Pre-test Post-test Research Articles

Effects of a Six-Week Aerobic Exercise Training Program on Lipid Profiles in Sedentary Women

This study investigated how a six-week training program involving aerobic exercise affected the lipid profile of women who were sedentary. Using the pre-test post-test model, 36 sedentary female volunteers aged 18-29 years participated in the study. After the participants had fasted overnight, healthcare professionals took blood samples from them both before and after the training program in a clinical setting. Measurements were taken of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol. The data obtained was subjected to a paired-samples test using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program to compare the values before and after training. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were used to clarify the levels of comparison. Statistically significant differences were seen in blood lipid levels (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol) between pre- and post-training assessments (p < 0.05). This study found that a six-week aerobic exercise program significantly increased HDL cholesterol levels by 15.8% (from 46.66 mg/dL to 54.05 mg/dL, p = 0.000) and decreased LDL cholesterol levels by 15.7% (from 96.72 mg/dL to 81.52 mg/dL, p = 0.000) in sedentary women. The study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise programs, such as spinning, can significantly improve lipid profiles in sedentary women, potentially reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease. Future research should incorporate control groups to strengthen these findings.

The Effect of Ethnoscience Learning on the Development of Students' Cognitive and Affective Aspects in Junior High School

This research aims to examine the influence of ethnoscience learning on the development of students' cognitive and affective aspects. This quasi-experimental research uses a pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. This research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The population of this study was 320 class VII students at MTsN 1 Mataram, with a sample size of 34 people in the experimental class and 34 people in the control class. Data was obtained from test instruments for the "cognitive" aspect in the form of essays and questionnaire instruments for the "affective" aspect in the form of attitude statements. The statistical test used in this research is one-way MANCOVA with one covariate. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference in the influence of using ethnoscience learning on cognitive and affective learning simultaneously or together after controlling for students' initial abilities. The cognitive and affective scores of students in classes that use ethnoscience learning are higher than those in conventional classes. The conclusion of this research is that ethnoscience learning has a positive effect on the cognitive and affective aspects of junior high school students at MTsN 1 Mataram.

INFLUENCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION ABOUT SEX AND ITS IMPACT ON KNOWLEDGE OF PRIMARY PREVENTION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SDN BANGSAL 4, KEDIRI CITY

Violence and sexual crimes that occur against children are problems that are still a global challenge and threat, including Indonesia. Because the resulting impact can damage the child's future both from physical, mental, social, psychological aspects, as well as the child's mindset. Sexual violence against children is one of the factors that has a negative influence on children's growth and development. This research studied the influence of education about sex and its impact on knowledge of primary prevention of sexual violence in children at SDN Bangsal 4, Kediri City. The research design used a comparative analytical design with a pre-post-test approach (One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design), the sample size was 26 respondents were taken using total sampling technique. The independent variable in this research is education about sex and its impacts. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is knowledge of primary prevention of sexual violence in children. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon statistical test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results of the research showed that the level of knowledge after being given the intervention, the majority of respondents had good knowledge: 21 children (81%), and only a small portion had poor knowledge: 1 child (4%), and there was an influence of education about sex and its impact on primary prevention of sexual violence in children (Wilcoxon p value 0.000 < 0.05, then Ho is rejected). It was concluded that providing education about sex and its impact has a great influence on children's knowledge. Thus, it is hoped that through continuous education we can detect and minimize the number of incidents of sexual violence.

Efektifitas Konseling Kelompok Cognitive Behavior Therapy Sebagai Strategi Intervensi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa SMPN 3 Talang

This research was motivated by problems often experienced by students as shown by declining academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of student learning difficulty and the effectiveness of group counseling with cognitive behavior therapy in reducing learning difficulties in grade IX SMPN 3 Talang. The method used is experimental research with a pretest posttest one group pretest design. The results showed that (1) the level of learning difficulty was quite high; (2) group counseling with cognitive behavior therapy can reduce learning difficulties such as by decreasing pretest and posttest scores by 43.88 to 26.22; (3) Group counseling with cognitive behavior therapy is effective as an intervention strategy for learning difficulties shown by the results of paired sample t-tests showing significant changes.

