Mapping Principle Research Articles

Autonomous Driving Strategy for a Specialized Four-Wheel Differential-Drive Agricultural Rover

Recently, the agriconstruction machinery sector has been involved in a great technological revolution. The reasons that may explain this are strictly connected to the mitigation of climate change. At the same time, there is a necessity to ensure an adequate production level in order to meet the increasing food demand due to the current population growth trend. In this context, the development of autonomously driven agricultural vehicles is one of the areas on which tractor manufacturers and academics are focusing. The fundamental prerequisite for an autonomous driving vehicle is the development of an appropriate motion strategy. Hence, the vehicle will be able to follow predetermined routes, accomplishing its missions. The aim of this study was the development of path-planning and path-following algorithms for an agricultural four-whee differential-drive vehicle operating in vineyard/orchard environments. The algorithms were completely developed within the MATLAB software environment. After a brief description of the geometrical characteristics of the vehicle, a parametric process to build a virtual orchard environment is proposed. Then, the functional principles of the autonomous driving algorithms are shown. Finally, the algorithms are tested, varying their main tuning parameters, and an indicator to quantify the algorithms’ efficiency, named relative accuracy, is defined. The results obtained show the strong dependence between the relative accuracy and lookahead distance value assigned to the rover. Furthermore, an analysis of rover positioning errors was performed. The results in this case show a lower influence of the location error when the accuracy of the positioning device is within 2 cm.

A Really Simple Elementary Proof of the Uniform Boundedness Principle in F -Spaces

Abstract We give a proof of the uniform boundedness principle for linear continuous maps from F -spaces into topological vector spaces which is elementary and also quite simple.

The classical solvability for a one-dimensional nonlinear thermoelasticity system with the far field degeneracy

Abstract We study the local classical solvability of the Cauchy problem to the equations of one-dimensional nonlinear thermoelasticity. The governing model is a coupled system of a nonlinear hyperbolic equation for the displacement and a parabolic equation for the temperature of the elastic material. We allow the hyperbolic equation to degenerate at spacial infinity, which results that the coefficients of the coupled system are not uniformly bounded and then the previous methods for the strictly hyperbolic-parabolic coupled systems are invalid. We introduce a suitable weighted norm to establish the local existence and uniqueness of classical solutions by the contraction mapping principle. The existence time T of the solution is independent of the spatial variable.

Как согласовать законодательство специальных административных районов и материкового Китая в рамках системы «Одна страна — две системы» — на примере Гонконга

The article analyzes the principles of functioning of the Chinese system "One country — two systems", it considers the theoretical and legal foundations of the legislation of Hong Kong as a special administrative region within this system. Using the methods of critical legal research, dialectical materialism and complex analysis. The author concludes that the key problem at the moment is the lack of perfection of the constitutional review system in Hong Kong. This requires further improvement of the registration and verification system, as well as strengthening the constitutional review system of Hong Kong's Basic Law to ensure the unity of China's legislative system.

Higher-ordered hybrid fractional differential equations with fractional boundary conditions: Stability analysis and existence theory

In the present article, the p-Laplacian operator is applied for examining hybrid fractional differential equations (HFDEs). Establishing the existence and uniqueness (EU) results and analyzing the Hyers–Ulam (HU) stability for HFDEs incorporating fractional derivatives of different orders with the p-Laplacian operator are the primary objectives of this research. With an understanding of the Green function, we will transform the provided HFDE into a corresponding integral form of hybrid FDEs for EU results. A fixed point theorem is employed to examine the existence of solution (ES), and the Banach contraction mapping principle technique is employed to determine the uniqueness of solution. The result of the HU stability study is examined using dynamical systems and functional analysis approaches. Additionally, an application is presented to demonstrate the findings.

