Price Criteria Research Articles

Criteria for evaluating offers in tender procedures for the purchase of new rolling stock

The article presents the currently used criteria for evaluating offers in tender procedures for the purchase of new rolling stock. A literature review and the results of the analysis of tender procedures in three segments of rolling stock are presented: passenger cars, traction units and locomotives. The summary shows that the most important evaluation criterion remains the price criterion, which is in line with legal and formal requirements.

Comprehensive Method for Supplier Selection in the Indonesian Leather Industry Considering Sustainable Development Goals Criteria

Objective: This pivotal research aims to rank raw material suppliers at an Indonesian leather company using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). It is based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) criteria selected by many decision-makers through the Delphi method, with a compromise criteria weight between Methods based on Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) II. Theoretical Framework: The global and national commitments of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to improving society's welfare, including the sustainable use of resources, are not just theoretical concepts. They are practically applied in this research to guide supplier selection in the leather industry. These criteria are then weighted using objective weighting (MEREC) and subjective weighting (SWARA) II, and the results are compromised to form the basis for evaluating suppliers using TOPSIS. Method: The proposed method in this research consists of three stages. The first stage is selecting the SDGs criteria using the Delphi method, a structured communication technique involving experts. The second stage is weighting the criteria using MEREC for objective weighting and SWARA II for subjective weighting. The third stage is supplier evaluation using TOPSIS based on the weight of the compromised criteria. Results and Discussion: The ranking of leather raw material suppliers for Indonesian leather companies is Kediri, Rembang, Jombang, Cirebon, Wonogiri, Lumajang, Cianjur, and Sidoarjo. This ranking is based on the SDGs criteria. Responsible leather sourcing, eco-friendly tanning processes, water use audits, and waste management are the SDGs' criteria for selecting suppliers in the Indonesian leather industry. Responsible leather sourcing is the only sustainability criterion more important than the price criterion. This criterion directly affects the quality of the animal skin, which is why it is rejected. Research Implications: The manager should prioritize the SDGs criteria, such as the product's significance to the organization's survival over cost and other factors, which have become secondary due to high demand. Apart from rejecting and delivery factors, management also considers responsible leather sourcing. This means that good animal care impacts the reject factor, and management prioritizes this factor. The rejection criterion must be prioritized for the production process to operate efficiently. Originality/Value: It is imperative to establish a technique for managers in the Indonesian leather sector to choose sustainability suppliers incorporating Delphi, MEREC, SWARA II, and TOPSIS.

Worldwide Trends in Public Procurement Efficiency Studies Under the Lens of Award Criteria

This study aims to review the existing research on public procurement efficiency related to the evaluation criteria in the bid process. These can be grouped into two main approaches based on the lowest price criterion (LP) or via a multi-criteria assessment (MC). To this end, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, including an advanced search by topic and content analysis. The results of the analysis were documents published from 2006 to the beginning of May 2024 by authors from 47 countries. Of these, 79 were related to the LP criterion and 125 to the MC assessment. The main findings of this study show that the research on efficiency in public procurement has evolved towards the use of both monetary and non-monetary criteria. This trend is more prevalent in countries with high economic performance. Despite public procurement efficiency being an international topic, more collaboration among researchers from different countries is necessary. Moreover, this study shows the focus on research on metrics and initiatives for implementing environmental criteria and the need to pay more attention to social efficiency.

Supplier performance assessment: Empirical evidence in Indonesian freight forwarding companies

This research aimed to assess the results of two vendors used by the company in the shipping process of export goods. Two leading suppliers for one similar activity had caused more difficulties in the monitoring and controlling activities of DHL Global Forwarding Indonesia. This research used qualitative and quantitative methods, with the Analytic Hierarchy Process decision-making method using 36 internal staff members as the sample. Through a qualitative calculation method by distributing questionnaires to the existing suppliers, namely Monang Sianipar Kargo and Andima Transportindo, it was found that the weighted score for Monang Sianipar Kargo was 22.84 and for Andima Transportindo was 10.66. Subcriteria and indicators should be prioritized in the criteria of Price and service, significantly to improve the performance of problematic suppliers. This research recommended using the Analytic Hierarchy Process for assessment since it facilitated the research development by the opinion of the company’s experts. Such a finding implied that a policy from the management was needed in the assessment of suppliers. As an implication, it was necessary to assess all suppliers cooperating with DHL Global Forwarding Indonesia by using actual data from the current month.

