Principal Regions Research Articles

Remittances and Business Cycles: Comparison of South Asian Countries

ABSTRACTSouth Asia is one of the world's principal remittance-receiving regions. This study examines the home and host business cycles of migrant remittance flows to the region. Employing the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) technique, the remittance behaviour of the region's four main countries is compared. Remittances to India and Pakistan show a mainly acyclical behaviour with respect to the output of the four host regions, and a countercyclical behaviour with respect to home output. In contrast, remittances to the two smaller economies of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are found to be mainly procyclical. The study shows that the macroeconomic remittance behaviour varies with respect to the importance of remittance flows in the home economy. Moreover, remittance behaviour seems to respond more to home economy specificities than to those of the different regions that host the migrants from the developing countries.

Dynamic stability analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels using the element-free kp-Ritz method

In this paper, a first-known dynamic stability analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded (CNTR-FG) cylindrical panels under static and periodic axial force by using the mesh-free kp-Ritz method is presented. The cylindrical panels are reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different types of distributions, i.e. uniform and three kinds of functionally graded distributions of carbon nanotubes along thickness direction of the panels. Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach is employed to estimate effective material properties of the resulting nanocomposite panels. By applying the Ritz minimization procedure to the energy expressions, a system of Mathieu–Hill equations is formulated. Then the principal instability regions are analyzed through Bolotin’s first approximation. Detailed parametric studies have been carried out to reveal the influences of volume fraction of carbon nanotubes, edge-to-radius ratio and radius-to-thickness ratio. In addition, effects of different boundary conditions and types of distributions of carbon nanotubes are examined in detail.

High carbon dioxide uptake by subtropical forest ecosystems in the East Asian monsoon region

Temperate- and high-latitude forests have been shown to contribute a carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere, but fewer studies have addressed the carbon balance of the subtropical forests. In the present study, we integrated eddy covariance observations established in the 1990s and 2000s to show that East Asian monsoon subtropical forests between 20 °N and 40 °N represent an average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of 362 ± 39 g C m(-2) yr(-1) (mean ± 1 SE). This average forest NEP value is higher than that of Asian tropical and temperate forests and is also higher than that of forests at the same latitudes in Europe-Africa and North America. East Asian monsoon subtropical forests have comparable NEP to that of subtropical forests of the southeastern United States and intensively managed Western European forests. The total NEP of East Asian monsoon subtropical forests was estimated to be 0.72 ± 0.08 Pg C yr(-1), which accounts for 8% of the global forest NEP. This result indicates that the role of subtropical forests in the current global carbon cycle cannot be ignored and that the regional distributions of the Northern Hemisphere's terrestrial carbon sinks are needed to be reevaluated. The young stand ages and high nitrogen deposition, coupled with sufficient and synchronous water and heat availability, may be the primary reasons for the high NEP of this region, and further studies are needed to quantify the contribution of each underlying factor.

Analysis of nonlinear dynamic stability of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in thermal environments

Based on the non-local Euler beam theory, the nonlinear dynamic stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) embedded in an elastic medium including the thermal effects is presented. The nonlinear dynamic equations and the boundary conditions of the SWCNTs are obtained by using the Hamilton variation principle. By adopting the Galerkin procedure, the governing nonlinear partial differential equation is converted into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, and then the incremental harmonic balance method is applied to obtain the principal unstable regions of the SWCNTs. In the numerical examples, the effects of the thermal loads, the non-local parameters and the elastic medium on the nonlinear dynamic stability, respectively, are discussed.

Mortality after road traffic crashes in a system with limited trauma data capability