Explaining morpho-syntactic variation and change: the case of subjunctive II in the Bavarian dialects of Austria

Abstract This paper aims to explain recent empirical findings on subjunctive II formation in the Bavarian dialects of Austria from both functional and formal perspectives. For this purpose, the explanatory power of the functional principles of natural morphology (NM) is compared with the formal framework of constructional morphology (CxM). It is argued that the two approaches complement each other. Thus, it is shown that the key concepts of NM (constructional iconicity, uniformity and transparency) can easily be adapted in terms of CxM. These adjustments are needed to explain the ongoing changes in subjunctive II formation in the Bavarian dialects of Austria. This is due to the well-documented shift towards the use of periphrastic constructions (with the täte- and würde-auxiliary) that are located at the interface between morphology and syntax.

Prediction of single-layer antimony oxyselenide (Sb2O2Se2): metal-to-semiconductor transition via hydrogenation

In this study, the structural, electronic, vibrational, and mechanical properties of single-layer Antimony Oxyselenide (Sb2O2Se2) and its hydrogenated structure (Sb2O2Se2H2) are investigated by performing density functional theory-based first principles calculations. Geometry optimizations reveal that single-layer Sb2O2Se2 crystallizes in tetragonal structure which is shown to possess dynamical stability by means of phonon band dispersions. In addition, the mechanical stability of the predicted single layer is satisfied via the linear-elastic parameters. Electronically, it is revealed that single-layer Sb2O2Se2 exhibits metallic behavior whose highest occupied states are found to arise from the surface Se atoms, may be an indication for tuning the electronic features via surface functionalization. For the surface modification of Sb2O2Se2, top of each Se atom is saturated with a H atom and fully hydrogenated single-layer Sb2O2Se2H2 is shown to be an in-plane anisotropic structure. Phonon band dispersion calculations indicate the dynamical stability of Sb2O2Se2H2. Mechanically stable Sb2O2Se2H2 is found to possess anisotropic linear-elastic behavior, which is much softer than its pristine structure. Moreover, electronically a metallic-to-semiconducting transition is shown to occur as the unoccupied Se-orbitals are saturated via H atoms. Our work offers insights into prediction of a novel single-layer material, namely Sb2O2Se2, and reports the chemically-driven semiconducting behavior via hydrogenation, which may lead to the use of hydrogenated structure in solar cell, photoelectrode, or photocatalyst applications owing to its suitable band gap.

Optic coherence tomography-angiography – a new technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of the patients with age-related macular degeneration – an overview

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative, progressive disease, which destroys the central retina. AMD has two main forms - „dry“ and „wet“ (exudative). In order to make the diagnosis of AMD with CNV, apart from ophthalmoscopy, specialized tests are needed - fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine angiography, OCT, OCT-angiography (OCT-A). OCTA is a new and non-invasive technology. Compared to the old, well-known techniques for retinal evaluation, it is very precious because of its high resolution and detailed images – which allow early diagnosis and objective monitoring of the lesions in the future. The aim of this review is to describe the principles of function, features of the device and its application in everyday clinical practice in diagnosing patients with macular pathology. A systematic search of the literature, published in the past decade was identified from PubMed and Ovid databases with reference to the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Review. AMD is a disease that is increasingly socially important because of the aging population in developed countries. The increasing use of OCT-A nowadays suggests new classification systems. The non-invasiveness, the short examination time and the high informativeness that OCT-A brings in relation to AMD requires a deeper study of the methodology and the development of new classifications to facilitate clinical practice.

PENERAPAN ASAS FUNGSI SOSIAL HAK ATAS TANAH DALAM PUTUSAN NOMOR 28/G/PU/2019/PTUN.PBR

This paper will discuss the Application of Land Social Function in Law Number 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Public Interest. To find a solution to this problem, document and literature searches are required in this research. The results show that the regulation of land acquisition norms in Article 5 of Law Number 2/2012 on Land Acquisition for Public Interest has applied the principle of social function of land, because land acquisition carried out by the government as stipulated in Article 5 is an act for the construction of public facilities that can be used by the entire community. The application of Article 5 of Law Number 2/2012 often triggers problems, especially if the land taken over for development is productive land used by the community as a source of their livelihood and will result in the loss of people's livelihoods. As a result, it is very natural that some people refuse and do not want to release their land even though they have been promised a compensation value. Therefore, more knowledge and understanding of the social function of land is needed as an effort to realise justice and welfare, especially for those who are given their land without ignoring aspects of legal certainty as a characteristic of the rule of law.

