Pre-test Post-test Research Articles

Financial resilience-focused program: A single group pretest–posttest intervention to change financial risk perception among teenagers in an ethnic minority poverty-stricken area in China

PurposeThis study examined the effects of a single-group pretest–posttest intervention in changing the level of financial risk perceptions among teenagers from the perspective of the financial resilience framework. Method37 teenagers completed the six-week nonrandomised intervention with follow-up tests at Weeks 8 and 22. Based on the pretest scores of the Internet Financial Risk Perception Scale, the participants were divided into high- and low-risk perception groups. Bayesian repeated variance analysis was then used to evaluate the influence of the intervention on financial risk perception. ResultsCompared with the baseline level, the low-risk perception group showed an increase in total financial risk perception and each subdimension. Decreased changes were observed in the long term, although no sufficient evidence was found for changes in the high-risk perception group after the intervention. ConclusionsThe financial resilience-focused framework and its corresponding program neutralizes the perceived risk. Furthermore, similar interventions should consider the initial level of risk perception among participants.

Effectiveness of Brassica juncea (Mustard) Plaster on Reduction of Knee Pain and Inability among Geriatrics with Osteoarthritis.

Pre-experimental one-group pretest posttest research design was adopted to investigate the effectiveness of Brassica juncea (mustard) plaster on reduction of knee pain and inability among 60 geriatrics with osteoarthritis. The inability was assessed using the Western Ontario McMaster University (WOMAC) Index, which includes 24 parameters under three major headings: joint pain, joint stiffness, and difficulty in performing daily activities, and the severity of pain level was assessed using a numerical pain rating scale. Mustard plaster is applied against the knee for 15 minutes once a day for seven days. On day 8, study participants were re-assessed using the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index in the interventional group. The pretest mean score of pain was 77.80 ± 5.65, and the posttest mean score was 38.88 ± 11.76. The mean difference score was 38.92. The calculated paired 't' test value of t = 24.428 was statistically significant at P < 0.001 level.

Effects of a Preoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia Education Program Using Smart Learning in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients

BackgroundPatients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy develop severe postoperative pain, and this acute pain often becomes chronic. ObjectivesThis study determines the effects of preoperative education on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) through smart learning in patients using PCA after undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies. DesignWe conducted a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design. ParticipantsA total of 60 adult patients aged 20-65 years, admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a hospital in Korea, participated in a smart learning training program. MethodsThe concept of smart learning, which integrates learning content and solutions with the fourth industrial revolution using mobile devices such as smartphones and media tablets was applied in this study. This smart learning training program comprised three phases: (1) prebriefing, where patients accessed PCA knowledge via a program created by researchers and accessible using a mobile web device (e.g., smartphone or an iPad), with training covering pain characteristics, PCA effects, precautions, and usage methods; (2) simulation, where patients learned using PCA with a machine; (3) debriefing, where patients reviewed their knowledge and skills. ResultsComparing the pain between the experimental and control groups, the pain decreased significantly in both the experimental (Z = –4.40, p < .001) and control groups (Z = –4.41, p < .001), with no significant difference between groups (Z = –1.00, p = .319). Preoperative knowledge significantly increased in both the experimental (Z = –4.74, p < .001) and control groups (Z = –3.55, p < .001), with a significant difference between groups (Z = –6.05, p < .001). Total satisfaction with pain control was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. ConclusionsA structured educational program on PCA use is an effective nursing intervention. PCA educational programs using smart learning could help patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy understand postoperative pain, promote efficient PCA use, and enhance their satisfaction with pain control.

Creation of Engineering Drawing Learning Modules Using Datum Plane Media in Improving Students' Competence in Automotive Engineering Skills at SMK Negeri 55 Jakarta

The aim of this research is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the engineering drawing module using datum plane media to strengthen students' knowledge about projections on objects. This research uses the 4D research method developed by S. Thiagarajan, Dorothy S. Semmel, and Melvyn I. Semmel in 1974 which consists of 4 stages, namely Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and pre test-post test. The subjects of this research were students majoring in automotive engineering at SMKN 55 Jakarta 2023/2024 academic year class x semester 1 with a sample size of 30 students from a population of 3 classes totalling 103 students. The research began with Define, namely defining the need for difficulties in students' understanding of reading and drawing projections by observing and interviewing teachers who teach technical drawing. Furthermore, from the observation data obtained, the researchers looked for solutions to the problems faced by automotive vocational school students with modules that use datum planes, so the researchers designed the required modules and datum planes. At the Develop stage, the researcher's design is validated by material experts and media experts, their criticism and suggestions are used as input for revising the media created. Finally, the Disseminate media stage, which had been validated and revised, was used on 30 students from SMKN 55 Jakarta, carried out a pre-test-post test and obtained an average result for the entire pre-test sample of 45.33 and post-test of 68.17.