BackgroundAfrica has 4% of the global vehicles but accounts for about one tenth of global vehicular deaths. Major trauma in Kenya is associated with excess mortality in comparison with series from trauma centers. The determinants of this mortality have not been completely explored.ObjectivesTo determine the factors affecting mortality among road users in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsCross-sectional study of prospectively collected data of trauma admissions at the Kenyatta National Hospital over a calendar year (2009–2010). Information collected included age, gender, road user type, principal anatomical region of injury, admission status, admission blood pressure and GCS, disposition destination, Injury Severity Score (ISS), injuries sustained, treatment and mortality at two weeks. Major or severe injury was defined as injuries of ISS > 15. Groups based on in-hospital survival were compared using determinants of mortality using X2 or students t-test as appropriate. Logistic regression was used to assess the independence of predictive variables.ResultsOne thousand six hundred forty seven (1647) patients were admitted for trauma during the study period. Traffic admissions were 1013 (61.7%) and males predominated (79.8%). The average age of patients admitted was 31.7 years. Pedestrians, vehicle occupants and motorcyclists represented 43.3%, 27.2% and 15.2% of the road users injured. The proportion of patients with ISS > 15 was 10.9%.The overall mortality was 7.7%. Mortality for ISS > 15 was 27.6%. The following factors significantly predicted mortality on univariate analysis: head injury, abdominal injury, transfer in status, blood transfusion, ICU admission, age > 60 years, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and injury severity. GCS (p = 0.001) and ISS > 15 (p < 0.05) remained significant predictors on regression analysis.ConclusionTrauma mortality rates in this study exceed those from mature trauma systems. Head injury and injury severity based on the ISS are independent predictors of mortality after traffic trauma. Improvements in neurosurgical and critical care services ingrained within wider primary and secondary prevention initiatives are logical targets.

Structural and Fracture Mechanics Analysis for the Bracket of ITER Upper ELM Coil

The brackets are the important components of ITER edge localized modes (ELM) coils to connect the coils and rails. In order to assure the structural integrity and security of the bracket, the maximum tresca stress and stress intensity factor are examined from the viewpoints of structural and fracture mechanics. Based on the finite element method, the global upper ELM coils with simplified and detailed bracket are investigated. Since it is difficult to perform in-service inspection due to inaccessibility of in-vessel coils, it is important to estimate the allowable initial defect. Assuming an initial crack in the maximum first principal stress region on the bracket, the fracture mechanics analyses under different loads are performed. Results show that the bracket design is valid and feasible and the calculation method of finite element for stress intensity factor is feasible and reliable. Assuming the initial crack of 7 mm depth, the bracket can meet the crack growth criteria. The stress intensity factor of the bracket is mainly caused by electromagnetic (EM) load and the thermal load can reduce the stress intensity factor under EM load. The thermal load can make the crack grow on the surface of the bracket and the EM load can cause the crack to extend in the inner of the bracket.

초기응력을 받는 직사각형판의 고유진동수 산정식 개발

본 논문은 초기하중을 받는 직사각형판 및 역대칭 Angle-Ply 적층판의 좌굴 및 진동특성을 무재하시의 고유진동수를 이용하여 산정하는 간편법을 제시하였다. 마주보는 두변이 단순지지된 직사각형판의 운동방정식은 곡률항을 고려한 Mindlin 판이론과 에너지원리를 이용한 Rayleigh-Ritz법을 이용하여 유도하였다. 초기응력을 받는 직사각형판의 무차원화 고유진동수, 임계좌굴계수 및 동적불안정영역 문제들을 무재하시의 무차원화 고유진동수로서 각각의 특성을 정립하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 진동특성에 관한 간편산정식의 타당성과 사용성을 입증하기 위해 수치예를 들어 검토하였다. A simplified method for the calculation of buckling and vibrational characteristics of initially stressed rectangular plate and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated plates is presented in this paper using the natural frequencies under unloading state. The equation of motion of rectangular plate with two opposite edges simply supported is investigated on the basis of Rayleigh-Ritz method and Mindlin plate theory with effect of the curvature term. The relationships of the non-dimensional natural frequencies with initial stresses the coeffcients of critical buckling and the boundaries of the dynamic principal instability region can be characterized by the non-dimensional natureal frequencies under unloading state. Numerical examples are presented to verify the simplified equations and to illustrate potential applications of the analysis.

Effect of Origins of Lentinus edodes and Sample Preparation Methods on the Optical Rotation of Lentinan

Lentinan from fruiting body, mycelium and fermentation broth of Lentinus edodes can control the differentiation and adjust the growth and caducity of cells. The biofunctionalities are sure to be related to the structure of lentinan which are optical active, like most of the functional macromolecules. In order to get insight of the nature of lentinan, investigations were performed on the effect of origins of materials and preparation methods including the extracting means (with water or alkali), the drying modes (lyophilising, air drying or vacuum drying), and the extraction aids (microwave and ultrasound), on the optical rotation. The results showed that all the factors under investigation could affect the specific rotation of the final lentinan significantly. The material sources are the principal production regions of Lentinus edodes in China, and the optical rotations of the lentinan showed diverse and source

