Primary General Education Research Articles

Становление у младших школьников регулятивных универсальных учебных действий на уроках литературного чтения

The article provides a theoretical substantiation of the process of formation of regulative universal educational actions of younger schoolchildren on the basis of reflection. The concept of "regulative universal learning activities" is characterized, which are defined in the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education as an essential component of meta-subject learning outcomes. The technique of using the techniques of reflection in the lessons of literary reading is described, which allows to increase the level of mastery of primary schoolchildren by the regulative universal educational actions of goal-setting, control and evaluation.

Комплексная организация внеурочной деятельности и программа воспитательной работы

The article discusses the relationship between extracurricular activities and educational work in accordance with the updated Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education.

About modelling the process of formation of vocal and performing culture of younger schoolchildren in Music lessons

The aim of the study was to model the pedagogic process that determines the optimisation of the formation of vocal and performing culture of younger schoolchildren in a music lesson at school. The article presents a structural and functional model that determines the context of reading musical culture by means of singing. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of the content that determines the success of the transformative impact of singing culture on the initiation of the need for creativity in a child at the stage of primary general education. The model, in turn, provides the logic of the chosen actions by designating the principles as the dominant ideas of moving towards the goal – integrity, dialogicity, variability, accessibility. During the generalisation of the experimental work, the key parameters of the results of the developed design in the educational reality of primary school were the proportional ratio between the components, criteria and indicators of the formation of vocal and performing culture among pupils as a syncretic part of the general culture.

Study of the Peculiarities of School Adaptation at the Stage of Primary General and Secondary General Education

Study of the Peculiarities of School Adaptation at the Stage of Primary General and Secondary General Education

Monitoring of digital literacy levels and profiles in the regional education system: analysis of digital gaps

Introduction. Digital literacy (hereinafter – DL) is a key element of the modern educational system, and its absence may lead to limited access to educational resources and unequal development opportunities. Monitoring of DL levels of pupils and students in the system of general (hereinafter – GE) and secondary vocational education (hereinafter – SVE) allows to identify strengths and weaknesses of digital training in the regional education system and to put forward cause-and-effect investigative hypotheses about the causes of digital breaks. The purpose of the research is to investigate levels and profiles of digital literacy among students in different educational institutions and to identify digital gaps in different parameters. Materials and methods. More than three thousand students from various types of educational institutions took part in the study, including general education schools, gymnasiums, lyceums and colleges of the Tomsk region (Russian Federation). The monitoring process used a previously developed operationalized model of DL adapted for the Russian education system. Methods of mathematical statistics (Kruskal — Wallis, Mann–Whitney, One-way analysis of variance) were used to compare levels and profiles of DL at selected levels of GE and SVE. Results. There are significant differences in DL between the level of GE as a whole and SVE (z = -3,824, p < 0,0001; z = -2,904, p < 0,004). Among the students of GE and SVE the highest levels of metacompetencies of information literacy and content creation (primary general education (hereinafter – PGE)– 64%, basic general education (hereinafter – BGE) – 66.8%, secondary general education (hereinafter – SGE) – 71.2% and SVE – 71.4%), the lowest – level of metacompetency of interaction and communication in networks (PGE – 73%, BGE – 50.2%, SGE – 66.8% and SVE – 59.8%). Conclusion. The monitoring of digital literacy in the regional system of general and secondary vocational education has shown that there are many gaps and disparities both within individual digital literacy profiles and at different stages and levels of education. DL gaps among learners are caused by gaps in digital training at educational institutions, unequal access to infrastructure, and socio-economic and cultural inequalities. The analysis of the digital divide will lead to the development of recommendations and strategies aimed at bridging the DL gap.

Distance Under Pandemic Conditions (COVID-19): Professional Burnout of Primary and Secondary Grade Teachers.