On a fully coupled nonlocal multipoint boundary value problem for a dual hybrid system of nonlinear q-fractional differential equations

A new class of nonlocal multipoint boundary value problems involving a dual hybrid system of nonlinear Riemann–Liouville-type [Formula: see text]-fractional differential equations is studied in this paper. Existence and uniqueness results for the given problem are derived by applying the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative and the Banach contraction mapping principle. Examples are presented for illustrating the obtained results. The work established in this paper is a useful contribution to the existing literature on [Formula: see text]-fractional differential equations. Some interesting special cases are also discussed.

A Bi-Starlike Class in a Leaf-like Domain Defined through Subordination via q̧-Calculus

Bi-univalent functions associated with the leaf-like domain within the open unit disk are investigated and a new subclass is introduced and studied in the research presented here. This is achieved by applying the subordination principle for analytic functions in conjunction with q-calculus. The class is proved to be not empty. By proving its existence, generalizations can be given to other sets of functions. In addition, coefficient bounds are examined with a particular focus on |α2| and |α3| coefficients, and Fekete–Szegö inequalities are estimated for the functions in this new class. To support the conclusions, previous works are cited for confirmation.

The anisotropic and region-dependent mechanical response of wrap-around tendons under tensile, compressive and combined multiaxial loads

The present work reports on the multiaxial region and orientation-dependent mechanical properties of two porcine wrap-around tendons under tensile, compressive and combined loads based on an extensive study with n=175 samples. The results provide a detailed dataset of the anisotropic tensile and compressive longitudinal properties and document a pronounced tension-compression asymmetry. Motivated by the physiological loading conditions of these tendons, which include transversal compression at bony abutments in addition to longitudinal tension, we systematically investigated the change in axial tension when the tendon is compressed transversally along one or both perpendicular directions. The results reveal that the transversal compression can increase axial tension (proximal-distal direction) in both cases to orders of 30%, yet by a larger amount in the first case (transversal compression in anterior-posterior direction), which seems to be more relevant for wrap-around tendons in-vivo. These quantitative measurements are in line with earlier findings on auxetic properties of tendon tissue, but show for the first time the influence of this property on the stress response of the tendon, and may thus reveal an important functional principle within these essential elements of force transmission in the body. Statement of significanceThe work reports for the first time on multiaxial region and orientation-dependent mechanical properties of wrap-around tendons under various loads. The results indicate that differences in the mechanical properties exist between zones that are predominantly in a uniaxial tensile state and those that experience complex load states. The observed counterintuitive increase of the axial tension upon lateral compression points at auxetic properties of the tendon tissue which may be pivotal for the function of the tendon as an element of the musculoskeletal system. It suggests that the tendon’s performance in transmitting forces is not diminished but enhanced when the action line is deflected by a bony pulley around which the tendon wraps, representing an important functional principle of tendon tissue.

Surgical factors play a critical role in predicting functional outcomes using machine learning in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

