Primary Informants Research Articles

Emotional Regulation in Adolescent Girls when Experiencing Menstrual Pain or Dysmenorrhea

The biological pride of young women is characterized by a standard physical mechanism of menstruation or menstruation followed by pain in the lower abdomen. The pain results in psychological symptoms such as anxiety, tension, anger, or emotion. Young women who cannot regulate their feelings properly are more likely to experience severe pain or so-called dysmenorrhea. Emotional regulation is the achievement of emotional balance performed by a person either from his attitude or behavior. This study aims to examine the regulation of emotions in young women who experience dysmenorrhea during menstruation. Assessment through aspects of emotional regulation, namely emotional regulation strategies, behaviors to achieve goals, control emotional responses, and acceptance of emotional responses. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data retrieval was conducted through semi-structured interviews of two primary informants and four secondary informants. Credibility using triangulation of sources and methods. Data analysis using interactive model data analysis. This study's findings are that both young women's ability to regulate their emotions during menstruation can relieve severe pain or dysmenorrhea during menstruation.

DISSOCIATIVE TRANCE DISORDER MECHANISM AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This research aims to examine the mechanism of dissociative trance disorder among university students in Purwokerto. The research focuses on the mechanism of dissociative trance disorder among university students in Purwokerto. The research method is qualitative with a case study approach. There are 4 participants and 4 secondary informants in this research. Those who have experienced dissociative trance disorder become primary informants while those who have close relationships with the primary informants become secondary informants. The data were analyzed by using an interactive model, involving data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing a conclusion. The research result revealed that there are 4 informants who go through the mechanism in the process of dissociative trance disorder occurrence. The mechanism includes four stages, namely the physical symptoms stage, the pre-loss of consciousness stage, the loss of consciousness stage, and the conscious stage.

SOURCES OF WORK SATISFACTION ON NON-CIVIL SERVANT TEACHERS IN RURAL VILLAGE OF KAMPUNG LAUT CILACAP

The purpose and focus of this research are to find out the sources of work satisfaction on non-civil servant Primary School teachers in rural area of Kampung Laut. This qualitative research used phenomenology approach with 4 primary informants. The data were collected using interview. The credibility used by the researcher was inter-researcher triangulation. The results showed similarity and difference from the 4 informants. All of the informants stated that work satisfaction had several affecting factors. One of the satisfactions was when teacher had taught well and correctly to improve the students' knowledge so they could reach achievement index that the school wanted and helped their school to be better than before. Colleagues that helped and motivated each other resulted a passion at work and made the teachers satisfied with their work. The relationship between the leader and colleagues such as motivating each other, helping each other, and showing solidarity created a good working condition.

PENERAPAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT RUMAH TANGGA DIPATANPANUA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Clean and healthy living behavior in the household is an effort to empower household members to know, be willing, and practice clean and healthy living behaviors and play an active role in the health movement in the community. Coronavirus (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2 (SARS COV-2). The first case began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province. On March 12, 2020, WHO has announced that Covid-19 is a pandemic case until April 5, 2020; WHO stated that this disease has spread to more than 200 countries/regions/regions. ) during the covid-19 pandemic in Patanpanua Village, Matakali District, Polewali Mandar Regency The research method used was a qualitative method with interviews with informants to explore information, knowledge, and application of informants in clean and healthy living behavior in Patanpanua during the covid19 pandemic, using eight informants consisting of 2 key informants, five primary informants, and one additional informant. The study results found that the implementation of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in Dipatanpanua during the covid-19 pandemic had been carried out but was not maximized. Knowledge and application of PHBS during the Covid-19 period are pretty good, but some informants and indicators of PHBS have not been met. This study concludes that public knowledge about the implementation of PHBS during the pandemic is quite good but not optimal and needs to be increased again to achieve health status. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the implementation of PHBS, especially during the pandemic, which is still ongoing now.