国家大型煤电基地生态环境监测技术体系研究——以内蒙古锡林郭勒 盟煤电基地为例

As the construction of coal-fired power bases in China accelerates,the amount of ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by this and their subsequent operation and servicing becomes more serious. It should be a priority to establish the ecological and environmental risks posed by coal-fired power bases,to assess their impact on ecosystems and human health,and to develop reasonable strategies for the protection,governance,and restoration of the environment. A sustained and methodical program of ecological and environmental monitoring is the basis for solving these problems. However,currently,the monitoring of technical systems still presents several operational shortcomings,such as low levels of automation,high operating costs,and poor spatial and temporal coverage. At the same time,significant developments in the Internet of Things are improving both the production efficiency of data collection and the way in which data are captured. Accordingly,we believe that the Internet of Things could be one of the more effective ways of solving the problems inherent in the current monitoring of technical systems,in respect of the sensing layer,transport layer,supporting layer,application layer,and client layer. For the study area in the current work,we used Xilinguolemeng in InnerMongolia,an area that is rich in coal resources and one of the principal regions for coal-fired power base operation in China. To obtain the reference information regarding the problems of the atmospheric environment,meteorological data,surface water,groundwater,and soil environment,we needed to deploy the appropriate number of relevant sensors around the study area,after having established the principles for selecting the most suitable sensors. The data were transferred to the central platform via wireless sensor networks and the general packet radio service. Then,we analyzed these data and determined the state of the ecological systems and environmental pollution. At the same time,the platform provided the following functions: monitoring of environmental quality,environmental impact assessment,environmental management and decision-making support, ecological efficiency analysis, and environmental emergency response. The government,especially the environmental protection department,and the company can both easily obtain ecological and environmental information using a technical system based on the Internet of Things. The advantages of the Internet of Things system are as follows. First,it provides a large amount of high-quality data on the ecology and environment because of the avoidance of errors caused by manual operation. Second,the data are available for analysis in near real time. This means that problems can be identified quickly and that data are handled online,such that the builders and managers can respond quickly,helping in the implementation of ecological restoration and environmental protection policies and measures. Finally,the cost of monitoring and management is reduced. Therefore,technical systems for the ecological and environmental monitoring of national large-scale coal-fired power bases,which are based on the Internet of Things,can satisfy the requirements for providing high-quality ecological and environmental data at relatively low cost. Because of the large number of coal-fired power bases,ecological and environmental monitoring based on the Internet of things,offers the advantages of low cost,high precision,high universality,and widespread appeal.

Dynamic Resonance of Curved Panels in Adverse Hygrothermal Environment

The present paper deals with the dynamic resonance of composite curved panels subjected to periodic dynamic loadings. The effects of various parameters of four-sided clamped composite curved panels at elevated temperatures and moisture concentrations on the principal instability regions are investigated by finite element method which is used to study the antisymmetric angle-ply square plates. The results show that instability of composite plates occurs for different parameters in adverse hygrothermal environment. The experimental and numerical investigation is also carried out for four-sided clamped boundary condition for vibration and buckling of curved panels in hygrothermal environment.

Análisis de los Proyectos de Investigación de financiación pública en psicología del deporte

Title: Analysis of draft publicly funded research in Sport Psychology. Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the Research Projects I+D+i financed by the National in the area of psychology and man- agement in the area of Sport Management, as well as granted by the Sports Council. Thiswas recorded on the website of the Ministry of Innovation and Science projects related to sports science (n = 155) and those associ- ated with psychology (n = 646). In addition there were projects awarded by the National Sports Council (CSD) (n = 203). From each of the approved projects have analyzed the following variables: year of the grant, gender re- searcher, principal investigator name, Region, University or agency, the grant amount,project type, project mode of Psychology sport and type of sample projects of Sport Psychology. The results indicate that the grant is much larger project of Sport Psychology in the Plan Nacional managed within the area of sport management and the Sports Council, that are man- aged within the management area of psychology, and well in all of them is much higher percentage of men than women as principal investigator. The regions of Cataluna, Valencia, Andalucia and Extremadura are spread over 70% of the approved projects in Sport Psychology. Among the Autono- mous University of Barcelona, the University of Extremadura and the Uni- versity ofValencia are distributed over a third of all projects of Sport Psy- chology. The Psychology of Sport mode with more projects is the Health and Quality of Life, followed Motivation and Emotion and Psychobiology of Sport.