Predictive models help determine predictive factors necessary to improve functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no study has assessed predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA based on the new concepts of personalised surgery and new technologies. This study aimed to develop and evaluate predictive modelling approaches to predict the achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) 1 year after TKA. Four hundred thirty robotic-assisted TKAs were analysed in this retrospective study. The mean age was 67.9 ± 7.9 years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.0 ± 6.8 kg/m2. The following PROMs were collected preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively: knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) Function, WOMAC Pain. Demographic data, preoperative CT scan, implant size, implant position on the robotic system and characteristics of the joint replacement procedure were selected as predictive variables. Four machine learning algorithms were trained to predict the MCID status at 1-year post-TKA for each PROM survey. 'No MCID' was chosen as the target. Models were evaluated by class discrimination (F1-score) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). The best-performing model was ridge logistic regression for WOMAC Function (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80, F1 = 0.48, sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.62). Variables most strongly contributing to not achieving MCID status were preoperative PROMs, high BMI and femoral resection depth (posterior and distal), supporting functional positioning principles. Conversely, variables contributing to a positive outcome (achieving MCID) were medial/lateral alignment of the tibial component, whether the procedure was an outpatient surgery and whether the patient received managed Medicare insurance. The most predictive variables included preoperative PROMs, BMI and surgical planning. The surgical predictive variables were valgus femoral alignment and femoral rotation, reflecting the benefits of personalised surgery. Including surgical variables in predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA should guide clinical and surgical decision-making for every patient. Level III.

Potential yields of two staple cereal crops worldwide under global warming

Most studies on model-estimated yield potential of crop under climate change are based on the principle of production function, for specific variety, from static biological dimension and at local or regional level, while few theoretically are based on time-series approach for world crop from dynamic evolutionary angle and on global scale. Therefore we conducted following research in 2019 to 2023 at Guiyang City of China: potential yields of rice and wheat worldwide by 2030 are projected creatively using Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average and Trend-regressed model based on their history since 1961, in which the projections are tested by actual yields in recent two years and further validated by Gray System model; the impacts of global warming on past production of rice and wheat worldwide since 1961 are analyzed using binary regression model in which global mean temperature is treated as the independent variable while the crop yield as the dependent variable. Our results show that: in the future between 2022 and 2030, average yield of world rice is projected to be from 4876 kg/ha to 5195 kg/ha whereas that of world wheat from 3548 kg/ha to 3817 kg/ha; top (national) yield of world rice is projected to be from 10148 kg/ha to 10269 kg/ha whereas that of world wheat from 9914 kg/ha to 10042 kg/ha; or the ratio between average and top yields of world rice will be from 48.05% to 50.59% whereas that of world wheat from 35.79% to 38.01%; since 1961, global warming exerts a negative impact on average yield of world rice less than on its top, and a positive effect on average yield of world wheat while a negative one on its top, which partially drives the gap between average and top yields of world rice slightly narrowed and that of world wheat gradually closed. These findings indicate that: given that top yield is considered potential limit of average yield, to improve global production of these two staple cereal crops by 2030, the priorities should be given to rice as well as wheat worldwide in their both high and low yield countries.

Design and Development of Component Library for Component-based University Orientation Management System

In the last few years, the orientation and management system of the universities has become more data-driven, information-based and intelligent. This article focuses on designing and implementing an orientation management system for universities. It analyses the actual needs of orientation work and determines the functional goals and design principles of the system. The text focuses on the design and development process of component libraries. This includes component classification, naming conventions, interface design, and re-usability and extensibility design. These aspects provide strong support for the construction of the system. This article elaborates on the methods and processes of system testing and evaluation. Comprehensive testing is conducted to verify the system’s functions and performance, ensuring that it meets actual needs. The research results presented in this article provide a constructive reference for the construction of orientation management systems in universities and lay a solid foundation for the optimization and upgrading of future systems.

A hierarchy of processing complexity and timescales for natural sounds in human auditory cortex.