Antenatal Care for Pregnant Women Infected with HIV/AIDS in Bonto Bahari District, Bulukumba Regency, Indonesia

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the description of Antenatal Care in pregnant women infected with HIV/AIDS in Bonto Bahari District, Bulukumba Regency. Methods: This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with snowballing sampling techniques. The number of informants was six people consisting of one key informant and five primary informants. Results: The knowledge of pregnant women about HIV was low. In areas where HIV-infected pregnant women live, the health service centre is available such as a Public Health Centre (Puskesmas) that can be accessible. Pregnant women were looking for treatment at the Puskesmas around their area. Unfortunately, some pregnant women did not search for any treatment since they were afraid of their HIV status revealed by Health workers and people in Puskesmas. At Puskesmas, they only obtained poor service and discriminated from other non-HIV pregnant women. Those pregnant women acquired support from the family emotionally, financially, and information support. However, some of them also had no support from their families after knowing their illness. Conclusion: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS by pregnant women with HIV positive was low. After realising that their husbands were infected, they were furious and disappointed with their husbands. Besides, the health workers were not good at serving those pregnant women positively with HIV/AIDS. They tended to discriminate from other patients without HIV/AIDS. Family support for pregnant women was including emotional, financial, and information supports

Political Participation of Disability Communities in Makassar Mayor Election 2018

This study aims to determine the political participation of people with disabilities in the general election of the mayor of Makassar in 2018 and to determine the factors supporting and inhibiting political participation of people with disabilities in the election of the mayor of Makassar. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, which describes the political participation of people with disabilities in the general election of the mayor of Makassar in 2018 descriptively. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. In this study, there were ten primary informants. Data analysis techniques by analyzing the results of the processed data are interpreted in the form of narration. While the validation of the data using triangulation. The results showed that the participation of people with disabilities in the Makassar mayoral election in 2018 was quite good because their participation was increasing from year to year. The supporting factors of political participation are the community environment and political awareness, and the completeness of the ballot. At the same time, the inhibiting factor is the lack of relevant data regarding the number of people with disabilities who take part in the election.

The Jaipongan Drumming Strokes in Lagu Gedé in Sundanese Gamelan

This paper aims to describe the Jaipongan drumming strokes in Lagu Gedé. Lagu Gedé is a type of song in Sundanese Karawitan that has a large embat (rhythm). This song includes a dish of drums vocals accompanied by gamelan pelog-salendro with characteristics that have tone, barrel, surupan, embat, gending, slow tempo, embat opat wilet, and bound by the standard rules. Observations were made by appreciating Jaipongan’s performances in Bandung and Karawang. Besides, the author conducts interviews with several primary informants who are directly involved in the arrangement of Jaipongan. Gedé’s point here is to look at it with a smooth, soft, slow serving. The Kiliningan genre has a specific punch motif name for Gede’s song. The name of this variation is called tepak melem. Melem has a delicious or gentle meaning. Tepak melem to accompany Sekar Gending songs in Kiliningan genre. The phenomenon that happens that Lagu Gede is served in Kiliningan dish and used to attend Jaipongan dance. When Jaipongan’s work uses Gedé’s song, it generates innovations. Gedé’s song is no longer presented with a glued drum but with a tepak diteunggeul. Diteunggeul contains the meaning of being hit hard, powerful, dynamic, and fast. This research concluded that jaipongan drumming strokes in Lagu Gedé is realized that drummers and dancers must explore many spaces because it has the freedom to work. After all, they present it in an embat opat wilet (big rhythm). This affects the widening of the number of beats, the position of kenongan, pancer, and gongan. Artists have the freedom to do creativity in working on Gede’s songs. The space of artists in their work can ultimately foster new creativity that impacts the growth and development of Sundanese karawitan.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM ECOPRENEURSHIP PADA SISWA ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) DI SEKOLAH DASAR INKLUSIF