This study elaborates on the possibility that distant education via online platforms increased the levels of burnout among teachers of primary and secondary general education during the school year 2020-2021. The main goal was to identify the factors that cause additional stress and intensify burnout. Data was collected with Google Forms by simple random sampling method. A standardized questionnaire was used as a research tool which includes demographic data in the first part of the research and the scale of stress levels, the scale of professional burnout of teachers, as well as the teaching scale self-efficacy.The final sample consisted of 169 primary and secondary education teachers during the school year 2020-2021 both in live and distant teaching. The results showed that mostly women who were permanently employed in special education or language teachers with 6-15 or more years of experience suffered from depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout. In conclusion, live teaching is considered much more effective, regardless of teacher gender or age, with the exception of teachers experienced in distance education programs. Teachers do not feel ready and sufficient to implement distant learning regarding classroom management and student involvement.

Transition to the educational standards of primary general education of a new generation: actual problems of updating approaches to education at the preschool stage

Transition to the educational standards of primary general education of a new generation: actual problems of updating approaches to education at the preschool stage

Психолингвистический анализ процесса чтения и позиционный принцип как основа обучения чтению на этапе предшкольного образования

The article provides the results of a psycholinguistic analysis of the reading mechanism, which allows teachers of preschool and primary general education to understand the scientific foundations of the methodology of teaching to read. The aim of the study was to systematise the preschool educational content, its objectives and requirements for the results of mastering the Federal Educational Program for preschool education, and to analyse the mechanism of anticipation in the process of reading a direct syllable, as well as the essence of the reading positional principle. To achieve this aim, a comparative analysis of normative documents and modelling of the mechanism for recreating the sound form of a word in the process of reading were used. The author describes the typical methodological difficulties faced by teachers in the process of teaching preschoolers to read, and gives recommendations on how to overcome them.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТРЕБОВАНИЯ ФГОС И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ УЧЕБНОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПО ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

The work program on physical culture for grade 2 was compiled on the basis ofthe Law of the Russian Federation “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29,2012 No. 273‑F3.9 (Art. 7, 9, 32); Federal State Standard of Primary General Education; Federal listof textbooks recommended for use, having state accreditation of educational programs of primarygeneral education; Regulations on the work program; author's program: V. I. Lyakh “Physical culture”.Work programs. The subject line of V. I. Lyakh grades 1–4.

Основы построения модели духовно-нравственного воспитания младших школьников в Забайкальской православной гимназии

Importance. The main reason for the search and development of younger schoolchildren’s spiritual and moral education model of the Transbaikal Orthodox gymnasium was the theoretical and practical aspects insufficient development of relationship between spiritual (from the standpoint of Orthodox pedagogy) and moral (from the standpoint of secular pedagogy) processes; the existing types of younger schoolchildren’s education models (humanistic, sociocentric, authoritarian, etc.) have not received proper practical study in pedagogy in relation to modern conditions in law-based educational institutions that ensure the value-semantic orientation of educational activity, its technological effectiveness and orderliness. The proposed model of a younger schoolchild’ s spiritual and moral education in the Transbaikal Orthodox gymnasium should be considered as an alternative to existing educational models in modern education, which scientific and practical justification lies in the spiritual and moral education processes relationship of the individual and dialogical interaction with the Church. Materials and Methods. Theoretical methods: theoretical-methodological, conceptual-terminological analysis, historical-pedagogical and theoretical-pedagogical analysis of the practice of spiritual and moral education, theological, philosophical and psychological-pedagogical litera- ture, periodicals devoted to the issues of spiritual and moral education, the unity of historical and logical analysis, as well as historical-pedagogical analysis of various documents (Ministries of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Russian Orthodox Church, regional secular and spiritual authorities, etc.) on spiritual and moral education; comparison, generalization, pedagogical modeling. Empirical methods: the method of included observation, questionnaires, testing, systematic analysis of the practice of spiritual and moral education. Results and Discussion. In the course of the research, at the ascertaining stage, younger schoolchildren’s spiritual and moral education pedagogical model was defined, which reflects innovative methods of education that contribute to the formation of students’ skills to interact with people, develop a value orientations system, moral and personality volitional qualities, spiritual and moral feelings education. Conclusion. Younger schoolchildren’s spiritual and moral education pedagogical model in an Orthodox gymnasium is developed, its foundations and structural components are determined: institutional, targeted, meaningful, diagnostic and effective. The target component is aimed at achieving the planned results – the transformation of moral values into a personal meanings system of a younger student. These moral values are fixed in the Federal State Standard of Primary General Education and are specified in the personal results of mastering the basic educational program by younger schoolchildren. The institutional component states the presence of social institutions that directly affect the upbringing of spiritual and moral values of a younger student. Model content component reveals the meaning of education based on the child’s spiritual and moral values (love, respect, friendship, patriotism, health). The content component includes the learning process, additional education, extracurricular activities. For the effective younger schoolchild’s spiritual and moral values education, close interaction of all its components is necessary. The diagnostic and effective component includes the results of monitoring studies that reflect the reality in relation to the tasks and goals set.

