Principal Position Research Articles

INVESTIGATION INTO THE BEHAVIOUR AND MODELLING OF CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS IN NON-METRIC DIGITAL CAMERAS

Abstract. Chromatic aberration in colour digital camera imagery can affect the accuracy of photogrammetric reconstruction. Both longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberrations can be effectively modelled by making separate measurements in each of the blue, green and red colour bands and performing a specialized self-calibrating bundle adjustment. This paper presents the results of an investigation with two aims. The first aim is to quantify the presence of chromatic aberration in two sets of cameras: the six individual cameras comprising a Ladybug5 system, calibrated simultaneously in air; and four GoPro Hero 5 cameras calibrated independently under water. The second aim is to investigate the impacts of imposing different constraints in the self-calibration adjustment. To this end, four different adjustment cases were performed for all ten cameras: independent adjustment of the observations from each colour band; combined adjustment of all colour bands’ observations with common object points; combined adjustment of all colour bands with common object points and common exterior orientation parameters for each colour band triplet; and combined adjustment with common object points and certain common interior orientation parameters. The results show that the Ladybug5 cameras exhibit a small (1-2 pixel) amount of transverse chromatic aberration but no longitudinal chromatic aberration. The GoPro Hero 5 cameras exhibit significant (25 pixel) transverse chromatic aberration as well as longitudinal chromatic aberration. The principal distance was essentially independent of the adjustment case for the Ladybug5, but it was not for the GoPro Hero 5. The principal point position and precision were both affected considerably by adjustment case. Radial lens distortion was invariant to the adjustment case. The impact of adjustment case on decentring distortion was minimal in both cases.

KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN KEPALA SEKOLAH

This research described the principal personality competence in Senior High School 1 Ketahun. This research was designed with qualitative descriptive method. Subject of this research was the head master of Senior High School 1 Ketahun. The data were collected by interviews, observations and documentation. Then the collected data analyzed with qualitative technique. The results of this study identifies that (1) the headmaster of Senior High School 1 Ketahun has the integrity of personality as a leader through the ability to find the right, the attitude of responsibility, cultivate trust, appointment, care, honest and consistent. (2) the principal has a desire in self-development through an understanding of the importance of life goals, initiative, loving ideas and experimenting, daring to innovate, optimistic and daring to learn a thing. (3) the principal has an open attitude in implementing the basic tasks and functions through its ability to deliver messages objectively, be content-oriented, and seek information. (4) the ability of the principal to control himself through his ability to regulate implementation, control the stimulus and be able to anticipate events. (5) the principal has the talent and interest in the position shown through his understanding of the principal's position. Finally, based on the results of the discussion above, the researcher suggests to the principal to more develop the indicator of self development especially in simple attitude and ethic while act.

An Analysis of the Status of women Leadership in Education Sector of the catchment areas of Wolaita Sodo University

The purpose of this study was to investigate causes for the underrepresentation of women in top positions of the education sector of the catchment areas of Wolaita Sodo University. Hence, to realize this purpose, secondary school teachers, principals of secondary schools, and supervisors of all levels, and heads of education offices and departments of Dawro and Wolaita administrative zones were used as the target population. In order to make the study manageable, the sample secondary schools teachers were selected by simple random sampling technique, and principals and supervisors were selected through purposive sampling techniques. Descriptive survey research design and concurrent mixed approaches were applied. Both close-ended and open-ended questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used to collect data. Frequency counts, and percentages were employed for quantitative data through close-ended questionnaire. Data through qualitative questionnaire were narrated and used for the sake of triangulation. The finding showed that women were underrepresented due to self-related factors, socio-cultural factors, institutional factors, economic factors, and political-legal factors in the leadership positions of secondary and primary schools, principal ship positions, and supervisory positions. Thus, it was concluded that though the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has taken a number of affirmative actions and stipulated the issue of empowering women in the constitution, yet women were strikingly underrepresented in Dawro and Wolaita zones of south Ethiopia, particularly in the education sector. Therefore, it was recommended that taking into account that women are half the population, talented in leadership and management and the advantage of gender diversity in educational leadership institutions, government and the large society should strive towards empowering women.

