Principles Of Organization Research Articles

Metaphoric veiled image-schema of kinship organization in ceremonial space: A south Andean case

This study is an interdisciplinary approach to a veiled metaphoric design expressed in the present-day spatial layout of ecologically-derived patronyms of Mapuche lineages and families positioned in public ceremonial plazas. The perspective combines ethnoarchaeological, cognitive, iconographic, oral tradition, allegoric metaphor, and historical approaches to the organization and meaning of this design, taking into account the past and present dimensions of ritual media (e.g., political, ideological and sensorial) to render a concept publicly graspable. Shamans and other informants state that the design represents an ancient foundational schema established for intercommunity political solidarity during times of both peace and conflict in the Spanish colonial and Republican era of the south-central Andes of Chile. Shamans were asked to draw their mental image of the hidden design of the plaza to pictographically reveal its visual representation. By examining the iconography of patronyms depicting a loosely structured order of families hierarchically positioned in ceremonial space, the invisible nature of this pattern and its wider political and kinship meaning is considered. Viewed from an archaeological perspective, this schema is suggested to be associated with a “chiefdom” or intermediate, polity-level society, and may represent a type of mental imagery and template that served as a precursor to the visible iconography on wood, stone, adobe, ceramic, textile and other media of complex Pre-Colombian societies. Ultimately, this schema is a conceptual metaphor: mapping and structuring knowledge of a trophic hierarchy of elements in the natural world to evoke a political and public organizational principle through sensorial experiences and life concerns in the invisible and visible domains of an Andean-like ceremonial format.

New organizational principles and 3D cytoarchitectonic maps of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the human brain.

Areas of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are part of the frontoparietal control, default mode, salience, and ventral attention networks. The DLPFC is involved in executive functions, like working memory, value encoding, attention, decision-making, and behavioral control. This functional heterogeneity is not reflected in existing neuroanatomical maps. For example, previous cytoarchitectonic studies have divided the DLPFC into two or four areas. Macroanatomical parcellations of this region rely on gyri and sulci, which are not congruent with cytoarchitectonic parcellations. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a microstructural analysis of the human DLPFC and 3D maps of cytoarchitectonic areas to help address the observed functional variability in studies of the DLPFC. We analyzed ten human post-mortem brains in serial cell-body stained brain sections and mapped areal boundaries using a statistical image analysis approach. Five new areas (i.e., SFG2, SFG3, SFG4, MFG4, and MFG5) were identified on the superior and middle frontal gyrus, i.e., regions corresponding to parts of Brodmann areas 9 and 46. Gray level index profiles were used to determine interregional cytoarchitectural differences. The five new areas were reconstructed in 3D, and probability maps were generated in commonly used reference spaces, considering the variability of areas in stereotaxic space. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a high degree of similarity within the identified DLPFC areas while neighboring areas (frontal pole, Broca's region, area 8, and motoric areas) were separable. Comparisons with functional imaging studies revealed specific functional profiles of the DLPFC areas. Our results indicate that the new areas do not follow a simple organizational gradient assumption in the DLPFC. Instead, they are more similar to those of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (Broca's areas 44, 45) and frontopolar areas (Fp1, Fp2) than to the more posterior areas. Within the DLPFC, the cytoarchitectonic similarities between areas do not seem to follow a simple anterior-to-posterior gradient either, but cluster along other principles. The new maps are part of the publicly available Julich Brain Atlas and provide a microstructural reference for existing and future imaging studies. Thus, our study represents a further step toward deciphering the structural-functional organization of the human prefrontal cortex.

Dissecting the spatiotemporal diversity of adult neural stem cells.