Pengaruh Blanket Warmer Terhadap Suhu Tubuh Pasien Intra Sectio Caesarea Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Terjadinya Hipotermi

Sectio caesarean is a surgical process involving an incision that is very risky and causes many complications for the human body. One of the complications caused by an intra-cesarean section is hypothermia. Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it produces warmth. When the body temperature drops, the nervous system and other organs typically cannot function properly, which in turn affects the functioning of many other organs (Dafiani, 2021). This study aimed to determine the effect of a blanket warmer on the body temperature of intra-cesarean section patients to prevent hypothermia. This quantitative study used a quasi-experimental design (pre-test–post-test with a control group design). Data were collected on intra-section cesarean patients. As many as 35 respondents had been given non-pharmacotherapy therapy in the form of a blanket warmer. The results of the analysis showed that most pregnant women were aged 20–35 years in the no-risk group (91.4%), cesarean section with absolute indication (68.6%), and cesarean section duration &lt; 60 minutes (57.1%). The minimum body temperature of 35.7°C before receiving a blanket warmer, and a maximum body temperature of 36.6°C after receiving one. After carrying out statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test, a P-value of 0.000, or ≤ 0.05, was obtained. In conclusion, blanket warmers influence the incidence of intra-cesarean hypothermia at SMC Telogorejo Hospital. Suggestions for further research include developing variables that can disrupt the thermoregulation system, as well as comparing the use of tools other than blanket warmers to prevent hypothermia before surgery.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KARTU PINTAR BERBASIS VIDEO ANIMASI TIGA DIMENSI DENGAN PENGINTEGRASIAN KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN KOSAKATA BAHASA JAWA SISWA KELAS III SDN PETOMPON 01 SEMARANG

The use of Javanese vocabulary at SDN Petompon 01 Semarang was not optimal. This wasbecause children locked practice in speaking Javanese and also the use of learning media is stillminimal. Responding to this phenomenon, researchers developed smart card learning media basedon Three-Dimensional Animation Videos with the integration of local wisdom to fosterenthusiasm and increase the use of Javanese vocabulary in the school. The research was carriedout on 2 July - 24 August 2023 at SDN Pentompon 01 Semarang. This research used R&amp;D(Research and Development) with a qualitative approach. The research population was allstudents in class IIIA at SDN Petompon 01 Semarang, totaling 16 students. Small group trialresearch sample testing was carried out in class IIIB using a purposive sampling technique bytaking 6 students based on class ranking, namely three students in the top rank, two students inthe middle rank, and one student in the bottom rank. Large group trials were carried out in ClassIIIA. The dependent variable of this research was increasing Javanese vocabulary, while theindependent variable is developing smart card learning media based on Three-DimensionalAnimation Videos with the integration of local wisdom. The data collection techniques used wereobservation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires and tests. The instruments used areobservation guidelines, interview guidelines, questionnaire sheets, and test questions. Productdata analysis techniques and initial data analysis consist of a normality test and homogeneity testas well as final data analysis consisting of the N-Gain Test and also the T-test. The researchresults showed that an average of 61 pretest results and posttest scores showed an increase in theaverage student score of 67.5333 with a percentage increase of 41% in the pretest results and 44%in the posttest results with details of 10 students who did not complete. and 6 students completedit so it can be concluded that three-dimensional animated video-based learning media is quitefeasible and effective for use in learning Javanese

ADMINISTRATION OF SALACCA ZALACCA FRUIT ON CHANGES IN HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN EMESIS GRAVIDARUM IN BANJARNEGARA DISTRICT

The consequences of emesis gravidarum are unbalanced nutritional intake, dehydration and anemia can occur during pregnancy. A non-pharmacological alternative to reduce nausea and increase hemoglobin levels is by consuming fresh salak fruit. The aim of the research is that salak fruit can increase the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women TM I. This type of research is quasi-experimental, pretest post test control group design. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting. The treatment in the intervention group was consumption of 100 mg salak fruit plus 30 mg vitamin B6 per day for 10 days and the control group received 30 mg vitamin B6 plus counseling about nutrition for pregnant women in the first trimester. Before the intervention was given, hemoglobin was measured and on day 11 it was measured again. .Statistical test with paired t test analysis and independent t test. The results were that there was an average change in hemoglobin levels in the intervention group, namely 0.041 mmHg, while there was no change in the control group. Research shows that 100 mg of salak fruit given for 10 days can increase Hb by 0.41 gr%.