Re-constructing Catholic school leadership: integrating mission, identity and practice

The genesis for this conceptual article is the serious universal concern for Catholic school leadership into the future. Catholic school systems are struggling to attract suitably qualified and experienced applicants for vacant principal positions. Arguably, the simultaneously essential responsibilities of being both the Catholic leader and the educational leader are becoming a deterrent. For a growing number of potential future Catholic school principals it seems that high quality performance in each of these two important responsibilities is mutually incompatible and, therefore, unachievable. Thus the departure point for this article is its argument that high quality Catholic and educational leadership is one and the same thing. When high quality leadership is understood as essentially a transrelational phenomenon, the educational leadership practice of the Catholic school principal will simultaneously fulfil their Catholic and educational leadership responsibilities. Hence, this article not only describes what constitutes transrelational leadership but also illustrates how such practices provide the means by which the principal is readily able to personally promote and model the Catholic mission and identity of the school.

Down Syndrome: Gait Pattern Alterations in Posture Space Kinematics.

Gait characteristics in Down syndrome (DS) are documented in terms of discrete kinematic variables. However, such features are strictly interrelated and reflect neurological and developmental delays. A phenotypical, quantitative assessment of how multi-joint walking patterns are activated and controlled during gait would enhance the understanding of locomotor mechanisms in such patients. We adopted an analysis framework based on principal component analysis: the gait kinematics of 221 patients aged 6-45 were expressed in terms of a reduced set of one-dimensional movement components. Their time course during the gait cycle was described by score vectors, here called principal positions; its second time derivative, called principal acceleration, characterized the activity of the neuromuscular controller on each component. Outcomes were compared to an age-matched group of 49 healthy individuals. After controlling for the effect of walking speed, we observed that the main alterations in gait patterns emerged in the fourth component which is mostly devoted to stability management (group differences, p < 0.001). Rather, the main sagittal-plane locomotor patterns showed only subtle differences from the control group. Using statistical parametrical mapping, we found when (step-to-step transitions) and how (interrelated joints motion) the fourth movement deviated from normal: in particular, an excessive hip adduction and trunk inclination during the transition between single and double support phases. These findings match the neurological and sensorimotor trait of DS and suggest the promotion of targeted rehabilitative interventions. Furthermore, this paper opens to the adoption of principal positions and principal accelerations to investigate the neuromuscular control of movement patterns during locomotion.

Being a Saudi and Qatari Female Principal: Position Demands, Challenges, and Advice

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;This qualitative study examined what female principals in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, two historically male-dominated cultures who are actively implementing reforms to provide women with more leadership opportunities, reported as typical elements of their daily work. The study also examined the challenges that these female principals reported in their efforts to improve the learning environment in their schools and what advice they would give to women entering the field of school leadership. The themes that emerged from the data were used to construct a grounded theory of the daily responsibilities of Saudi and Qatari female principals, the challenges that faced in fulfilling those responsibilities, and how they advised women entering principal positions to prepare to respond to those challenges.&lt;/p&gt;

The methodology of complex social hygienic investigation of various groups of population and families (In memoriam of professor O. V. Grinina)

The article expounds main principal positions of professor O. V. Grinina scientific educational methodological school of social hygienic investigations of health of population and family. The methodological analysis of scientific works of professor O. V. Grinina and her disciples was implemented to demonstrate key positions and results of studies constituting scientific school of program methodological basics of complex social hygienic studies of population health, health care and conditions of life of families. The purpose of publication is to characterize indications of the school of complex social hygienic investigations of priority population groups and families. These issues are covered by thematic fundamental works substantiating patterns of formation and estimation of health of families, program methodological issues of complex medical social studies of family and its individual members, availability of large group за disciples developing priority issues of investigation of population health at the level of family and organization of medical care based on the principles of per family observations, general (family) medical practice. The results are demonstrated and patterns are established containing in implemented complex social hygienic per family studies of various population groups, women, children and families in 1970s-1990s. The methodological significance of valid family-focused technologies in new social economic conditions of development of society and health care and principles of curative preventive activities in conditions of mandatory medical insurance are demonstrated. The professor O. V. Grinina substantiated and developed program of medical social characteristic of family. its sections and methodology of long-term continuous monitoring of family. She also determined characteristics of health of family as a group patient, principles of work of out-patient physicians with families directly at the polyclinic district.