Adult stem cells are important for tissue turnover and regeneration. However, in most adult systems it remains elusive how stem cells assume different functional states and support spatially patterned tissue architecture. Here, we dissected the diversity of neural stem cells in the adult zebrafish brain, an organ that is characterized by pronounced zonation and high regenerative capacity. We combined single-cell transcriptomics of dissected brain regions with massively parallel lineage tracing and in vivo RNA metabolic labeling to analyze the regulation of neural stem cells in space and time. We detected a large diversity of neural stem cells, with some subtypes being restricted to a single brain region, while others were found globally across the brain. Global stem cell states are linked to neurogenic differentiation, with different states being involved in proliferative and non-proliferative differentiation. Our work reveals principles of adult stem cell organization and establishes a resource for the functional manipulation of neural stem cell subtypes.

Co-development of client involvement in health and social care services: examining modes of interaction

PurposeThe involvement of clients in service encounters and service development has become a central principle for contemporary health and social care organizations. However, in day-to-day work settings, the shift toward client involvement is still in progress. We examined how health and social care professionals, together with clients and managers, co-develop their conceptions of client involvement and search for practical ways in which to implement these in organizational service processes.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical case of this study was a developmental intervention, the client involvement workshop, conducted in a Finnish municipal social and welfare center. The cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) framework was used to analyze the development of client involvement ideas and the modes of interaction during the intervention.FindingsAnalysis of the collective discussion revealed that the conceptions of client involvement developed through two interconnected object-orientations: Enabling client involvement in service encounters and promoting client involvement in the service system. The predominant mode of interaction in the collective discussion was that of “coordination.” The clients' perspective and contributions were central aspects in the turning points from coordination to cooperation; professionals crossed organizational boundaries, and together with clients, constructed a new client involvement-based object. This suggests that client participation plays an important role in the development of services.Originality/valueThe CHAT-based examination of the modes of interaction clarifies the potential of co-developing client-involvement-based services and highlights the importance of clients' participation in co-development.

A Comprehensive Literature Review of Global Leadership Styles: Assessing Universality and Impact on Workforce Motivation

In the contemporary landscape of global business, the dynamics of leadership within multicultural organizations have become increasingly complex. The emergence of globalization has brought new workplace realities that require a better understanding of how to lead and motivate groups to maximize the quality of multicultural group work. While the concept of leadership is inherently universal, transcending borders, and epochs, the diversity of cultures and settings prompts exploration into distinct leadership traits and approaches. This prompts the fundamental question of whether leadership styles possess universal applicability and how the leadership styles can serve as motivating factors in multicultural settings. The study delves into an extensive literature to unravel the intricacies of leadership embedded in various models. It explores the global, cultural, and social contexts within different leadership models considering the global, cultural, behavioral, and contextual dimensions, questioning the extent to which universal leadership principles can be applied in a global context. The interplay of diverse cultures and settings requires a thoughtful consideration of unique leadership approaches. By examining the complexity of leadership, the study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the adaptability and universality of leadership principles in multicultural organizations, emphasizing that leadership is not merely a conceptual framework but a lived reality.

Molecular and thermodynamic determinants of self-assembly and hetero-oligomerization in the enterobacterial thermo-osmo-regulatory protein H-NS.

Environmentally regulated gene expression is critical for bacterial survival under stress conditions, including extremes in temperature, osmolarity and nutrient availability. Here, we dissect the thermo- and osmo-responsory behavior of the transcriptional repressor H-NS, an archetypal nucleoid-condensing sensory protein, ubiquitous in enterobacteria that infect the mammalian gut. Through experiments and thermodynamic modeling, we show that H-NS exhibits osmolarity, temperature and concentration dependent self-association, with a highly polydisperse native ensemble dominated by monomers, dimers, tetramers and octamers. The relative population of these oligomeric states is determined by an interplay between dimerization and higher-order oligomerization, which in turn drives a competition between weak homo- versus hetero-oligomerization of protein-protein and protein-DNA complexes. A phosphomimetic mutation, Y61E, fully eliminates higher-order self-assembly and preserves only dimerization while weakening DNA binding, highlighting that oligomerization is a prerequisite for strong DNA binding. We further demonstrate the presence of long-distance thermodynamic connectivity between dimerization and oligomerization sites on H-NS which influences the binding of the co-repressor Cnu, and switches the DNA binding mode of the hetero-oligomeric H-NS:Cnu complex. Our work thus uncovers important organizational principles in H-NS including a multi-layered thermodynamic control, and provides a molecular framework broadly applicable to other thermo-osmo sensory proteins that employ similar mechanisms to regulate gene expression.