Pengaruh Model Blended Learning Berbantuan Quipper School Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Puisi Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai

This research aims to (1) Analyze the poetry writing ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 4 Binjai before using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School; (2) Analyzing the poetry writing ability of class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai students after using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School; (3) Analyze the influence of the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School on the ability to write poetry in class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a one group pre-test post-test design research design. The population in this research is all students of class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai, totaling 110 people and the sample in this research is students of class The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative data by testing analysis requirements, homogeneity testing, homogeneity testing and hypothesis testing. The research results showed that the average score for students' poetry writing ability before using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School was 57.77. The average score obtained by students after using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School was 82.77% and was classified as good. Based on the results of the t test that was carried out, a value was obtained at a significant level of a = 0.05, the value of the t table provisions was 2.46 and the result of t = 13.06. So tcount ˃ ttable is 13.06 > 2.46, so ho (null hypothesis) is rejected and ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted. Overall, it can be concluded that teaching using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School has a positive effect on the results of the poetry writing ability of class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai students.

P, Pengaruh We hereby propose to the team our research article with the title THE INFLUENCE OF CHEST MOBILIZATION AND CHEST EXPANSION RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON EXPANSION THORACS OF PNEUMOTHORACIC PATIENTS IN THE LUNG HOSPITAL DR. M. GOENAWAN PARTOWIDIGDO, we hope that i

Pneumothorax is common in the age range of 26-45 years. More men were diagnosed with pneumothorax with a percentage of 68.8%, and women were 31.1%. Health problems in patients with pneumothorax are decreased expansion, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Chest mobilization(CM) can maximize chest wall by stretching the chest wall and chest expansion resistance exercise(CERE) which is effective for increasing thoracic expansion capacity. This research aims to determine the effect of CM and CERE on thoracic expansion in pneumothorax patients. This research uses a quasi-experimental study with a pretest posttest with control group design. samples were selected by purposive sampling method which had been determined according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as many as 16 people divided into 2 groups. Measurement using the midline. Univariate analysis to see characteristics of the sample. Bivariate analysis using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The results of statistical analysis of the paired sample t-test for both groups showed significant changes in thoracic expansion with a p value of 0.000, the results of the independent sample t-test obtained a p-value 0.019 for the upper thorax and 0.025 for the lower thorax. Conclusion: CM and CERE have a significant effect on chest expansion in pneumothorax patients.

“A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Evidence Based Practice in Labour Practices among Final Year Bsc Nursing Students at Selected College of Nursing, Mysuru.”

Pregnancy-related complications are the second global leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. In 2015, approximately 3,03,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide, most of which could have been prevented. The application of evidence-based practices in labour at maternity units has shown changes in pregnancy and labour outcomes, hence the researcher undertaken this study. Methods: The research approach adopted for the present study was pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. The 60 samples were selected by nonprobability purposive sampling technique. The self-structured knowledge questionnaires were used to gather the data. The data was analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: In the pre-test the overall mean percentage of knowledge score was 50.66% with mean and SD of 15.20±1.48 and in post-test the mean percentage of post-test knowledge was 91.76% with mean and SD of 27.53±1.17. The mean difference was 12.33 with SD of 1.90. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value was 50.24 at the degree of freedom 59, the p value was 0.0001. There was no significant association between the demographic variables with pretest knowledge score. Interpretation and Conclusion: The video assisted teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge of the samples regarding evidence-based practices in labor. The study recommends to conduct a study on use of evidence-based practices among staff nurses in labor room.

An Investigation into the Efficacy of Structured Education Program on the Prevention of Sexual Abuse among Adolescent Girls in Certain Schools in Mysuru

The dark issue of child sexual abuse (CSA) must start at home and spread to all levels of society if reform is to be achieved. It is awkward for parents to discuss sexuality and sexual abuse with their children because Indian society has traditionally ingrained conservative beliefs about these topics in its youth. The majority of homes completely avoid having these conversations, which understates the potential of harm, particularly in cases of rare and underreported sexual abuse. Quasi experimental pre-test post-test design, a convenience sampling technique was used to select the samples (N=60). Tool was administered to assess the current knowledge, a structured teaching programme (STP) was conducted later post test was administered and data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The post-test knowledge score mean percentage (86.68%) was higher than the mean percentile of pre-test knowledge score (46.6%). The calculated paired ‘t’ value is greater than the table value (0.05 44df) = 2.01 It showed a significant difference between mean pre and post-test knowledge scores. Calculated Chi-square values are showed significant association between socio demographic data of respondents with their pre-test knowledge scores. The study findings showed that knowledge on CSA was less before STP. The results indicated that STP is helpful in increasing their knowledge effectively.