Exploring intersectionality and the employment of school leaders

Purpose There is growing recognition of the importance of educator diversity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the production, placement and employment of school leaders as assistant principals, principals and school leaders in Texas by the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender over 23 years. Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative study that employs multilevel logistic regression analysis to examine using 25 years of educator employment data from Texas. Findings The authors find descriptive evidence of an increase in diversity of school leaders driven by a decreasing percentage of white men educators and an increasing percentage of Latina educators. Important differences, however, emerge when examining assistant principal vs principal positions, particularly with respect to the odds of being hired. The authors find black male and Latino educators are more likely than white male educators to be hired as an assistant principal but are less likely than white male educators to be hired as a principal. Women educators, regardless of race/ethnicity were less likely to be hired as assistant principals or principals relative to white male educators. Women of color had the lowest odds of being hired in any position relative to white male educators. With respect to school leader preparation program accountability, the authors find few program characteristics associated with placement and differences between programs explained very little of the variation in placement rates, bringing into question efforts to hold programs accountable for such outcomes. Originality/value A longitudinal examination of racial/ethnic and gender intersectionality over 25 years is a unique contribution to the study of inequitable access to school leadership positions.

Use of Medicare Administrative Claims to Identify a Population at High Risk for Adverse Drug Events and Hospital Use for Quality Improvement.

A system using administrative claims to monitor medication use patterns and associated adverse events is not currently available. Establishment of a standardized method to identify Medicare beneficiaries at high risk for adverse events, by assessing Medicare Part D medication claim patterns and associated outcomes, including outpatient adverse drug events (ADEs) and hospital use, enhances prevention efforts and monitoring for quality improvement efforts. To (a) demonstrate that Medicare claims data can be used to identify a population of beneficiaries at high risk for adverse events for quality improvement and (b) define trends associated with adverse health outcomes in identified high-risk beneficiaries for quality improvement opportunities. We used Medicare fee-for-service Part D claims data to identify a population at high risk for adverse events by evaluating medication use patterns. This population was taking at least 3 medications, 1 of which was an anticoagulant, an opioid, or an antidiabetic agent. Next, we used associated Part A claims to calculate rates of outpatient ADEs, looking for specific ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM codes in the principal diagnosis code position. Rates of hospital use (inpatient hospitalization, observation stays, emergency department visits, and 30-day rehospitalizations) were also evaluated for the identified high-risk population. The data were then shared for targeted quality improvement. We identified 8,178,753 beneficiaries at high risk for adverse events, or 20.7% of the total eligible fee-for-service population (time frame of October 2016-September 2017). The overall rate of outpatient ADEs for beneficiaries at high risk was 46.28 per 1,000, with anticoagulant users demonstrating the highest rate of ADEs (68.52/1,000), followed by opioid users (42.11/1,000) and diabetic medication users (20.72/1,000). As expected, the primary setting for beneficiaries at high risk to seek care for outpatient ADEs was the emergency department, followed by inpatient hospitalizations and observation stays. Medicare claims are an accessible source of data, which can be used to establish for quality improvement a population at high risk for ADEs and increased hospital use. Using medication use patterns to attribute risk and associated outcomes, such as outpatient ADEs and hospital use, is a simple process that can be readily implemented. The described method has the potential to be further validated and used as a foundation to monitor population-based quality improvement efforts for medication safety. This work was performed under contract HHSM-500-2014-QINNCC, Modification No. 000004, funded by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CMS did not have a role in the analysis. At the time of this analysis, Digmann, Peppercorn, Zhang, Irby, and Brock were employees of Telligen, which was awarded the National Coordinating Center-Quality Improvement Organization contract from CMS, which supported the work. Ryan was an employee at Qsource, which was awarded the Quality Innovation Network-Quality Improvement Organization contract from CMS, which supported the work. Thomas was employed by CMS. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views or policies of the CMS. This work is posted on the QIOprogram.org website, as recommended in the Common Rule ( https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/regulations/common-rule/index.html ).