Implementation of External Budgetary Control over Business Partnerships and Entities with Regional Participation in Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the reasons for external state financial control over the activities of business partnerships and business entities with participation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the specifics of inspections of such business entities performed by regional control and accounting authorities. Based on the study of federal and regional regulatory legal acts, acts of the control and accounting bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the practice of courts and the activities of control and accounting bodies, the author defines the problems of such control and analyzes the arguments of the audited entities used to protect their rights during control and the assessment of these arguments by the courts. The author concludes that it is necessary to include a list of objects controlled by sub-federal control and accounting bodies in Federal Law No. 6‑FZ dated 07.02.2011 «On General Principles of Organization and Activities of Control and Accounting Bodies of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation, Federal Territories and Municipalities» in order to unify the approach to external budget control. The paper substantiates that finances, property and activities of these legal entities are subject to control exercised by regional bodies of external budget control due to the importance of these resources in the process of generating budget revenues of the relevant public legal entities, and the inspectors act primarily as representatives not of the shareholder or participant, but of public legal entities protecting public interest. It also gives them the opportunity to suggest ways to improve the regulatory framework of the region and the management processes of individual legal entities.

Whole-brain spatial organization of hippocampal single-neuron projectomes.

Mapping single-neuron projections is essential for understanding brain-wide connectivity and diverse functions of the hippocampus (HIP). Here, we reconstructed 10,100 single-neuron projectomes of mouse HIP and classified 43 projectome subtypes with distinct projection patterns. The number of projection targets and axon-tip distribution depended on the soma location along HIP longitudinal and transverse axes. Many projectome subtypes were enriched in specific HIP subdomains defined by spatial transcriptomic profiles. Furthermore, we delineated comprehensive wiring diagrams for HIP neurons projecting exclusively within the HIP formation (HPF) and for those projecting to both intra- and extra-HPF targets. Bihemispheric projecting neurons generally projected to one pair of homologous targets with ipsilateral preference. These organization principles of single-neuron projectomes provide a structural basis for understanding the function of HIP neurons.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ДЕРЕВЯННЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The article presents a conceptual scheme for the production of glued wooden structures at logging and woodworking enterprises of the penal enforcement system, geographically located in different regions of Russia. Based on ISO 9000 standards and rational principles of production organization, the production process of glued wooden structures has been developed. The analysis of the advantages of business interaction with the production sector of the penal system, which showed the possibility of creating effective management of economic activity in this sector of the economy in terms of increasing its economic security.

Individual word representations dissociate from linguistic context along a cortical unimodal to heteromodal gradient.

Language comprehension involves multiple hierarchical processing stages across time, space, and levels of representation. When processing a word, the sensory input is transformed into increasingly abstract representations that need to be integrated with the linguistic context. Thus, language comprehension involves both input-driven as well as context-dependent processes. While neuroimaging research has traditionally focused on mapping individual brain regions to the distinct underlying processes, recent studies indicate that whole-brain distributed patterns of cortical activation might be highly relevant for cognitive functions, including language. One such pattern, based on resting-state connectivity, is the 'principal cortical gradient', which dissociates sensory from heteromodal brain regions. The present study investigated the extent to which this gradient provides an organizational principle underlying language function, using a multimodal neuroimaging dataset of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from 102 participants during sentence reading. We found that the brain response to individual representations of a word (word length, orthographic distance, and word frequency), which reflect visual; orthographic; and lexical properties, gradually increases towards the sensory end of the gradient. Although these properties showed opposite effect directions in fMRI and MEG, their association with the sensory end of the gradient was consistent across both neuroimaging modalities. In contrast, MEG revealed that properties reflecting a word's relation to its linguistic context (semantic similarity and position within the sentence) involve the heteromodal end of the gradient to a stronger extent. This dissociation between individual word and contextual properties was stable across earlier and later time windows during word presentation, indicating interactive processing of word representations and linguistic context at opposing ends of the principal gradient. To conclude, our findings indicate that the principal gradient underlies the organization of a range of linguistic representations while supporting a gradual distinction between context-independent and context-dependent representations. Furthermore, the gradient reveals convergent patterns across neuroimaging modalities (similar location along the gradient) in the presence of divergent responses (opposite effect directions).