This research was conducted to describe the implementation of the ecopreneurship program in ADHD students including the characteristics, approach/method, parties involved, the impact, and the obstacles of implementation of ecopreneurship program in ADHD students in Inclusive Elementary School. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method conducted at SDN Cibabat Mandiri 2 Kota Cimahi. The subject of this study was ADHD students as the primary informant supported by secondary data from orthopedagog, classroom teachers, and extracurricular teachers. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be known that ADHD students have very active characteristics and tend to be impulsive when participating in ecopreneur ship programs, but the assisted learning approach through scaffolding method is the key to the teacher's success in directing ADHD students to stay focused on the ecopreneurship program. The implementation of ecopreneurship's program has 3 main impacts on the development of ADHD students, including (1) Internalization of ecopreneurship values; (2) improvement of life skills; and (3) the creation of social interactions as an effort to improve the competence of ADHD students. The results of this study are new findings and can be used as a reference for Inclusive Elementary School in providing an overview of the internalization of ecopreneurship values in ADHD students as a reference for teachers or orthopedagog in developing innovative environmentally based learning patterns in ADHD students in Inclusive Elementary School.

Optimizing the Leadership Function of the Principal in Increasing Teacher Loyalty in Schools

The aim of this study is to determine the principal's role in increasing teacher job loyalty. The research was conducted qualitatively and descriptively in a multisite setting at the UPI Laboratory Elementary School and the UPI Laboratory Junior High School in Bandung. Data were gathered from primary informants such as school administrators, students, boards, and foundations. In-depth interviews, both organized and unstructured, participatory observation, and paper analyses were used to gather data. After reducing the data from field observations, records, and interview transcripts, it is analyzed to determine its authenticity and credibility using the triangulation method. The study's findings indicate that adopting a responsibility and moral perspective is a requirement of the instructor in the sense of a working partnership. Additionally, a family-like atmosphere is fostered by active contact between the principal and students, increasing teacher loyalty.

Al-Islam dan Kemuhamadiyahan

The purpose of this study seeks to understand the model of Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) learning for non-Muslim students at Unimuda Sorong. The things researched about the implementation of AIK teaching, the obstacles faced by AIK lecturers in learning AIK for non-Muslim students, and the efforts to overcome the obstacles to AIK learning for non-Muslim students Unimuda Sorong. It is a qualitative research method. The study employed the snowball sampling method. The chosen participant was three lecturers who had experienced teaching Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan. In specific, participants are lecturers from the Muhammadiyah Education University (Unimuda) of Sorong, Indonesia. This study's primary data source was obtained through semi-structured interviews emphasizing the participants' experiences. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze data. The results of this study AIK learning at Unimuda Sorong are carried out with a multicultural spirit, AIK learning at Unimuda is carried out in various ways. The obstacles during AIK learning include the availability of AIK learning resources literature, limited internet network access, and non-Muslim students' difficulties understanding Islamic religious terms in Arabic. Efforts were made to overcome these obstacles, namely teaching AIK as knowledge, not doctrine, communication between non-Muslim students and lecturers, and other Muslim students. Suggestions for further research are to make non-Muslim students the primary informants in the research.

The effectiveness of the Business Incubator and Entrepreneurial Education in Interest to Start a Business in Vocational School students majoring in Marketing