Restriction of the Fermion Mass Spectrum in PT-Symmetric Systems and its Implications For Studying Dark Matter

We formulate principal positions of a non-Hermitian model with a γ5-extension of the fermion mass, which are often neglected in investigating this subject. A consistent approach to this problem requires the constraint m ≤ M, where M bounds the entire fermion mass spectrum. An analogous approach was proposed in the geometric model, which can be regarded as the first PT-symmetric non-Hermitian fermion model with a γ5-extension of mass. Exotic particles appear in both these theories. A detailed consideration of the properties of these particles allows conjecturing that they are possible candidates in the structure of dark matter. We also discuss a simple estimate for determining the maximum admissible value of the fermion mass M.

Functional Non‐Volatile Memory Devices: From Fundamentals to Photo‐Tunable Properties

As one of the five basic components in a modern computer system, memory plays a key role in data storage while the Von Neumann architecture still occupies a principal position in modern digital era. With the rapid development of portable electronic devices, non‐volatile memories are of great importance in human's daily life. High‐performance memory devices are highly demanded, and novel materials applied to flash memory and resistive random access memory (ReRAM) have been widely investigated. The functionalities of memories can be broadened with the development of semiconductor technologies. As a facile and low‐power electromagnetic wave, light can be another modulation medium, which will not bring destructive operation and can enhance the device performance. In this review, the focus is on flash memory and ReRAM based on various functional materials as well as the recent development of photo‐tunable memories.

Principal Turnover under No Child Left behind Accountability Pressure

Background/Context The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was a performance-based accountability policy designed to motivate educators and administrators to change their behaviors and improve school and student outcomes. The simple logic behind this accountability policy was that they would change their behaviors to avoid sanctions. Many studies have investigated the impact of NCLB on students and teachers; however, little research has examined its impact on school principals even though they were a prime target of NCLB. Purpose/Objective This study fills the gap in the literature and investigates the impact of NCLB sanctions on principal turnover. It answers whether NCLB's informal and formal sanctions influenced principal turnover behaviors and whether the influence was moderated by principal and school characteristics. It also examines patterns in principal transfers and position changes. Research Design This study uses longitudinal administrative data and detailed school-level assessment data obtained from Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education from 2001–02 to 2009–10. It constructs a distance variable to the adequate yearly progress threshold and uses it as a key matching variable in propensity score matching to identify comparable schools not facing NCLB sanctions. Postmatching logistic regression models identify the impact of NCLB sanctions. Findings/Results Although I find no evidence that informal sanction affected principal turnover, the impact is significantly moderated by principals’ job experience, Title I school status, and the percent of non-White students. The first-year NCLB sanction does not appear to have affected principal turnover. However, this finding needs to be interpreted with caution because of the way the NCLB sanction system is structured and the small sample sizes. A descriptive analysis of the relationship between the second-year NCLB sanction and beyond, and principal turnover suggests that principals tend to leave their schools when they face NCLB sanctions. Finally, I find that principals transfer away from Title I schools, transfer to schools with a smaller number of high-needs students, and take positions at district central offices, regardless of whether they face NCLB sanctions. Collectively, NCLB sanctions appear to have impacted principal turnover. Conclusions/Recommendations The results from this study have policy implications. They suggest that policy makers should provide professional support and adequate resources for principals, especially inexperienced principals, who work at low-performing schools and face sanctions. Moreover, policy makers should develop and embed a policy in new accountability systems that addresses inequity in the distribution of principal quality.

Лингвистическая политика в Якутии в контексте советского нациестроительства 1920—1930-х годов: новый якутский алфавит