Effectiveness of project-based learning in improving nahwu learning outcomes

Based on the results of Nahwu's initial ability assessment of students, only 7.8% of students passed the minimum completion criteria (KKM). This data indicates that students do not understand Nahwu science well. For this reason, Project Based Learning (PjBL) is applied in learning to determine its effectiveness in improving student Nahwu learning outcomes. In this regard, researchers used a quasi-experiment method type one group pre-test post-test because the data came from students in the 3rd grade of Arabic Language Education (PBA) D for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 38 students. This data was collected through observation, interviews, tests and documentation techniques. Then, the data was analyzed using a paired sample t-test to determine students' Nahwu learning outcomes before and after using PjBL and N-Gain Score to determine their effectiveness in improving students' Nahwu learning outcomes. The research results show that PjBL is quite effective in improving student Nahwu learning outcomes.

Learning by Doing: Hands-on Activities for Learning Mathematical Concepts at ECE Level

This study was designed to examine the effects of hands-on activities on mathematical concepts at ECE level. The main objective of this study was to increase students’ understanding about early mathematical concepts through hands-on activities. Nursery class of Government Primary School Kotkay Puran Shangla KPK was selected for the study as a sample. The nature of the study demanded an experimental research design and one-group pre-test post-test design was used. The test was conducted before teaching through hands-on activities and after to see the effects. In 45 classes the treatment was completed. Pre-test and post-test were the same. The results of paired sample t-test provide evidence of significant differences which show that students’ learning of mathematical concepts was raised when taught through hands-on activities. This study recommends emphasizing the importance of hands-on activities while teaching at ECE level.

The Influence Of Interactive Learning Media To Increase Learning Motivation And Learning Outcomes For Early Childhood

Specific learning objectives, pedagogical approaches, and the overall learning environment must be taken into account when assessing the impact of interactive media on student motivation and learning outcomes. Learning media have a major influence on children's ability to understand the material presented. This is because the media used is able to provide a real and concrete understanding of the message so that the message conveyed is clearer and deeper The research design used causal quantitative by administering a pretest posttest to young children in Labschool Kindergarten with a number of 25 objects, analysis using the SPSS version 24 program. Based on the summary of the results of the hypothesis test as shown in Table 3 with the results in the first hypothesis test P Value of 0.073 means P&gt; 0.05, in the second hypothesis test P Value of 0.078 means P&gt; 0.05 and in the third hypothesis test P Value is 0.065 means p&gt; 0.05 then in all these tests the zero hypothesis is rejectedThe findings support the hypothesis that interactive multimedia has a positive effect on student motivation and learning outcomes in special subjects on the theme of Introduction to Pancasila in Kindergarten. IKIP PGRI Labschool keyword. interactive learning media, motivation, and learning outcomes

IMPACT OF BLENDED LEARNING TEACHING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL

The increasing demands on teachers have led to the strategic integration of information communication technology, suggesting that teachers' efficacy can be heightened through the judicious incorporation of technology into their teaching techniques. In light of this premise, this research aimed to assess the impact of blending learning teaching techniques on the academic achievements of 8th class science subject students in Gujranwala. The main objective was to compare achievement levels between blending learning and traditional methods. In this regard, the pre-test post-test control group design was utilized, with a sample of sixty students randomly selected. Data were collected through achievement test, revealing the blending learnings' superiority in enhancing the students' cognitive skills according to Bloom's taxonomy. This study examined the leading issues in contemporary situation wherein results provide significant information in reaching the decision of study and making some appropriate recommendations. This highlighted the potential benefits in a tailor-made format thereby incorporating blending learning in developments of education at different levels especially at the elementary level.

Effect of Make a Match Technique on Students’ Vocabulary Mastery

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Make a Match Technique on students' vocabulary mastery at SMPN 1 Panti Jember in the academic year 2022/2023. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group. The population was seventh grade consist of 186 students and the sample of this research was seventh grade consist of 58 students of class E and F. The data were collected by using pre-test and post-test in control class and experimental class were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. The mean score of experimental class before giving the treatment is 72,30 and the mean score after giving the treatment is 87,40. For testing the hypothesis is used mann-whitney test as a substitute independent test, and the result is Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 &lt; 0,05. So, the Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Additionally, the result of data analysis shows that there is a significant effect on students’ vocabulary mastery who taught using Make a Match Technique. Using the Make a Match technique can also stimulate students to remember vocabulary better, especially in nouns and verbs.