Workshop Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Kurikulum Merdeka Bagi Mahasiswa Calon Guru Agama Katolik

In practical field experiences with an independent curriculum framework, learning tools, become interactive learning media that help teachers practice when teaching and interacting with students. The problem that occurs is that student teachers do not yet properly understand the concept and implementation of the curriculum. The pre-test results show that students do not have sufficient understanding, as evidenced by the average score obtained of 60.9. The improvement solution offered is a workshop on the implementation and preparation of independent curriculum tools in schools. This activity was carried out for 6 days with 120 participants. The implementation method uses a participatory approach with pretest activity steps, material presentation and posttest. The results of this workshop activity show that the workshop activity has a positive impact on students. In terms of the ability to understand the curriculum they are learning and the components in the learning tools, this is proven by the post-test scores with an average score of 82.3, while in terms of the ability to develop learning tools in group work, students can develop teaching modules and Pancasila profile modules correctly. The positive impact of this workshop activity increases students' self-confidence in carrying out practical field experiences at school in educational units according to their phases and characteristics.

Utilising a ‘Community of Practice’ to support pharmacists to work in residential aged care: protocol for a longitudinal evaluation

IntroductionA Community of Practice is briefly defined as a group of people with a shared interest in a given area of practice who work collaboratively to grow collective knowledge. Communities...

Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Gambar Peristiwa dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of event image media and its use in learning poetry writing material for class V students at MIS Jihadul Iman Pota, East Manggarai Regency. This research uses quantitative experimental research with a one-group pre-test post-test research design. The data collection method was observation and tests (pre-test and post-test). The results of descriptive data analysis show that the average reality score for students writing poetry before using event image media (pre-test) is 56.31. Meanwhile, the average reality score for students writing poetry after using event image media (post-test) was 84.73. The inferential data analysis using the N-gain test showed that the percentage value in the high category was 63%, and the low category reached 37%. This shows a difference in the results of students' poetry writing abilities before and after using event image media, as seen from the post-test score, which is greater than the pre-test score. Thus, event image media is suitable for learning poetry writing material.

Antibacterial Potential of Freshener Water Based on Siwalan Coir Extract (Borassus flabellifer) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Airborne Bacteria

Air is an important part of life. The Quality of air can be seen from three parameters, namely chemical, physical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters of air quality can be seen from the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of airborne microorganisms, especially in enclosed spaces can affect human health, one of which can cause respiratory infections. On the other hand, people often use air freshener products. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the potential of air freshener based on siwalan (Borasus flabellifer) coir extract and lemongrass as antibacterial against airborne bacteria. This research is an experimental research with a pre test-post test design. The data obtained is in the form of the value of the Total Plate Count of indoor air bacteria before and after treatment using air freshener based on coir extract of siwalan and lemongrass. The results showed that both formulations (P1 and P2) of air freshener based on coir extract and lemongrass were able to reduce the number of airborne bacterial colonies in the room, with a significance value of 0.000<0.05.

Strengthening collaborative learning in secondary school: Development and evaluation of a lesson-integrated training approach for transactive communication

BackgroundTransactive communication in collaborative learning environments occurs when students refer to their learning partners' ideas, build on them, and transform them into more elaborate ideas. This learning activity is essential for students to be able to benefit from collaboration, but they need scaffolding to produce transactive statements. From the teachers’ perspective, this intervention should take little effort. AimsWe developed and evaluated a lesson-integrated training in transactive communication for secondary school students, including instructions, exercises, and feedback on transactive communication, materials and tasks on curriculum-related content, and working with various cooperative learning methods. SampleIn a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design, 594 ninth-grade students in 23 classes received training in transactive communication or presentation skills. A complete set of data exists for a parallelized sample of 82 students in each condition. MethodsAt both points of measurement, students worked in dyads, and their communication was audiotaped, transcribed, and their transactive statements and non-transactive, content-related externalizations were coded. Furthermore, students completed knowledge tests about the topic of partner work and reported on their experiences with collaboration and motivation for group work (trait). ResultsAnalyses revealed positive effects of the training in transactivity on transactive statements and experiences with collaboration. Students with the training in transactive communication also produced more externalizations. However, no differences were found for students’ knowledge acquisition and motivation for group work. ConclusionThe training in transactive communication was effective for the collaborative working process, but transfer effects need to be further investigated.