The authors present the concept of alphabetical construction in Yakutia during the Soviet modernization. It is emphasized that the Yakut region as a special historical and cultural space was characterized by the intensity of civilizational dialogue and exchange of ideas, political strategies and practices. The authors note that the socialist reconstruction actualized the “linguistic” turn in the intellectual environment of the Yakut ASSR in the 1920s-1930s. Two principal positions are characterized in the ongoing heated debate about the graphics of the Yakut alphabet (Cyrillic, on which N. N. Poppe, E. K. Pekarskiy, A. E. Kulakovskiy and V. N. Leontyev insisted, and Latinized, advocated by A. N. Samoylovich, B. M. Grande, S. A. Novgorodov, P. A. Oyunsky). Special attention is paid to the linguistic project developed by the linguist G. V. Baishev (Altan Saryn), which echoes the ideas of linguistic pan-Turkism. For the first time P. A. Oyunsky’s scientific activity in the years of postgraduate study in Moscow (1932-1935), where he was in the “ideological” circle of outstanding linguists, is analysed. It is shown that the worldview and practice of the national intelligentsia were concentrated on experiments on alphabetical construction. The novelty of the research is seen in the methodological innovation: the combination of approaches of transnational and intellectual history allowed to reveal the importance of the presented language projects in the framework of political discourse.

Biomechanics in posture space: Properties and relevance of principal accelerations for characterizing movement control

Human movements, recorded through kinematic data, can be described by means of principal component analysis (PCA) through a small set of variables representing correlated segment movements. The PC-eigenvectors then form a basis in the associated vector space of postural changes. Similar to 3D movements, the kinematics in this posture space can be quantified through ‘principal’ positions (PPs), velocities (PVs) and accelerations (PAs). The PAs represent a novel set of variables characterizing neuro-muscular control. The aim of the current technical note was to (i) compare the variance explained by PAs with the variance explained by PPs; (ii) clarify the relationship between PAs and segment accelerations; and (iii) compare variability of the first principal acceleration (PA1) with the local dynamic stability (largest Lyapunov exponent, LyE) of the first principal position (PP1). A PCA was applied on 3D upper-body positions collected by an Xsens inertial sensor system as nineteen volunteers performed a bimanual repetitive tapping task. The main finding revealed that the PP-explained variance considerably differed from the PA-explained variance, indicating that the latter should be considered when reducing the dimensionality in postural movement analysis through a PCA. Further, the current study formally established that the acceleration curves obtained from differentiating segment positions and from linear combinations of PAs are identical. Finally, a strong correlation, r(17) = 0.92, p < 0.001, was observed between the cycle-to-cycle variability in PA1 and the LyE calculated for PP1, supporting the notion that PA variability and LyE share some of the information they provide about movement control.

Becoming a Principal: Access Factors for Females

Guided by Standpoint Theory, researchers conducted this case study to identify factors influencing access to Oklahoma’s secondary school principalship for four female first-time principals. Regardless of equity legislation and increasing numbers of females with advanced degrees, the numbers of men and women who hold secondary school administration positions continue to be disproportionate to their numbers in the teaching profession. Three standpoints emerged: In the transition from teacher to administrator, each participant was nurtured by another individual; male sponsors were their primary encouragers; and participants had strong emotional investments in the schools and communities of their employment. Aspiring female principals should cultivate strong support systems, seek out mentors, and strengthen their professional networks. Accepting stepping-stone administrative positions may be an essential starting point for aspiring female secondary principals; administrative skills can be gained through internships, assistant principal positions, and administrative positions in lower grade levels.

A Brief Analysis of Cave Types of Danxia Landform in Xinjiang Basin

The Xinjiang basin’s tectonic site properly on the suture where the two plates of Yangtze and Cathaysia collided. It had suffered an evolution history from rift basin to fault basin affected by Movement of Pacific Block since Mesozoic and had deposited a set of huge thick bedded terrestrial facies fragmentary system. There developed amount of Danxia Landforms in the basin with the effects of exogenic geological process. Cavernous weathering is the common phenomenon in Danxia Landform areas. The evolution of Danxia cave is controlled by lithologic characters, cleavages and fissures. The siltstone and sandstone and pebbled sandstone interlayers of Upper Cretaceous Chongan Formation are the principal stratigraphic position of forming the caves. It is considered that the devolvement of the caves in the surveyed area frequently results from the synthetic action of multifold external powers, just as the weathering denudation, water currents, and gravitational force.