Determination of Factors Affecting the Cumin Production Decision of Agricultural Enterprises: The Case of Konya Province

Turkey has vast agricultural lands and diverse climatic conditions, and different plant species can be cultivated. Especially, Konya province, located in the Central Anatolia Region, is an important agricultural centre in Turkey. Konya province, which has a polyculture production pattern, stands out in the production of medicinal and aromatic plants due to its favourable climatic conditions and soil structure. In Turkey, 26.33% of cumin, which is among the medicinal and aromatic plants, is produced in Konya province. This study aims to determine the factors affecting cumin production. For this purpose, 65 cumin producers determined by proportional sampling method were interviewed. The data obtained through these interviews were analysed by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the weights of the criteria affecting the cumin production decision of the agricultural enterprises. In the process of determining the criteria influencing the cumin production decision, the opinions of subject experts working in universities, public institutions and organizations and producers were taken. Among the criteria determined as yield, price, labour requirement, water requirement, ease of marketing, mechanisation, input costs, cultivation knowledge, soil structure and subsidies, the most important criterion was found to be price with 28.11%. Price criterion is followed by input cost 22.57%, water requirement 12.13%, yield 8.71%, cultivation knowledge 8.43%, subsidies 6.82%, ease of marketing 4.74%, soil structure 3.63%, mechanisation 2.54% and labour requirement 2.25%. It is thought that the solution of the mechanisation problem will make a significant contribution to cumin production as it will reduce the need for labour force.

Analisis Penerapan Metode Analytical Network Process (ANP) Pada Pemilihan Tempat Kost Terbaik di Daerah Kampus ITK

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) method is an approach that can be used to represent the level of importance from various parties by considering the interconnected relationships between criteria and sub-criteria. This model is a development of the AHP method, thus it has a higher level of complexity compared to the AHP method. In this paper, the issue addressed is the selection of the best boarding house location in the ITK campus area located at Km. 15 Karang Joang, North Balikpapan. This selection is done using the super decision software, aiming to determine the ranking order of boarding houses that have the best quality or alternatives according to the students of the Kalimantan Institute of Technology (ITK) through questionnaire filling and interviews with the students. There are three criteria used in this selection, first is the distance with sub-criteria of distance from the boarding house to the campus and distance from the boarding house to the city. Second, the price criterion with sub-criteria of monthly rent and electricity-water costs, and others. Third, the facilities criterion with sub-criteria of bathroom, parking, and kitchen. As for the alternatives, 10 boarding houses are used. Based on the research results, the alternative solutions obtained are ranked in the top 3 boarding houses. The first is Kos Maghfiroh, the second is Kos Hira, and the third is Kos Griya Mansur

DETERMINATION OF CASSAVA WASTE PROCESSING ALTERNATIVES AT UMKM UD. SUMBER MUTIARA USING AHP AND SAW METHODS

Cassava is one of the raw materials that are widely cultivated to be used as various processed foods. Cassava raw materials have a strategic role in improving the economy in Sampang District. One of the businesses that process cassava raw materials is UD Sumber Mutiara. The large scale of production is one of the factors for uncontrolled production waste, causing various problems. This waste problem can be overcome by further processing the waste generated in each production. The purpose of this study is to determine the general description of the company, especially the waste generated in each production, determine the best alternative from several alternatives to be applied in processing cassava skin waste, and determine the process of processing cassava waste based on the selected alternative. The method used in analyzing is using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method as an advanced method. The results of this study are based on the calculation of the AHP method obtained the weight value of each criterion, namely the product criteria of 0.291, price criteria of 0.051, process criteria of 0.330, and engineering criteria of 0.328. The results of the calculation of the weight value are used in further calculations using the SAW method to obtain the best alternative rating value. The selected alternative is processed cassava skin chips with an alternative value of 0.836. The aspects that need to be considered in processing cassava waste consist of 4 aspects, namely, product quality, production costs, production time, and energy efficiency.