The Use of Information Technologies in the Practice of the Educational Process as a Means of Improving the Quality of Education

The article substantiates the relevance of the need to create an online platform for distance learning, which allows to support students with special educational needs. The problematic issues voiced by school teachers during the transition to distance learning during the period of the threat of the spread of a new infection in the Russian Federation are presented. The main documents on the basis of which the children of this group receive education in schools, including the use of distance technologies, are named. The educational online resources recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation are analyzed in order to identify the material necessary for the psychological and pedagogical support of children with specific educational needs. Examples of various sites and Internet portals used by teachers and psychologists are given. The article implements the developed and tested educational standards of primary general education for students with disabilities, which allow each student with different starting opportunities to create conditions for success in obtaining an education.

Подготовка учителя начальных классов к профессиональной деятельности по развитию математического мышления младших школьников

<p>The article discusses one of the aspects of the training of a teacher of primary general education – the ability to analyze the causes of students' mistakes made by them when mastering mathematical concepts. The special importance in the competence of the primary school teacher of understanding the value of the initial, initial representations of the child as a result of his own mental activity is noted. An overview of the concept of mathematical thinking in the psychological and pedagogical literature is given. The understanding of mathematical thinking as theoretical, carried out on mathematical material, is highlighted. The levels of development of mathematical thinking and its main components – analysis, planning and reflection – are recorded. The modules of the educational program for the training of primary school teachers are described, aimed at developing students' competencies that allow them to adequately assess the manifestations of mathematical thinking in younger schoolchildren on mathematical material traditionally studied in primary school. The sequence of actions aimed at identifying the error pattern is presented. Examples of tasks for students are given, showing ways of developing the educational action of control; determining patterns of mathematical errors.</p>

FORMATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCE BY MEANS OF THE ECOLOGICAL TRAIL

The article examines the peculiarities of the ecological path organization as an effective means of younger schoolchildren's ecological competence formation. The content and structure of the pupils' environmental competence are characterized in accordance with the State Standard of General Primary Education. The essence of environmental competence of primary school pupils is revealed as the ability to apply environmental knowledge and effectively solve environmental issues they face in everyday life. The following components are distinguished in the structure of ecological competence: ecological knowledge and skills, ecological thinking, value orientations, and ecologically justifiable behavior. It is emphasized that the effective formation of younger schoolchildren's environmental competence is facilitated by means of nature itself, one of which is an ecological trail. Its purpose is to ensure the education of ecologically competent behavior of the child in the surrounding natural environment and to spread knowledge about nature and man as an integral part of the environment. The purpose, tasks, functions, and role of the educational ecological path in the education of ecologically competent behavior of the child in the environment are determined, and a brief description of the route of the ecological trail is presented. The potential of the means of the ecological path in the formation of ecological competence of children of primary school age has been analyzed. Attention is focused on the aesthetic value of the eco-path, which consists in activating the aesthetic feelings and experiences of younger schoolchildren while observing natural objects. It was found that the most productive direction of work on the ecological path is a practical excursion, the main types of activities of which are working out practical work, observation, project, research, sports and recreation, and game and creative activities.