Many media can be a tool for developing entrepreneurial potential in the school environment. One of them is a direct practice in the entrepreneurship laboratory, namely the Business Incubator. Entrepreneurship learning not only provides a theoretical basis for the concept of entrepreneurship but shapes attitudes, behaviours, and a person's mindset in entrepreneurship. Capital investment to prepare students to start new businesses through the experience, skills and knowledge essential to entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to determine the management of the Business Incubator at Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 2 Malang, the effectiveness of the role of the Business Incubator as an entrepreneurial learning unit, Empowerment of the Business Incubator as a means of fostering student interest in opening a business. This research uses descriptive qualitative. This study's primary informants consisted of 1 Waka teacher of the Infrastructure and Facilities curriculum, one headteacher of Marketing Laboratory management, 1 Business Incubator management teacher, one entrepreneurship teacher. The research states that the Business Incubator's Management at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang is called the Business Incubator, there are three parts. Namely the photocopy room, used for student practice activities majoring in Office Administration and Islamic Banking, the second production room, used for practical activities majoring in marketing, the third entrepreneurship room, for students majoring in Marketing. The facilities and infrastructure contained in the Business Incubator at Muhammadiyah 2 Malang Vocational School are still not supported. The role of the Business Incubator as an entrepreneurship learning unit at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang is perfect. It can be seen from the increasing enthusiasm of students in participating in entrepreneurship learning. The Business Incubator students have a place to practice entrepreneurial theory taught by the teacher. Empowerment of the Business Incubator to foster student interest in opening a business in students has been running. Some students can see it; most students have been able to read business opportunities and manage sales finances. Thus it can foster the characteristics of an entrepreneurial spirit in students.

Perceptions of women, their husbands and healthcare providers about anemia in rural Pakistan: Findings from a qualitative exploratory study.

BackgroundIn Pakistan, there is a dearth of literature on the perceptions of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA). This study was undertaken to explore the perceptions of women, their husbands, and healthcare providers about anemia, its possible causes, and how anemia impacts maternal and child health in Thatta, Pakistan.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in Thatta, Pakistan from September to December 2018. Using a pre-tested semi-structured interview (SSI), we collected data to understand their definitions of anemia through ten focus group discussions (FGDs) with women and their partners and ten primary informant interviews (KIIs) with healthcare providers. We identified six major themes: (I) Knowledge and awareness of anemia, (II) Causes and consequences of Anemia, (III) Dietary practices, (IV) Knowledge and practices regarding the use of iron-folic acid supplements, (V) Factors influencing prevention and control of anemia and (VI) Women’s health behavior. We analyzed the data through thematic analysis using NVivo 10 software.ResultsMost community members were not aware of the term anemia but described anemia as a condition characterized by ‘blood deficiency’ in the body. All study participants perceived anemia as an important health problem tending to cause adverse outcomes among WRA and their children. Study participants perceived gutka (chewable tobacco) consumption as an important cause of anemia. Healthcare providers identified short inter-pregnancy intervals, lack of family planning, poor health-seeking behavior, and consumption of unhealthy food as causes of anemia in the district. Consumption of unhealthy food might not be related to related to a poorer knowledge of iron-deficient foods, but economic constraints. This was further endorsed by the healthcare providers who mentioned that most women were too poor to afford iron-rich foods. All men and women were generally well versed with the sources of good nutrition to be consumed by WRA to prevent anemia.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the government should plan to develop strategies for poverty-stricken and vulnerable rural women and plan health awareness programs to improve dietary practices, compliance with supplements, and health-seeking behavior among women of reproductive age. There is a need to develop effective counseling strategies and context-specific health education sessions to improve the health-seeking behavior of women and men in the Thatta district of Pakistan. Besides, there is need to address social determinants of health such as poverty that pushes women of poorer socioeconomic strata to eat less nutritious foods and have more anaemia. Therefore, a comprehensive and robust strategic plan need to be adopted by government that focuses not only on the awareness programs, but also aim to reduce inequities that lead to pregnant women eat iron-poor foods, which, in turn, forces them to become anemic.