Assessment of innovativeness, and price and reimbursement negotiation of medicines: recommendations of an expert panel

This paper illustrates the recommendations of a Working Group (WG) on the assessment of drugs innovativeness and the negotiation of price and reimbursement. The WG included researchers, institutions, clinicians, patient representatives and pharmaceutical companies. The first part of the contribution summarizes the literature on drug pricing models, which was considered in the WG, and, in particular, the pricing criteria, the evaluation and negotiation processes, the management of the uncertainty of the evidence, the use of cross-reference pricing and price negotiation for new indications of existing drugs. The second part illustrates the results of the WG with a focus on innovativeness assessment, value framework and price negotiation. The main recommendations of the WG are: to define more specific criteria for the identification of comparators and endpoints for macro therapeutic areas/settings; to produce guidelines on the use of indirect comparisons and studies supporting this evidence; to consider the drug value as the main driver of price and reimbursement negotiation; to maintain flexibility in the negotiation process, but, at the same time, to give greater structure and predictability in the assessment of value for money, with a more qualified role of cost-effectiveness and a range of threshold values for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; to selectively reintroduce Managed Entry Agreements and the Indication-based pricing model; to implement an early dialogue between the Italian Medicine Agency and the pharmaceutical companies in order to optimize the negotiation process, and a structured involvement of scientific societies and patient representatives.

Use of Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds in Healthcare Public Policy: Progress and Challenges.

The article offers a comparative analysis of the influence of cost-effectiveness thresholds in the decision-making processes in financing policies, coverage, and price regulation of health technologies in nine countries. We investigated whether countries used cost-effectiveness thresholds for public health policy decision making and found that few countries have adopted the cost-effectiveness threshold as an official criterion for financing, reimbursement, or pricing. However, in countries where it is applied, such as Thailand, the results have been very favorable in terms of minimizing health technology prices and ensuring the financial sustainability of the health system. Although the cost-effectiveness threshold has opportunities for improvement, particularly in certain institutional contexts and with adequate participation of the different strategic actors in the formulation of public policy, its potential use and added value are significant in various aspects.

Decision-Making for The Selection of Vegetable Suppliers for Foods Distributors uses AHP and TOPSIS

The evaluation of supplier selection is an important aspect that needs to be considered in supply chain management. The best suppliers contribute to a more efficient supply chain system. Companies operating in the food distribution sector are particularly attentive to their suppliers. One of the products that receives significant attention is spinach, a perishable item, making supplier evaluation crucial. This research aims to evaluate the supplier selection of spinach products based on several criteria, such as delivery, quality, price, service, and location. Weighting is done using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this case, assessment or weighting is carried out by distributing questionnaires to three respondents in the field. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is employed to determine the rankings of each alternative. The results of this study indicate that the price criterion has the highest weight with a weight of 0.39. The recommended selected alternative is alternative 4, with the highest average value (Vi) based on the assessments of three experts. This model proves capable of addressing the issues of supplier selection evaluation, leading to the selection of alternative or supplier 4 as the spinach supplier for the food distribution company.