The Effectiveness of Diabetic Self-Management Education (DSME) on Dietary Habit, Obesity, and Physical Activity Among Patients with DM Type II

Diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders are the priority programs in Indonesia. There is one program to reduce the fatality impact of diabetes which is diabetic self-management education (DSME). This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on dietary habits, physical activity, and obesity. This study is a quasi-experimental approach with one group pre-test post-test design. The sample in this study was 75 people with DM type II. The intervention for all samples was done for 4 sessions. Each session lasted 60 to 120 minutes/day with a maximum of 10 patients. The findings revealed that dietary habits were good from 56.0% to 69.3%, physical activity was good from 54.7% to 76.0%, and obesity decreased from 69.3% to 57.35, respectively for pre and post-test. The paired t-test result revealed that DSME correlates with dietary habits, physical activity, and obesity (obesity, physical activity, and dietary habit with p-values 0.024; 0.007; and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, DSME has significantly influenced dietary habits, physical activity, and obesity. Education is crucial in promoting physical activity among individuals with diabetes. By enhancing self-efficacy, providing education on self-care behaviors, and emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity, these programs contribute to improving metabolic control, quality of life, and overall health outcomes in diabetic patients.

The Efficacy of EMDR-Focused Group Counseling Program Applied to Primary School Students with PTSD Symptoms in Grief Process

The purpose of the paper is to examine the efficacy of the EMDR-focused group counseling program applied to primary school students who show PTSD symptoms in grief process. The research is quasi-experimental, pretest posttest and follow-up design with a control group. Participants were 12 students; the experimental group consisted of 6 students and the control group consisted of 6 students. Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was utilized in the research. EMDR-focused group counseling program was applied to the experimental group students. For data analysis; Mann Whitney U Test was used for intergroup comparisons; Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used for intragroup comparisons. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the mean scores of all subscales of CPSS of the experimental group students, who participated in the EMDR-focused group counseling program, differed significantly. In order to identify the measurements causing the difference, multiple comparison tests were conducted. It is detected that the reexperiencing and hyperarousal subscales score means of the experimental group students decreased significantly from the pretest to the follow-up test, the mean score of the avoidance subscale decreased significantly from the pretest to the posttest. Regarding the intragroup comparisons; it was found that follow-up measures of reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal scores decreased significantly in favor of the experimental group. The findings reveal that the EMDR-focused group counseling program is effective in reducing the symptoms of primary school students who show PTSD symptoms in grief process.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDFULNESS DEEP BREATHING TO INCREASE STUDENTS' ACADEMIC WELL-BEING

The study of positive psychology is currently an interesting part of efforts to form students who are active and happy in the learning process with meaningful activities. Mindfulness deep breathing in the learning process is not widely studied, because research is still limited to individual and group contexts. Thus, this research focuses on the application of classical mindfulness deep breathing format which is effective in improving students' academic well-being. The design used was multiple pretest post test with the research subjects being class X high school students. Data collection uses the Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (SSWQ). The results of the repeated measure test prove that the classical format mindfulness deep breathing is effective in improving students' academic well-being (f (1,72) = 272,80; p &lt;0,001). The findings in this study show the effectiveness of the mindfulness deep breathing technique implemented in a classical format in improving students' academic well-being.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUTBOUND MANAGEMENT TRAINING WITH GAME TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SELF-ADJUSTMENT

Students need to adjust because, as adult individuals, they must deal with the expectations and hardships of college life. One of the initiatives to promote personal mental health is self-adjustment. The inability to adapt to daily life in various social environments can cause unhappiness for someone, especially students. One effort to improve student adjustment is through outbound management training using game techniques. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of outbound management training using game techniques to improve student adjustment. This research is quantitative research with a one-group pretest posttest research design. The research subjects were 12 students from the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at PGRI Madiun University. The sampling technique uses the purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a self-adjustment scale consisting of 15 items referring to the Psychology of Adjustment theory, including four components, namely accurate perception of reality, ability to overcome stress and anxiety, positive self-image, ability to express feelings, and good interpersonal relationships. The data analysis technique uses the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The research results show that outbound management training is effective in improving students' adjustment to everyday life.