Problems in Millennial Parenting Phenomenological Study in Indonesia

This study aimed to describe the problems in parenting to the Millennial generations and the solutions done by their parents in Millennial caregiving. It was qualitative research. The informants of this research were families; fathers, mothers, and children in millennial generation age namely mothers and fathers as primary informants and children as secondary informants. Criteria of primary informants were mothers and fathers whose children were born between 1995 and 2010. Then the children were those who are closely attached to technology (mobile phones, tablets, computers, etc.). There are 4 mother as main informants. The data collection technique in this study was a semi-structured interview. The data were collected through voice recording devices using mobile phones and stationery. Data triangulation techniques were used as data credibility testing. the finding, it could be concluded that the parents found some problems in their millennial children who liked to play mobile phones, such as they become handphone addicted, difficult to control, lazy, and stubborn. Their lazy habit was started from the intensive use of mobile phones. They discovered many more interesting things from the virtual world than the real world. As a result, when the parents ordered them to do something, they were procrastination on the requests because they did not want to miss interesting things from their cell phones. Problems arising in care come from internal and external influences. The influences can be the guilt of the parents themselves, the last education achieved insight and knowledge. Lack of insight into technology becomes its obstacle. Parents who were low understanding of technology would find it difficult to keep up with parenting because it is the era for the parents to master it. On the contrary, the external influence comes from the environment and culture around the family. An active environment with technology forces children to follow the environment. Parents of the Millennial generation can make their children discipline in using cell phones in various ways namely, confiscating cell phones directly so that children get a strong deterrent effect and advising them wisely in using cell phones.

Academic Dishonesty in Islamic Primary Schools

This research aimed to find out the forms and factors of academic dishonesty during the time of doing a task or test on Islamic Primary School Students in central Java, Indonesia. There were 7 informants in this research consisting of 4 primary informants that involved students from fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, and 3 secondary informants that involved homeroom teachers of the primary informants. This was qualitative research with a case study approach whose data were collected using interviews. The results showed that the forms of students' academic dishonesty included copying the answers, cheating, having their homework done by someone else, asking for and giving the answers, cooperating in cheating, correcting answers, bringing some notes, and lying about doing the assignments. Meanwhile, the factors that caused students to commit those dishonesties were low self-confidence, low internal motivation, gender, low control, unpreparedness for the test, conformity, and the ease of technology.

HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN SECURITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA

Background and Purpose: In the modern globalisation epoch, security threats no longer concern the state’s hostilities, military operation, or nuclear proliferation. It involves non-traditional menaces like human trafficking, which is believed to escalate quickly. The goal of this research is to identify human trafficking activities and to reveal the experiences of victims in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Malaysia.
 
 Methodology: This study used a qualitative method through a case study approach. It involved an in-depth interview session with five primary informants (represented as Cases 1 to 5) who were the victims of human trafficking from Bangladesh, a government officer from related agency, two local academicians and a representative of Bangladesh foreign workers’ vending system company.
 
 Findings: The study discovered that human trafficking crimes produce detrimental effects on the survival of the victims, especially on the economic and individual security aspect. Their wages are not fully paid and their freedom to socialize is restricted.
 
 Contribution: This study calls for policy formulation and policy implementation to protect the interest and security of people despite their citizenship which is considered the most trustworthy, relevant and universal approach in rectifying these illegal activities within Southeast Asia region especially in Malaysia.
 Keywords: Bangladesh, labour migration, human security, human trafficking.
 
 Cite as: Dolhan, N., Othman, Z., & Idris, N. A. (2021). Human trafficking and human security in Southeast Asia: A case study of Bangladeshi foreign workers in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 136-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp136-155

Size Estimation of People Who Inject Drugs and Their Geographical Distribution in Dogonbadan, Iran, During 2018: a Mapping Method

The aim of this cross-sectional study was investigation of geographical distribution and size estimation of people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Dogonbadan, Iran, in 2018 using geographical mapping method. Data was obtained through interviewing primary and secondary key informants as well as field team observations. Population size was estimated by median in Stata software (version 14). GIS software (version 10.6.1) was used to prepare the density and distribution maps of the hotspots. We identified 52 hotspots of drug users; injection of drugs occurred in 31 of the hotspots. The prevalence of injecting drugs was 232.4 per 100,000 adults, while it was 21.9 and 441.8 among females and males, respectively. A large number of identified hotspots are not covered by harm reduction services. Increasing outreach teams, equipping of harm reduction centers, and moving them to the nearest location to hotspots are suggested.