FUZZY APPLICATION (MAMDANI METHOD) IN DECISION-MAKING ON LED TV SELECTION

Science is now developing very quickly. Information technology has been used in various places. Using computers in business, government, and personal activities shows how important science and technology are in helping human activities. One method used to solve various problems is fuzzy logic. Several types of Fuzzy are classified as Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS), namely Tsukamoto, Mamdani, and Sugeno. The application of vague logic in making decisions about choosing an LED TV is to make it easier to select electronic media. This research aims to help people who need clarification on the many LED TV choices currently available. So, we need a decision-making method to help people choose an LED TV that suits their needs and budget. One of the methods used in this research is the Mamdani method. There were 50 LED TV brands in this research, and the criteria used in selecting LED TVs were based on size, resolution, and price. An LED TV that meets the medium size, high resolution, and normal price criteria will be purchased. The LED TV data that meets the medium size, high resolution, and normal price criteria is the Samsung UA43AU7000KXXD brand LED TV. However, the actual decision remains based on the buyer's decision.

ASSESSING RAINWATER HARVESTING OPTIONS IN TERESA, RIZAL: INCORPORATING USER PREFERENCES WITH MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS

Water scarcity has emerged as a critical global challenge, necessitating the exploration of alternative water sources. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) presents a promising solution, given its abundance and ease of collection. Despite the Philippines' ample rainfall, RWH remains underutilized, capturing merely 6% of the annual precipitation. To bolster RWH adoption, this study aims to investigate residents' preferences for alternative water systems, with a specific focus on cost-effectiveness and reliability. By addressing these factors, we aim to identify key strategies for promoting and implementing RWH to mitigate water scarcity and foster sustainable water management practices in the Philippines. Preferences of rural residents (n = 185) in Teresa, Rizal on RWH alternative was then evaluated using a multi-criteria decision analysis. The main criteria assessed were reliability, cost, adoption factors, and benefits. The analysis involved assessing and converting the scores into Yield After Spillage (YAS) to establish rainfall reliability. The study employed Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to compare and evaluate various alternatives based on different factors, which were subsequently ranked under different scenarios. The study found that Alternative P10, a 1,000L plastic tank with a 20L first flush, exhibited the highest utility score among the assessed alternatives, with a score of 0.617. Notably, Alternative F30, featuring a 3,000L ferrocement tank with a 200L first flush, closely followed with a utility score of 0.614. The study employed the Jonckheere-Terpstra test and Kendall's tau with a significance level of 0.05 to determine the significance of these criteria concerning increasing income. The criteria of price, maintenance, and durability were identified as statistically significant (p-values: 0.007, 0.031, and 0.005, respectively) as residents' income increased. Consequently, residents with higher incomes placed greater importance on Alternative F50, a 5,000L ferrocement tank, due to its alignment with these influential criteria. Moreover, given the potential impacts of changing rainfall patterns and growing water demands, implementing larger storage tanks, like Alternative F50, is advisable to enhance future water sustainability in Teresa, Rizal.

The red chili supply chain management produced from coastal land based on food supply chain network to realize agriculture sustainability in Bantul Indonesia

Agricultural commodities from coastal land farming such as chilies can be used to realize sustainable agriculture, so this study aims to describe the red chili supply chain and analyze the supply chain management of red chili produce coastal land. Farmer sampling was carried out in stages starting from the subdistrict, village, hamlet, and farmer levels. Farmer respondents were taken deliberately as many as 75 people. Sampling after farmers was carried out using the snowball sampling method with a total of 69 respondents. Descriptive analysis techniques to analyze the red chili supply chain and use food supply chain network framework to analyze supply chain management. The results showed that the red chili supply chain has three chains formed by 5 actors. The selection of partners with criteria of high price, subscription, trust, and easy sales with responsible and mutually open performance. All supply chain actors make unwritten agreements. The transaction system used is auctions and scales with most delayed payments and cash. Government support is only given to farmers and auction markets in the form of infrastructure. Supply chain collaboration that occurs openly and reciprocally with context of communication related to price, quality, quantity, type of chili, and stock availability.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of rational use of medicines among junior residents in a tertiary care hospital - a cross-sectional study