SOCIAL RANK STYLES, MACHIAVELLIANISM AND THE ATTITUDE TOWARD CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION

Conspicuous consumption describes signalling of one’s buying power in order to impress others and secure and/or preserve a favourable place in a social hierarchy. The current study, involving 200 junior and senior high school students from Serbia, examined inclination for lavish spending on brand name clothes in relation to social dominance. Our aim was to examine a predictive relationship between an exploitative interpersonal strategy (marked by Machiavellianism, Leadership, and Ruthless Self−Advancement), and the attitude toward conspicuous consumption. Our respondents with high esteem of power, emanating from the principal position within a group, and prone to Machiavellianism and Ruthless Self−Advancement, had a positive attitude toward conspicuous consumption (an indirect measure of the actual behaviour). Although one’s attitude toward conspicuous consumption is likely to be multifaceted, our findings suggest that a positive attitude towards conspicuous consumption may be an accompanying ingredient of the opportunistic and calculating life strategy. The results indicate that conspicuous consumption is most likely embedded in the social ranking processes.

Changing trends in etiologies of hospitalized patients with liver disease during 2006 -2014

Objective: To analyze the changing trends in etiologies of hospitalized patients with liver disease and provide clinical basis for the formulation of medical policy. Methods: Patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases from 2006 to 2014 were selected as the research subjects. Data of patients with liver diseases were retrospectively analyzed to determine the proportion of main causes of infection, the proportion of different viral infections in viral hepatitis, and the changing trends in proportion of hepatitis B in different age groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. Results: During 9 consecutive years, the overall proportion of inpatients with liver disease decreased continuously, but the number of patients increased. The top five etiologies of liver diseases were viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The proportion of viral hepatitis decreased gradually, and the proportion of drug-induced liver disease and autoimmune liver disease increased markedly. Among viral hepatitis patients, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E were in the top three, with hepatitis B stabilized at around 70%, and the proportion of hepatitis C showed an upward trend. The hospitalization time of hepatitis B patients was gradually shortened, the difference was statistically significant (χ (2) = 205.31, P < 0.001), and the hepatitis B patients were mainly distributed in age groups 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60, the total proportion was above 60%. The difference between the different years of the same age group was not evident, but the proportion of hepatitis B patients decreased gradually in the 14-23 -year- old age group, the difference was statistically significant (χ (2) = 19.51, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Liver disease still holds a principal position in the distribution of infectious diseases, and especially the cause of non-infectious liver disease require sufficient attention and concern. The use of hepatitis B vaccine has effectively diminished the infection rate, but the prevention and control of chronic hepatitis B infection is still facing challenges.

Research on Oral English Flipped Classroom Projectbased Teaching Model Based on Cooperative Learning in China

Project-based teaching method is a new task-driven and project-oriented teaching mode, it has become an effective means of practical teaching. However, in the process of project-based teaching, there are also some problems, such as difficult to control classroom teaching time and so on. As a new teaching mode under the background of informationization, flipped classroom can fully realize students’ principal position in learning activities. Based on the applied research of English oral flipped classroom teaching, the concept of flipped classroom teaching is integrated into project-based teaching in this paper. By using flipped classroom and cooperative learning, students can reduce the time of teachers’ classroom instruction and increase the time of students’ participation in project practice through independent learning of network courseware before class, it can make up for the shortcoming of classroom teaching time in project-based teaching.

УГОДА МІЖ КОМУНІСТИЧНОЮ ВЛАДОЮ ТА ЄПИСКОПАТОМ ПОЛЬЩІ 1950 р.

The article explores the process of preparation and signing of the Agreement between the representatives of the government of Polish Republic (PR) and the Polish Episcopate during the first four months of 1950. The main focus is on the policy of communist power regarding the Catholic Church. The essence of this policy was to continue to exert pressure on the church in order to force it to sign an agreement on favorable conditions for the power. Repressive measures of the ruling regime are highlighted. The principal position of the Polish primate S. Vyshynsky concerning the negotiation process is established. The main provisions of the Agreement between the representatives of the government of PR and the Polish Episcopate are analyzed. The article gives an assessment of the results of the agreement by the party-state leadership of Poland, which has made from the Catholic Church its official recognition and some significant concessions. However, the authorities continued to declare their tolerance towards religion and pledged not to restrict church activities and teach religion in schools. The results of the signing the agreement for the Catholic Church in Poland, which received a temporary respite in confrontation with the authorities, are described. The agreement became a kind of shield for the church from the further aggression of party-state structures.