Buckling and stability analysis of a piezoelectric viscoelastic nanobeam subjected to van der Waals forces

A study on the buckling and dynamic stability of a piezoelectric viscoelastic nanobeam subjected to van der Waals forces is performed in this research. The static and dynamic governing equations of the nanobeam are established with Galerkin method and under Euler–Bernoulli hypothesis. The buckling, post-buckling and nonlinear dynamic stability character of the nanobeam is presented. The quasi-elastic method, Leibnitz’s rule, Runge–Kutta method and the incremental harmonic balanced method are employed for obtaining the buckling voltage, post-buckling characteristics and the boundaries of the principal instability region of the dynamic system. Effects of the electrostatic load, van der Waals force, creep quantity, inner damping, geometric nonlinearity and other factors on the post-buckling and the principal region of instability are investigated.

Dynamic Stability of a Class of Second-Order Distributed Structural Systems With Sinusoidally Varying Velocities

Parametric instability in a system is caused by periodically varying coefficients in its governing differential equations. While parametric excitation of lumped-parameter systems has been extensively studied, that of distributed-parameter systems has been traditionally analyzed by applying Floquet theory to their spatially discretized equations. In this work, parametric instability regions of a second-order nondispersive distributed structural system, which consists of a translating string with a constant tension and a sinusoidally varying velocity, and two boundaries that axially move with a sinusoidal velocity relative to the string, are obtained using the wave solution and the fixed point theory without spatially discretizing the governing partial differential equation. There are five nontrivial cases that involve different combinations of string and boundary motions: (I) a translating string with a sinusoidally varying velocity and two stationary boundaries; (II) a translating string with a sinusoidally varying velocity, a sinusoidally moving boundary, and a stationary boundary; (III) a translating string with a sinusoidally varying velocity and two sinusoidally moving boundaries; (IV) a stationary string with a sinusoidally moving boundary and a stationary boundary; and (V) a stationary string with two sinusoidally moving boundaries. Unlike parametric instability regions of lumped-parameter systems that are classified as principal, secondary, and combination instability regions, the parametric instability regions of the class of distributed structural systems considered here are classified as period-1 and period-i (i&gt;1) instability regions. Period-1 parametric instability regions are analytically obtained; an equivalent total velocity vector is introduced to express them for all the cases considered. While period-i (i&gt;1) parametric instability regions can be numerically calculated using bifurcation diagrams, it is shown that only period-1 parametric instability regions exist in case IV, and no period-i (i&gt;1) parametric instability regions can be numerically found in case V. Unlike parametric instability in a lumped-parameter system that is characterized by an unbounded displacement, the parametric instability phenomenon discovered here is characterized by a bounded displacement and an unbounded vibratory energy due to formation of infinitely compressed shock-like waves. There are seven independent parameters in the governing equation and boundary conditions, and the parametric instability regions in the seven-dimensional parameter space can be projected to a two-dimensional parameter plane if five parameters are specified. Period-1 parametric instability occurs in certain excitation frequency bands centered at the averaged natural frequencies of the systems in all the cases. If the parameters are chosen to be in the period-i (i≥1) parametric instability region corresponding to an integer k, an initial smooth wave will be infinitely compressed to k shock-like waves as time approaches infinity. The stable and unstable responses of the linear model in case I are compared with those of a corresponding nonlinear model that considers the coupled transverse and longitudinal vibrations of the translating string and an intermediate linear model that includes the effect of the tension change due to axial acceleration of the string on its transverse vibration. The parametric instability in the original linear model can exist in the nonlinear and intermediate linear models.

High-Current Stages in a Low-Pressure Glow Discharge With Hollow Cathode

This paper presents an interpretation of the dense and superdense glow discharge stages in pseudospark switch geometry. The discharge is treated as a self-organizing system that is able to rearrange itself to provide the current requested by external electric circuit. The principal discharge regions in the glow stages are the hollow-cathode plasma, the positive column plasma, and the double electric layer that separates these plasma regions. A model that allows some quantitative estimates when applied to the hollow-cathode plasma is developed, in which a generalized secondary emission coefficient that considers an external emission current is introduced. The abrupt transition from dense glow stage to superdense glow stage occurs because of microexplosions at the cathode surface and appearing the metal vapor plasma. In terms of the model, this means an abrupt increase in the secondary emission coefficient. The comparison with the experiment is made for discharges in hydrogen and xenon at a current up to several kiloamperes and at a current rise time from several microseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds. The physical reasons for the current quenching effect that manifests itself at a decreased gas pressure are also discussed.