Background: The need for rational use of medicines aims at prescribing medications to patients with doses for a period of time that is adequate and appropriately meets their clinical and individual requirements without financially burdening both the patient and community. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of rational use of medicines. Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethical committee clearance, this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among junior residents of KR hospital, a tertiary care hospital attached to MMC&RI, Mysore. A self-developed, pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire was used. It was designed in such a manner to obtain information about the knowledge, attitude, and practice of rational use of medicine. Results: The majority of the respondents were aware about parts of prescription (87%), though 61% of respondents were aware of p-drug, only 22% of them were aware of Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, Price criteria for selection of p-drug, many were not aware about the advantages of using p-drug (71%). 10% never consider the cost of drugs before prescribing, only <1% respondents handwriting was not legible in their prescription, 40% of them never use abbreviations. Conclusion: Teaching of rational use of medicines is not given much importance in most of the medical colleges. Continued emphasis on the inclusion of essential medicine concept in undergraduate and post-graduate medical curriculum will help in using a drug rationally.

Exploring the Potential of Solar Energy in Mosque Buildings: A Case Study of Dumai Islamic Centre Mosque in Riau Province, Indonesia

This study investigated the implementation of solar panels in the Dumai Islamic Centre (DIC) Mosque, located in Dumai City, Riau Province, to reduce carbon emissions. The study presents an overview of the significance of solar energy utilization and its potential benefits in the context of mosque buildings. This research was aimed to assess the criteria for selecting the appropriate solar panel type, determine the power output and PV area required for the DIC Mosque, and estimate the carbon emissions reduction resulting from installing solar panels. The study employed a quantitative research design and utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select the most suitable solar panel type. The results reveal that polycrystalline solar panels are the optimal choice based on efficiency, power peak, operation and maintenance, and price criteria. Installing solar panels on the DIC Mosque's roof, positioned at an optimal height, ensures maximum sunlight exposure and energy generation efficiency. Calculations demonstrate a significant reduction in carbon emissions post-installation. The carbon emissions reduction potential is estimated at 57.693 kg CO2 eq per day or 21,057.95 tons CO2 eq per year. This highlights the positive environmental impact of solar energy implementation in the DIC Mosque.

Some Unmodified Household Adsorbents for the Adsorption of Benzalkonium Chloride-A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Case Study for Commercially Available Paper.

The extensive use of biocide surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the buildup of this hazardous chemical in waste, surface and groundwater. e The study aims to elucidate whether various low-cost household materials are suitable, in their unmodified and untreated form, to effectively adsorb BAC from its aqueous solutions.. Additionally, if a proper adsorbent is identified, a description of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the process is also targeted. From among the five tested materials, a commercially available white household paper towel was chosen to best satisfy the criteria of low price, large availability, and standardization degree, as well as high adsorption capacity within a fairly short time window needed until equilibrium. Batch experiments were carried out with a commercial mixture of BAC-12 and BAC-14 within a temperature range of 18-45 degrees Celsius, and a 25-100 mg/g BAC/adsorbent initial mass ratio range, respectively. The overall process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic law, with an apparent activation energy of 73.35 KJ/mole. Both the Langmuir and the Redlich-Peterson isotherms describe the equilibrium data at 298 K well, with a Gibbs free energy of -20.64 KJ/mole. These findings are in agreement with previous reports and suggest a hybrid but chemisorption-dominated process.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ГРАФІКА ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ ГЕС НА РИНКУ «НА ДОБУ НАПЕРЕД» МЕТОДАМИ УМОВНОЇ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ЗІ ШТРАФНИМИ ФУНКЦІЯМИ

Mathematical models are given for forming the schedule of electric energy supply from hydroelectric power stations for bidding in the "day-ahead" market segment. The formulation of the task of forming the supply schedule as a task of optimal use of available hydro resources for the production of electrical energy at hydroelectric power stations is described. The need to perform two-stage optimization based on price and non-price criteria is substantiated. It is proposed to consider non-price criteria by means of penalty functions in the objective function of optimization by price criteria. A system of basic technological limitations, as well as equations for control and adjustment of the reservoir filling level, is given. The results of practical calculations for both optimization options are presented. References 9, figures 3.