Applying Organizational Psychology Principles for Positive Workplace Outcomes

Purpose: This study aims to apply organizational psychology principles to foster positive workplace outcomes. It focuses on developing practical interventions that integrate theoretical and empirical findings from organizational psychology to enhance organizational effectiveness, employee well-being, and overall productivity. Key areas explored include employee engagement, job design, organizational justice, teamwork, and leadership development. Research Design and Methodology: This research employs a qualitative approach, primarily through a literature study, to explore organizational psychology principles. A comprehensive literature search strategy was implemented using academic databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, books, and other scholarly sources. Thematic and content analyses were used to interpret the collected data. Findings and Discussion: The findings indicate that effective leadership, employee engagement, a positive organizational culture, and organizational justice are critical pillars in shaping a healthy and productive work environment. Transformational and authentic leadership significantly enhance employee motivation and performance. High employee engagement is associated with greater job satisfaction, higher productivity, and increased loyalty. A positive organizational culture promoting trust and collaboration enhances employee engagement and organizational outcomes. Organizational justice—procedural, distributive, and interactional—contributes to improved perceptions of fairness, trust, and employee commitment. Implications: The practical implications emphasize the importance of leadership development programs focusing on transformational and authentic leadership behaviors, efforts to foster a supportive organizational culture, and the implementation of fair policies and procedures to build employee trust and commitment. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these principles in diverse organizational contexts.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ПЛАНИРОВОЧНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МУСОРОСЖИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЙ В КИТАЕ

At present, most countries are changing their national waste management policies from landfill disposal to recycling and reuse. In China, incineration power plants have been the first choice of disposal method because they occupy a small area, process waste quickly, reduce the amount of waste, do not pollute the environment, and have a high energy recovery rate. Nevertheless, the existing facilities are mostly monofunctional and the areas where they are located are depressive in nature. This leads to social rejection by the population and refusal to build incinerator power plants in the necessary quantity. The purpose of this article is to determine the principles of functional-planning organization of incinerator power plants in China. The existing experience of realization and designing of multifunctional incinerating power plants in China is studied, the graphic analysis of town-planning location and organization of sites is executed, the basic technological blocks, which are included in objects, are defined, functional-planning interrelations between them are established. The variants of shaping and architectural embodiment of garbage processing facilities have been studied. The result of the research is the formulation of the principles of functional-planning organization of multifunctional incineration power plants in China.
 Keywords: architecture, functional-planning solutions, incineration power plant, waste, China.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ПЛАНИРОВОЧНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МУСОРОСЖИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЙ В КИТАЕ

At present, most countries are changing their national waste management policies from landfill disposal to recycling and reuse. In China, incineration power plants have been the first choice of disposal method because they occupy a small area, process waste quickly, reduce the amount of waste, do not pollute the environment, and have a high energy recovery rate. Nevertheless, the existing facilities are mostly monofunctional and the areas where they are located are depressive in nature. This leads to social rejection by the population and refusal to build incinerator power plants in the necessary quantity. The purpose of this article is to determine the principles of functional-planning organization of incinerator power plants in China. The existing experience of realization and designing of multifunctional incinerating power plants in China is studied, the graphic analysis of town-planning location and organization of sites is executed, the basic technological blocks, which are included in objects, are defined, functional-planning interrelations between them are established. The variants of shaping and architectural embodiment of garbage processing facilities have been studied. The result of the research is the formulation of the principles of functional-planning organization of multifunctional incineration power plants in China.
 Keywords: architecture, functional-planning solutions, incineration power plant, waste, China.