Parametric Instability of Square Laminated Plates in Hygrothermal Environment

The present paper investigates the parametric instability of square laminated plates subjected to periodic dynamic loadings in hygrothermal environment. The effects of various parameters like the increase in static load factor and the degree of orthotropy of simply supported composite plates at elevated temperatures and moisture concentrations on the principal instability regions are investigated using finite element method. The effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are used to study the antisymmetric angle-ply square plates. A simple laminated plate model is developed for the parametric instability of square laminated plates subjected to hygrothermal loading. A computer program based on FEM in MATLAB environment is developed to perform all necessary computations. The results show that instability of square laminated plates occurs for different parameters with an increase in temperature and moisture environment. The onset of instability occurs earlier, and the width of dynamic instability regions increases with a rise in temperature and moisture for different parameters. The effect of damping shows that there is a finite critical value of dynamic load factor for each instability region below which the square laminated plates cannot become unstable.

Insights into the Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Laurentian margin: detrital apatite and zircon (U–Th)/He ages from Devonian strata of the Franklinian Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands

Middle to Upper Devonian strata of the Franklinian Basin in the Canadian Arctic contain a rich record of Phanerozoic tectonic events along the northern margin of Laurentia. We report detrital thermochronometric zircon (U–Th)/He ages (ZHe; number of aliquots, n = 72) and apatite (U–Th)/He ages (AHe; n = 38) from these Paleozoic strata in an effort to better understand the sediment source regions and the exhumation history of the basin. Detrital ZHe ages are older than corresponding stratigraphic ages and were not reset during subsequent burial, thus constraining both maximum burial depths (&lt;7 km) within the basin and source terrane thermal–tectonic evolution. Paleocurrent data, sediment composition, εNd values and detrital zircon U–Pb ages from previous studies indicate Middle to Upper Devonian strata of the Franklinian Basin are derived from two principal sediment source regions, the East Greenland Caledonides and a northern continental landmass (referred to as Crockerland). However, ZHe ages indicate these two distinctly different source regions experienced coeval exhumation in the Silurian Period. ZHe ages from Crockerland-derived sediment provide evidence that this landmass, which collided with northern Laurentia during the Ellesmerian Orogeny, was associated with the Caledonian Orogen. AHe ages from Middle to Upper Devonian strata are younger than depositional ages, indicating the AHe ages are at least partially reset since deposition and hence record information about exhumation of the strata and not the sediment source region. Dispersion of AHe single-grain ages from Middle Devonian strata along the southeastern margin of the basin suggest complex initial single-grain characteristics and may indicate long residence time in the He partial retention zone. AHe ages from Upper Devonian samples from the western margin of the basin are also dispersed but indicate the region experienced protracted exhumation from 330 to 190 Ma during early stages of Sverdrup Basin development. AHe ages from Middle Devonian samples from the western margin of the basin suggest two potential periods of prolonged exhumation in Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to Aptian) and Late Cretaceous (Campanian) times. These ages partially coincide with regional erosional or nondepositional events followed by deposition of major clastic units in the adjacent Sverdrup Basin.

Alterations in hippocampal network oscillations and theta–gamma coupling arise before Aβ overproduction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairments. Brain oscillatory activity is critical for cognitive function and is altered in AD patients. Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) induces reorganization of hippocampal networks. However, whether fine changes in network activity might be present at very early stages, before Aβ overproduction, remains to be determined. We therefore assessed whether theta and gamma oscillations and their cross-frequency coupling, which are known to be essential for normal memory function, were precociously altered in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological field potential recordings were performed using complete hippocampal preparations in vitro from young transgenic CRND8 mice, a transgenic mouse model of AD. Our results indicate that a significant proportion of 1-month-old TgCRND8 mice showed robust alterations of theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling in the principal output region of the hippocampus, the subiculum. In addition we showed that, compared to controls, these mice expressed negligible levels of Aβ. Finally, these network alterations were not due to genetic factors as 15-day-old animals did not exhibit theta-gamma coupling alterations. Thus, initial alterations in hippocampal network activity arise before Aβ accumulation and may represent an early biomarker for AD.