The Effect of Eight-Week Kegel Exercise on Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Females with Urinary Incontinence

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the leakage of urine which is often uncontrollable and can negatively impact on the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an eight-week of Kegel exercise as a complementary therapy on QoL in postmenopausal females with UI. Methods: The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group trial. The participants were Iranian women aged between 60 to 95 years with UI problems referring to medical centers in Najafabad city in Isfahan Province, Iran. Twenty four female UI patients were recruited and randomly divided into Kegel exercise (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). The Kegel group received exercise three times a week for eight-week, and the control group continued their routine life. The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire were used for data collection. The variables were measured before and after the Kegel protocol in both groups. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance were used to assess variable differences between groups (p &lt; 0.05). Results: The mean age of UI patients was 70.83 ± 7.61 years old. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant decrease in stress urinary incontinence symptoms (F = 61.88, p = 0.01), urge urinary incontinence symptoms (F = 111.56, p = 0.01), and UI symptoms (F = 88.20, p = 0.01), and significant increase in physical health (F = 28.93, p = 0.01), psychological health (F = 15.35, p = 0.01), social relationships (F = 18.83, p = 0.01), environment health (F = 155.51, p = 0.01), QoL (F = 132.07, p = 0.01) in Kegel exercise group. Conclusion: Kegel exercise can be an effective complementary therapy for improving QoL in postmenopausal female suffering from UI. Healthcare providers should consider recommending Kegel exercise as part of comprehensive treatment approach for postmenopausal female with UI to help alleviate symptoms and enhance their overall QoL.

The Effect of Sex Education and Counseling Based on the Ex-PLISSIT Model on Sexual Life in Primigravidas

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of sexual education and counseling based on the Ex-PLISSIT model on sexual function, attitudes towards sexuality during pregnancy, sexual distress, and quality of sexual life in primigravidas. Methods: This study was carried out on 62 primigravidas in a pretest posttest, a quasi-experimental control group. Primigravidas meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to the groups by simple random sampling method. The intervention group received training and counseling sessions twice. The control group received routine care during the follow-up period. The results were compared with the evaluation forms 10 weeks after each training and counseling session. The forms were administered to the control group at the same time as the intervention group. Results: The mean scores of the intervention and control groups’ attitude towards sexuality during pregnancy in the second test (95%CI=2.33-19.01; d=0.65, p=.013) and in the posttest (95%CI=2.28-19.34; d=0.64, p=.015) were statistically significantly different. Sexual life quality scale mean scores of the intervention and control groups were statistically significant in the second test (95%CI=8.27-18.54; d=1.33, p=.000) and the posttest (95%CI=12.14-22.01; d=1.76, p=.000) level was different. In addition, the mean scores of the intervention group were higher after sexual education and counseling based on the Ex-PLISSIT model. Conclusion: In this study, sexual education and counseling based on the Ex-PLISSIT model positively affected primigravida’s attitudes towards sexuality and their quality of sexual life. Therefore, this model can be used as a cost-effective and simple counseling method to improve the sexual life.

Improving German Speaking through YouTube Media in Higher Education

This study aims to obtain data and information about the effectiveness and practicality of YouTube in learning German speaking for second-semester students of the German language education study program in terms of learning outcomes and student responses. This study was experimental research, and the experimental model used was a pre-experimental design. The design form used is a one-group pre-test post-test group. The sample selection was done using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done through a German-speaking skill test. The data were analyzed using t-test analysis. The findings of the research revealed that there was a significant difference before and after using YouTube media in learning German speaking, and student responses showed very positive results of 87.28%, so it was declared successful, effective, and practical to use in learning German speaking.

THE EFFECT OF DIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION (DSME) ON SELF EFFICACY IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a health problem in the world. Currently, the number of DM cases globally has reached 537 million people, and Indonesia ranks fifth highest in the world. Low knowledge and dietary compliance are a problem that continues to contribute to new cases and relapses of old cases characterized by uncontrolled increases in blood sugar. This is caused by low self-efficacy which is characterized by feelings of hopelessness. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on self-efficacy in type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. Methods: This study used a Quasy-experimental design, with a pretest posttest equivalent control group design, the sample size was 68 type II DM patients, consisting of 34 intervention groups and 34 control groups. Self-efficacy data was collected using the DMSES (Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale) questionnaire. Univariate analysis was used to describe the frequency distribution of respondents, mean, median and standard deviation. Next, bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon test. Results: There was a significant difference in the difference in mean value self-efficacy between before and after intervention with p-value 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale is effective increase self-efficacy. Thus, DSME can be an alternative intervention to overcome problems and prevent complications in DM patients.