The Influence of Change Management, Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on the Performance of Indonesian Sharia Bank Employees

Performance is important for a company or organization to support progress and achieve the organization's vision and mission. Many factors and variables can influence employee performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of change management, organizational culture, and transformational leadership on the employee performance of Bank Syariah Indonesia. This research fills the research gap and requires repeated testing to assess the impact of change management and organizational culture with transformational leadership on employee performance from different perspectives. This empirical study research uses sampling techniques using non-probability sampling of 100 respondents for all employees of Bank Syariah Indonesia Solo Branch. Multiple linear regression analysis data processing techniques reveal that Change Management and Organizational Culture variables influence Transformational Leadership. While Change Management does not influence employee performance, Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture influence employee performance. The results of this analysis provide a very important picture of the leader's role in empowering and encouraging workers through active involvement with them, in addition to visualizing positive organizational principles that can improve organizational performance.

Current status and perspectives of the quality system in histocompatibility laboratories in Poland.

Allogeneic transplantation is a multi-step process involving many clinicians and laboratory personnel working together to achieve a common goal-to maximize the recipients' chance of survival and to improve their quality of life. One of the key elements of the process is to ensure high quality, accuracy, and reliability of histocompatibility testing. This manuscript presents: the development and organizational principles of the national system of supervision and control of histocompatibility laboratories in Poland, problems faced by these laboratories, availabe proficiency testing schemes, as well as suggestions and prospects for the future raised by members of the Polish histocompatibility community.

Муниципальные информационные системы: разграничение полномочий по правовому регулированию

The article is devoted to the analysis of the powers of different levels of government on the legal regulation of municipal information systems. The author notes that the current provisions of the federal laws ‘On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection’ and ‘On General Principles of Organisation of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’ question the legality of its implementation at the regional and municipal levels. To solve this problem, it seems necessary, firstly, to fix in Article 13 of the Federal Law ‘On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection’ the possibility to establish the peculiarities of legal regulation of municipal information systems not only by legislative, but also bylaws on local self-government; secondly, to specify in the Federal Law ‘On General Principles of Organisation of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’ the possibility of the subjects of the Russian Federation to carry out lawmaking activities. At the same time, it is important to enshrine in regional laws on municipal information systems the conceptual requirements that ensure the possibility of integration of information systems of different municipalities among themselves, as well as with regional state information systems.

PHYSICO-BIOLOGICAL NATURE OF DARK ENERGY

It has been suggested that the surrounding empty space (cosmic vacuum) is not only a physical object, but also a biological organism. Which is capable, like any biological object, of multiplying – generating structures similar to itself. The concept of “Elementary cell of space” is introduced. The model shows the order of assembly, the possible mechanism of this process, as well as its two main driving forces. Reproduction of electromagnetic quanta inside the cells of space underlies the process of accelerated expansion of the Universe – Hubble's law and other experimental observations. The need to create a new scientific discipline – “Physical Biology of space“, which will study the nature of most known and still unknown phenomena from the perspective of the principles of space organization, including for Life in its various manifestations, is once again emphasized.