Формирование у младших школьников первоначальных основ экологической культуры: примеры методических разработок (часть 2)

The article discusses the problem of increasing attention to the environmental education of primary school students in accordance with the updated version of the State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE). The goals, methods and techniques of the process of formation of the ecological culture of younger schoolchildren at the lessons of the "The-World-Around-Us" are characterized. Examples of methodological developments in the study of various topics of this training course for the second grade are described. Particular attention is paid to familiarization with the Red Data Book of Russia and the regions.

FORMATION OF ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS

The article deals with some aspects of the problem of formation of artistic and aesthetic competence of future teachers of primary general education. An analysis of work practice indicates that the level of professionalism in the field of art education and the qualitative characteristics of the future teacher - aesthetic culture, aesthetic and artistic taste - do not always meet the requirements of modern society. This once again confirms not only the relevance of the study, but also the need to search for and systematize forms and methods aimed at developing the artistic and aesthetic competence of future teachers.

Методическое сопровождение обновлённого Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта начального общего образования

The article discusses scientific and methodological approaches and characterizes the updated version of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE) adopted by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in May 2021. The structure of the Approximate educational program and its most important part - exemplary work programs of primary school subjects are considered. On the example of the work program on the subject "World around", a description of the goals, content, planned learning outcomes is given, accompanied by comments for the teacher.

Формирование у младших школьников первоначальных основ экологической культуры: примеры методических разработок

The article discusses the problem of increasing attention to the environmental education of primary school students in accordance with the updated version of the State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE). The goals, methods and techniques of the process of formation of the ecological culture of younger schoolchildren at the lessons of the "The-World-Around-Us" are characterized. Examples of methodological developments in the study of various topics of this training course for the second grade are described. Particular attention is paid to familiarization with the Red Data Book of Russia and the regions.

Как работать по обновлённому стандарту в первом классе: учебный предмет «Окружающий мир»

The article reveals the main directions of the teacher's activity in the implementation of the updated version of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education (FSES PGE) by means of the subject "The World Around Us". The priority of this subject in achieving personal learning outcomes for first-graders is discussed: awareness of one's belonging to the country, state, culture of Russian society, mastering the rules of behavior, etc. Methods for the formation of concepts in children that reveal the most important aspects of social life are described: "family", "small homeland" "Russians", "citizen". Attention is paid to the teaching methods of the course topics that are aimed at mastering the rules of a healthy lifestyle, which is especially important for first-graders at the stage of transition from preschool childhood to schooling. The article describes the methodology for studying new topics that supplement the content of the course "The World Around Us".

Первоклассник и математика: особенности обучения по обновлённому стандарту

Teaching mathematics to younger schoolchildren in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE) has a number of features. Leading among them is the development of spatial thinking, logical and algorithmic thinking, mathematical speech, functional mathematical literacy in accordance with the age capabilities of children. The article discusses the organization of teaching first-graders, focused on the implementation of the requirements of the updated version of the Federal State Educational Standard of the PGE for mathematical preparation: listening and reading a mathematical text, discussing and modeling a mathematical situation, searching for different solutions, drawing up an action plan. Appropriate skills and actions of first-graders can be successfully formed on the basis of traditional subject content.

Обращение к урокам прошлого необходимо и злободневно

The article discusses the problem of historical education of the younger generation, including those studying in elementary school. The view of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on the importance of studying history, starting from the first days of school education, as a prerequisite for patriotic and civic education is analyzed. The place of historical knowledge in the updated Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and the contribution of school subjects to the formation of historical memory, historical thinking and education of moral feelings of younger schoolchildren are assessed.