The Role of Village Apparatus in Managing Village Fund: A Case Study in Marindal II Village, Deli Serdang, Indonesia

The village's source of income must be managed properly and professionally. The role of the village government becomes very central in the management of village funds. This is important to be done in order to provide the welfare of the village community as a whole in accordance with the mandate of Village Law No. 6 of 2014. This study aims to depict the role of village apparatus in village fund management (VFM) for development in Marindal II village, patumbak district, deli serdang regency, Indonesia. This study was empolyed by using qualitative approach. The primary data were collected through interview and observation. The research informant consists of a key informant, a primary informant and an additional informant. The results presents that the role of village apparatus in Marindal II Village, Patumbak district, Deli Serdang regency is relevant based on the guidance from the regulation of the ministry of home affairs No. 20 of 2018 namely the role in planning, implementing, administrating, reporting, and accountability.

Parenting Patterns and Their Implications for the Development of Early Childhood Social Attitudes

This study aims to analyze parenting patterns and their impact on the development of early childhood social attitudes. This research is qualitative research using a case study design in class B Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Al-Is Syah Hakim Medan, on Jl. Karya Jaya, North Sumatra. This study's primary informants are the parents of students who carry out their family environment care. Data collection techniques were using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was through stages developed by Miles and Huberman. Checking the validity of the user data was through the triangulation of sources and techniques. This study indicated that the parenting patterns of early childhood parents of Class B RA Al-Is Syah Hakim Medan consist of three styles, i.e., permissive, authoritarian, and democratic parenting. The most dominant style of parenting parents as permissive parenting. Permissive parenting pattern has implications for the tendency of children to have poor social attitudes. Authoritarian parenting pattern has consequences for the tendency of children to have anti-social attitudes. The style of democratic parenting has implications for the tendency of children to have prosocial attitudes.

Study of Bidikmisi Student Financial Management Meaning

This study aims to find out and deeply explore the meaning of Bidikmisi financial management. This type of research uses qualitative methods as a tool in the process of finding answers and a phenomenological approach as a key to observe the informants' awareness. This research required four informants. Based on the description of the phenomenon related to informants' awareness in financial management, Then the result is that Informant Nindy chooses a priority scale in managing his personal finances because it is an easy way. Informant Aidan regrets that he did not manage his personal finances so he did not clearly know his expenses Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menggali secara mendalam makna pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa bidikmisi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif sebagai alat dalam proses penemuan jawaban dan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi sebagai kunci untuk mengulik makna kesadaran para informan. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat informan. Berdasarkan hasil deskripsi terhadap fenomena yang berkaitan dengan kesadaran informan dalam melakukan pengelolaan keuangan, maka hasilnya yaitu Informan Nindy memilih skala perioritas dalam melakukan pengelolaan keuangan pribadinya karena hal tersebut merupakan cara yang mudah. Informan Aidan menyesal tidak melakukan pengelolaan keuangan pribadinya sehingga tidak mengetahui secara jelas pengeluarannya.

The Social Organization of Neonatal Nurses' Feeding Work.

We report findings from an institutional ethnography (IE) of nurses' work of feeding infants within an increasingly technical organization of NICUs. Five primary informants; 18 secondary informants. The institutional ethnographic approach included field observations, interviews, and phone and e-mail conversations. Our analysis followed accounts of what actually happened within the textual organization of nurses' work. Nurses' feeding practices are directed by protocols that arise within multiple documentation systems and clinical technologies. These systems produce barriers to nurses' efforts to skillfully feed infants. Prioritization of quality and safety perspectives can obscure and constrain the ordinary yet critical clinical reasoning neonatal nurses employ during feeding work. Clinical technologies that have been developed to improve safety can paradoxically disrupt the ability of nurses to respond in the moment to neonatal feeding cues. This finding provides nurses, leaders, and policymakers with insight into why policies and procedures may not be followed as expected.