Efficient behavior is supported by humans' ability to rapidly recognize acoustically distinct sounds as members of a common category. Within auditory cortex, there are critical unanswered questions regarding the organization and dynamics of sound categorization. Here, we performed intracerebral recordings in the context of epilepsy surgery as 20 patient-participants listened to natural sounds. We built encoding models to predict neural responses using features of these sounds extracted from different layers within a sound-categorization deep neural network (DNN). This approach yielded highly accurate models of neural responses throughout auditory cortex. The complexity of a cortical site's representation (measured by the depth of the DNN layer that produced the best model) was closely related to its anatomical location, with shallow, middle, and deep layers of the DNN associated with core (primary auditory cortex), lateral belt, and parabelt regions, respectively. Smoothly varying gradients of representational complexity also existed within these regions, with complexity increasing along a posteromedial-to-anterolateral direction in core and lateral belt, and along posterior-to-anterior and dorsal-to-ventral dimensions in parabelt. When we estimated the time window over which each recording site integrates information, we found shorter integration windows in core relative to lateral belt and parabelt. Lastly, we found a relationship between the length of the integration window and the complexity of information processing within core (but not lateral belt or parabelt). These findings suggest hierarchies of timescales and processing complexity, and their interrelationship, represent a functional organizational principle of the auditory stream that underlies our perception of complex, abstract auditory information.

Participatory and User-Centered Design for Hazard Mapping: A Case Study from Achoma, Peru

Geologic hazards affect the community of Achoma, in Peru’s Colca Canyon. Building on a rockfall hazard characterization study, this article engages the principles of participatory mapping and user-centered design for the tailoring of hazard maps to the context. Two workshops were conducted with community members to gauge their perceptions of sample maps, preferences for design elements, and potential uses of maps, and to refine accuracy of map features. Each workshop consisted of three activities in which participants marked up and discussed sample maps. The activities focused on (1) basemap preferences and locally relevant features, (2) intelligibility of rockfall hazard information, and (3) intelligibility of color schemes and representations of hazard severity ratings. The outcomes of the workshops were used to inform design updates for a final hazard map, which was provided to community members and local officials. The study identified many design preferences that were similar to those found in prior studies and expanded the scope of participatory and user-centered design research in hazard mapping, which has mostly been conducted in the Global North.

Today’s Mechanisms of Financing the 4th Energy-Transition

Today global community focuses on stepping-up efforts aimed at cutting emissions of green-house gases to the atmosphere. It is connected with active realization of the 4th energy-transition strategy based on replacement of one power sources by others that are more efficient and ecologically clean. Current trends of sustainable development define priorities and new approaches to sources and forms of financing. Serious impact on selection of finance mechanisms is made by sectoral specific features demonstrating key lines of development. The article studies accessible efficient finance tools, which can provide a new format of interaction with regard to principles of power system functioning. As auxiliary resources fostering finance priority identification the author put forward ESG-accounting and ESG-ratings. European experience of using mechanisms of financing energy-effective projects can be interesting. The author formulated principles of the 4th energy-transition, showed key lines in the 4th energy-transition financing with regard to coordination of economic interests of process participants and highlighted the most important sources of financing. It is recommended to prioritize the development of technological competences oriented to home market.

Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl uncertainty principle for ambiguity function

In this paper, we prove a stronger type of Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl uncertainty principle for ambiguity function. An example is used to demonstrate the obtained result, and related uncertainty principles for short-time Fourier transform and Wigner distribution are given, respectively. In addition, we introduce the so-called K -ambiguity function, and obtain the related Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl uncertainty principle.

The Second and Fourth Moments of Discrete Gaussian Distributions over Lattices

Let Λ be an n-dimensional lattice. For any n-dimensional vector c and positive real number s, let Ds,c and DΛ,s,c denote the continuous Gaussian distribution and the discrete Gaussian distribution over Λ, respectively. In this paper, we establish the exact relationship between the second and fourth moments centered around c of the discrete Gaussian distribution DΛ,s,c and those of the continuous Gaussian distribution Ds,c, respectively. This provides a quantization form of the result obtained by Micciancio and Regev on the second and fourth moments of discrete Gaussian distribution. Using the relationship, we also derive an uncertainty principle for Gaussian functions, which extend the result of Zheng, Zhao, and Xu. Our proof is based on combination of the idea of Micciancio and Regev and the idea of Zheng, Zhao, and Xu, where the main tool is high-dimensional Fourier transform.