FEATURES OF FORMATION, ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL RESULTS AT DOMESTIC AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article defines and summarizes the modern interpretation of the essence of financial results in regulatory and legal acts and scientific publications. The peculiarities of agricultural production, which affect the accounting process of financial results, have been studied. The theoretical foundations of the essence, formation and use of the company’s profit were considered and studied. In order to have a deeper and correct understanding of the profit, it was classified according to the main classification features. Profit functions are analyzed and distinguished: valuation function, distribution function and incentive function. The methodological and organizational principles of accounting for the formation and distribution of financial results of agricultural enterprises have been studied. The principles of accounting were studied according to national standards, applying the standards of P(S)BO 15 “Income” and P(S)BO 16 “Expenses” and according to international standards – standards of IAS18 “Income”. The procedure for forming the financial result of the enterprise is given. Management of profitability (break-even) of activities is the primary task of the enterprise, therefore the article pays great attention to the analysis of financial results and factors of their formation. Taking into account the fact that the activity of a business entity can be not only profitable, but also unprofitable, and is formed under the influence of internal and external environmental factors, the accounting and analysis provides a general assessment of financial results, which are characterized by a system of absolute and relative indicators. In the course of the study, the system of evaluation indicators, their meaning, tasks and sources of information for the analysis of financial results of agricultural enterprises were investigated. It has been found that the financial results of enterprises have a multifaceted nature and are a synthesized reflection of the interrelationships and interdependence of all components of activity. It was determined that the analysis of financial results should be carried out within the framework of a systematic approach, which involves the study of a complex of absolute and relative indicators and factors of financial results at all stages of their substantiation, formation and receipt, distribution and use.

Dynamic Organization of Large-scale Functional Brain Networks Supports Interactions Between Emotion and Executive Control.

Emotion and executive control are often conceptualized as two distinct modes of human brain functioning. Little, however, is known about how the dynamic organization of large-scale functional brain networks that support flexible emotion processing and executive control, especially their interactions. The amygdala and prefrontal systems have long been thought to play crucial roles in these processes. Recent advances in human neuroimaging studies have begun to delineate functional organization principles among the large-scale brain networks underlying emotion, executive control, and their interactions. Here, we propose a dynamic brain network model to account for interactive competition between emotion and executive control by reviewing recent resting-state and task-related neuroimaging studies using network-based approaches. In this model, dynamic interactions among the executive control network, the salience network, the default mode network, and sensorimotor networks enable dynamic processes of emotion and support flexible executive control of multiple processes; neural oscillations across multiple frequency bands and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine pathway serve as communicational mechanisms underlying dynamic synergy among large-scale functional brain networks. This model has important implications for understanding how the dynamic organization of complex brain systems and networks empowers flexible cognitive and affective functions.

PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE COMPANY’S PERSONNEL RESERVE IN THE FIELD OF STAFF MOTIVATION

It is noted that the main value of any enterprise is usually considered to be its employees, and the enterprise itself is viewed not as a mechanism for making a profit, but as a way of organizing people and their potential. New requirements for the training and retraining of management personnel are identified. HRmanagement as a science that focuses on human resources, their formation and development in accordance with the strategic goal of the enterprise is revealed. The choice of sources of formation of the personnel reserve is allocated. It is noted that an employer at any enterprise, when forming a personnel reserve, needs to make a choice and prioritize among the sources of formation. It is substantiated that when forming a personnel reserve, the choice is always made in favor of hiring new employees. It is noted that the purpose of the declared activity is aimed at improving the economic result of the organization (even if indirectly) and at avoiding mistakes when working with the reserve. The theoretical approaches to the content and mechanism of formation of the personnel reserve are investigated. The sources of formation of the personnel reserve, advantages and disadvantages of the internal personnel reserve are analyzed. It is established that the potential reserve is formed by managers, specialists, and workers who meet the basic requirements in terms of education, specialty, and height. It is determined that the talent pool is closely related to increasing the motivation of employees who are aware of the seriousness of the prospects for professional and career growth at the enterprise. Attention is focused on the criteria for forming an internal reserve and assessing the effectiveness of work with the personnel reserve. The article highlights the work with the talent pool on the example of private joint-stock company “Ukrainsky Grafit”, where the main regulatory document governing the mechanism of formation is the Regulations on work with personnel reserve. It is emphasized that the task of the Regulations of private joint-stock company “Ukrainsky Grafit” is to establish uniform organizational principles in working with the reserve and to create a system for training the reserve of management personnel at the enterprise. The main information sources of private joint-stock company “Ukrainsky Grafit” regarding the consideration of candidates for the personnel reserve are disclosed. It is determined that in the event of vacancies at the enterprise, the internal personnel reserve is considered first to fill the vacancy.