Dynamic stability of piezoelectric laminated cylindrical shells with delamination

The dynamic stability of a composite laminated cylindrical shell containing a throughout delamination along circumferential direction integrated with piezoelectric layers at both inner and outer surfaces is investigated in this article. The Heaviside step function is used to describe the displacement components in the regions with and without delamination. Based on the classical shell theory, linear piezoelastic constitutive relationship, and variational principle, the governing equations of motion are derived and then solved by employing Rayleigh–Ritz method and Bolotin method to obtain the principal unstable region. Numerical results are presented in both tabular and graphical forms to show the effects of the piezoelectric layer; the length, depth, and location of the delamination; and the static axial force on the resonance frequency and the principal unstable region of the delaminated piezoelectric laminated shell.

Abstract 2552: A genome-wide association study of prostate cancer in West African men.

Abstract Age-adjusted mortality rates for prostate cancer are higher for Africa compared with North America or Western Europe. In addition, African American men are noted to have higher age-adjusted incidence rates of this malignancy than European American men. Coupled with the fact that West Africa is the principal ancestral region of African-American men has led to the hypothesis that there may exist distinct ancestral genetic profiles which mediate prostate cancer risk. In addition, advantages of conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of prostate cancer in African men include a more discrete linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, a higher number of private single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the predominance of symptomatic disease, and assessment of unique exposures. The Ghana Prostate Study was conducted collaboratively involving the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the University of Ghana during 2006-2012. The NCI Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory genotyped 494 prostate cancer cases and 498 population controls using the Illumina HumanOmni5-Quad BeadChip. Associations were assessed using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and genetic ancestry. We sought to validate the 30 most promising SNP associations with prostate cancer through the African American Prostate Cancer GWAS Consortium. A novel locus at 10p14 for prostate cancer risk was the strongest signal detected, and the 8 SNPs at this locus were in LD. This locus is located 360 kb 5’ of GATA3 and the 8 SNPs reside within an intron of LincRNA gene RP11-543F8.2. Analysis of African 1000 Genomes Project data did not indicate LD between 10p14 SNPs and splice or exonic SNPs of this gene, while HaploReg found no significant enrichment of enhancer elements. None of the most promising 30 SNPs replicated in the African American Prostate Cancer GWAS Consortium. This may be due to chance or differences in population genetics, environment, and/or proportion of symptomatic disease. Further genetic studies of prostate cancer in African men are needed to validate the 10p14 susceptibility locus. Citation Format: Michael B. Cook, Zhaoming Wang, Edward D. Yeboah, Andrew A. Adjei, Yao Tettey, Richard B. Biritwum, Evelyn Tay, Ann Truelove, Shelley Niwa, Lisa Chu, Meredith Yeager, Amy Hutchinson, Kai Yu, Christopher A. Haiman, African American Prostate Cancer GWAS Consortium, Robert N. Hoover, Ann Hsing, Stephen J. Chanock. A genome-wide association study of prostate cancer in West African men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2552. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2552

Research on the Physical and Chemical Characterization of Meat Resulting from B.U.T. Big 6 Turkey Hybrid

Poultry occupied and continues to occupy an important place in human nutrition, position occupied thanks of its nutritional qualities. This paper presents results of a study concerning the quality of turkey meat stored under refrigeration. The biological material was represented by the principal muscular regions B.U.T. Big 6 hybrid groups. For the characterization of meat quality from physical-chemical point of view, the percentage of protein, fat, water, collagen in fresh meat (immediately after slaughter) from the major muscle groups were determined, as well as the pH determined after slaughter, during maturation, autolysis and alteration process. The results revealed differences in the average percentage of water determined by regions, the average being 69.8% established in the breast, 71.94% in the upper thigh, 70.58% in the inferior thigh and 70.76% in the wings. The dry substance registered average values of 30.2% in the breast, 28.06% and 30.43% in the superior thigh, respectively the inferior one and 33.23% in the wings. Regarding the evolution of pH, it showed statistically significant differences in measurements depending on the process. These investigations are part of a larger study whose primary goal is to characterize the chemical properties of the meat obtained from turkey hybrids destined for meat production.