachers at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University. This article interrogates the notion of an intrinsic praxis – the intersection of an individual’s internal knowledge/practice systems meeting the spatial, ethical and the political – in a case study marrying movement generation with reflective writing strategies on a class of 2nd year Bachelor of Performing Arts, Performance Making, students. Drawing on Elizabeth Grosz (2001) the paper grapples with the slippage of space, weight and time.

Steamship to Argentina and Runaways: The principle of movement in the poetics of the new literary world

AbstractToday’s world is changing rapidly, and writers are sensitive to these dynamics in their work. This article examines the principle of movement in the poetics of two modern novels: Steamship to Argentina (2014) by the Russian‐German writer Alexei Makushinsky and Runaways (2007) by Polish novelist and Nobel Prize winner Olga Tokarczuk. As the literary analysis demonstrates, the principle of movement is a constitutive element of the artistic whole of these novels. It defines the image of the character, plot, spatial and temporal coordinates, and figurative dimension. The very titles—Steamship to Argentina and Runaways—are metaphorical and esthetically significant. To reflect this significance, the authors of this article offer an alternative translation of the title of Olga Tokarczuk's novel. When published in English, it was titled Flights. However, Runaways is semantically closer to the original Polish Bieguni and, as the article demonstrates, correlates more strongly with the semantic level of the text. Drawing on M. M. Bakhtin's ideas on the historical poetics of the novel, this study concludes that the poetics of Steamship to Argentina and Runaways is a form of representation of the new picture of the world, dynamic and transitional. This new literary world is recreated through the mobile chronotope and translingualism.

4D‐Printed Self‐Shaping Material Systems: Bio‐Inspired Motion Mechanisms: Computational Design and Material Programming of Self‐Adjusting 4D‐Printed Wearable Systems (Adv. Sci. 13/2021)

The technical transfer of plant movement principles offers vast potentials for the development of novel, autonomously actuated structures. In article number 2100411 by Tiffany Cheng, Achim Menges, and co-workers introduces a design and material programming approach for 4D-printing adaptive material systems through a case study of biomimetic design. Based on the force generating mechanism of the air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera), the authors demonstrate the manufacture of a self-tightening orthotic device.

Новели законодавства про сільськогосподарську кооперацію

The article is provided a scientific and theoretical analysis of trends in Ukrainian legislation in the field of agricultural cooperation. The author notes that in the Law of Ukraine of July 21, 2020 «On Agricultural Cooperation» (new Law) on the one hand, describes in detail the basics of functioning of these entities, but, on the other – its content almost completely eliminates the basic principles of agricultural cooperation established by domestic law and also contradicts the principles of the cooperative movement. There is a general negative trend in the development of legislation on agricultural cooperation. It is already traced in the Law of Ukraine of November 20, 2012 «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation», that is characterized by «truncated form» (out of 38 articles, only 16 remained), significant number of reference provisions, establishing advantages for the development of agricultural service cooperation. With the adoption of the new Law, this negative trend has deepened and is in the artificial separation of agricultural cooperation from the cooperative system and the gradual loss of its social orientation. This approach is unacceptable and will negatively affect the further development not only of agricultural cooperation as a socio-legal phenomenon, but also of agricultural production and the social sphere of the countryside. Keywords: principles of agricultural cooperation, agricultural cooperative, agricultural service cooperative, agricultural industrial cooperative, agricultural cooperative which operates without profit, agricultural cooperative which operates for profit

A Study on the Somatic Movement Principles Inherent in <i>KoukSunDo</i>

A Study on the Somatic Movement Principles Inherent in <i>KoukSunDo</i>

Development of a simulated tongue substrate for in vitro soft “oral” tribology study

The tribological principle of the relative movement amongst food particles as well as between food particles and oral surface is considered as an important physical mechanism governing food oral processing and sensory perception. Various in vitro techniques which mimic oral lubrication have been reported in literature, but most of such approaches were not representative of oral features, in particular the substrate. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the topographic characteristics of human tongue and the morphological features of fungiform and filiform papillae. With this background, this work applied imaging technique to investigate distributions of the fungiform and filiform papillae among young Chinese subjects. The distribution and average size of the two types of papillae were analyzed. A significant negative correlation was observed between the density of filiform papillae and average tongue roughness (r = −0.47, p < 0.01). A substrate simulating topographic features as well as mechanical strength of human tongue was fabricated using a moulding technique. The reliability of the substrate was verified by lubrication testing over a wide range of sliding speed and surface load, using water and syrup solutions as model systems. Results show that the current substrate provides a feasible application to soft tribometers for in vitro oral tribology study.

Self-Actuated Paper and Wood Models: Low-Cost Handcrafted Biomimetic Compliant Systems for Research and Teaching.

The abstraction and implementation of plant movement principles into biomimetic compliant systems are of increasing interest for technical applications, e.g., in architecture, medicine, and soft robotics. Within the respective research and development approaches, advanced methods such as 4D printing or 3D-braiding pultrusion are typically used to generate proof-of-concept demonstrators at the laboratory or demonstrator scale. However, such techniques are generally time-consuming, complicated, and cost-intensive, which often impede the rapid realization of a sufficient number of demonstrators for testing or teaching. Therefore, we have produced comparable simple handcrafted compliant systems based on paper, wood, plastic foil, and/or glue as construction materials. A variety of complex plant movement principles have been transferred into these low-cost physical demonstrators, which are self-actuated by shrinking processes induced by the anisotropic hygroscopic properties of wood or paper. The developed systems have a high potential for fast, precise, and low-cost abstraction and transfer processes in biomimetic approaches and for the “hands-on understanding” of plant movements in applied university and school courses.