WIN THE COMPETITION BY LISTENING TO CUSTOMER VOICES: AN ANALYSIS OF RIDESHARING BUSINESS IN SURAKARTA

Ridesharing has attracted worldwide attention due to its contribution to the environment, notably in reducing the number of privately owned vehicles, alleviating traffic congestion, and mitigating air pollution arising from private transportation. Currently, Indonesia’s ridesharing platform is a prominent player within the realm of popular e-commerce businesses. The use of technology has increased public interest in adopting ridesharing services. The goal of this study is to assess the competitive landscape among ridesharing companies operating in Surakarta, Indonesia. The participants are customers with experience with three ridesharing platforms: Grab, Go-Jek, and Maxim. This study implemented the Analytic Hierarchy Process to evaluate the competitiveness of ridesharing platforms. The benchmarks for platform selection include service quality, price, and promotional activities. Within the service quality domain, Parasuraman proposed five dimensions to serve as sub-criteria. The price criteria include three sub-criteria: low price, discounts, and affordability. Meanwhile, the promotional criteria encompass advertisement, vouchers, and digital influence as the sub-criteria. This study’s findings reveal a preference hierarchy among ridesharing alternatives from the customer’s perspective as follows: Grab (0.402), Go-Jek (0.365), and Maxim (0.226). Grab ranks highest in eight sub-criteria, whereas Go-Jek ranks highest in three sub-criteria. Conversely, Maxim consistently occupies the lowest rank. Notably, service quality emerges as the foremost priority, closely followed by price and promotion. Within the service quality criteria, assurance takes precedence, affordability leads the price criteria, and vouchers have the highest priority among promotional criteria.

Analisis Pemilihan Supplier Dalam Pengadaan Material Kapur Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (Studi Kasus PT. Aneka Jasa Grhadika)

PT Aneka Jasa Grhadika is a company that focuses on the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) sector. They are highly committed to maintaining the quality of their products with the aim of providing trust and satisfaction to customers. To manufacture its products, the company adopts three main production systems, namely Make to Order (MTO), Assembly to Order (ATO), and Engineering to Order (ETO). They are very committed to maintaining the quality of their products with the aim of providing trust and satisfaction to customers. The purpose of this study is to formulate the right decision in the context of selecting the best supplier for PT Aneka Jasa Grhadika, which has previously been one of their suppliers. The method applied is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a decision-making technique that generates priorities for alternatives when multiple criteria are considered. Therefore, in the decision-making process, decision-makers must transform complex problems into a unified hierarchy of several levels. The results showed that the quality criteria received a weight of 32.5%. The price criteria received a weight of 31.3%, the flexibility criteria received a weight of 15.3%, the delivery criteria received a weight of 10.6% and the service criteria received a weight of 10.3%. In this study, there are three supplier options that can be selected. The analysis results show that PT Timbul Persada has a weight of 39.3%, PT Nafaro Bumi Mandiri has a weight of 37.8%, while supplier PT Harang Bumi Energi has a weight of 22.9%.

An Examination of Relevant Market Definition in the Digital Platform under the Nigerian Competition Legal Framework

Relevant market definition is key to any determination by the court or competition authority when ascertaining the level of competition in an industry or the likelihood of anti-competition conducts by the players in an industry. Using doctrinal method of research, this paper examines the provision of the Act in line with the peculiar nature of the digital market which operates on zero pricing with no possibility of price increase. The paper finds inter alia that the pricing criterion for relevant market definition does not fit digital market. The theory of harm introduced by the Act as an omnibus criterion for relevant market definition is not either very much helpful. The paper recommends the adoption of a modified Small but Insignificant Non-Transitory Increase in Cost (SSNIC) test. When using this test, the cost should be defined as consumer’s attention that amounts to the 5% to 10 % of the digital content.