Waktu Pelaksanaan Senam Aerobik terhadap Mean Arterial Pressure (Map) pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) dengan Hipertensi

This study aims to analyze the timing of the best aerobic exercise in reducing mean arterial pressure as an alternative in dealing with hypertension in women of childbearing age. The research method used was quasy experimental with pretest posttest with control group design. Results of the study showed that the average decrease in MAP of the pre and post morning gymnastics group was 110.76 and 96.21 (p = 0.000), afternoon exercise 106.95 and 93.78 (p = 0.000), and the education group 108.07 and 102.42 (p = 0.008). And the results over time showed (p = 0.239) in week 2, (p = 0.032) in week 4 and (p = 0.000) in week 6. It was concluded that aerobic exercise in the morning was more effective in reducing MAP compared to aerobic exercise in the afternoon and the control group in women of childbearing age. Keywords: Mean Arterial Pressure, Aerobic Gymnastics, Women of Childbearing Age

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Policy among the Staff Nurses in Paediatric and Obstetric Ward in Selected Hospital of Jabalpur City

The research approach adopted for this study was experimental in nature .A pre- experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness planned teaching programme on the baby friendly hospital initiative policy among the staff nurses in paediatric and obstetric ward selected hospital of Jabalpur City .The data were collected from Jabalpur Hospital &Research, Napier Town Jabalpur, (M.P),Omega Children Hospital and Critical Care ,Anant hospital City Hospital, Jabalpur Using purposive sampling technique.

The Effectiveness of Spirituality-Centered Cognitive Therapy on Body Image, Sexual Function, Illness Perception and Intrusive Thoughts in Iranian Women after Mastectomy

Spirituality-centered cognitive therapy refers to the way in which people search for and express the meaning and purpose of their lives, as well as experience connection with themselves, others, nature, and spirituality. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of spirituality-centered cognitive therapy on body image, sexual function, disease perception, and disturbing thoughts in women after mastectomy. This was semi-experimental research, which was conducted via a pre-test–post-test method and had a control group. The samples included 85 women with breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy, and, based on the inclusion criteria, 78 individuals were randomly selected and were then divided into two groups (39 individuals in the intervention group and 39 individuals in the control group). The intervention group received eight 120 min sessions of spirituality-centered cognitive therapy, and the control group did not receive any training. Data were collected using questionnaires on illness perception, body image, sexual function, and rumination and were then analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-24. Before the training, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the scores obtained by the scales. After the intervention, the mean scores in all scales except sexual function were significantly different from the control group. Therefore, spirituality-centered cognitive therapy may be useful for improving negative psychological symptoms among women in Iran with breast cancer after mastectomy surgery.

Effectiveness of an eHealth intervention for reducing psychological distress and increasing COVID-19 knowledge and protective behaviors among racialized sexual and gender minority adults: A quasi-experimental study (#SafeHandsSafeHearts).

Sexual and gender minority and racialized populations experienced heightened vulnerability during the Covid-19 pandemic. Marginalization due to structural homophobia, transphobia and racism, and resulting adverse social determinants of health that contribute to health disparities among these populations, were exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic and public health measures to control it. We developed and tested a tailored online intervention (#SafeHandsSafeHearts) to support racialized lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other persons outside of heteronormative and cisgender identities (LGBTQ+) in Toronto, Canada during the pandemic. We used a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-session, peer-delivered eHealth intervention in reducing psychological distress and increasing Covid-19 knowledge and protective behaviors. Individuals ≥18-years-old, resident in Toronto, and self-identified as sexual or gender minority were recruited online. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, and Covid-19 knowledge and protective behaviors were assessed at baseline, 2-weeks postintervention, and 2-months follow-up. We used generalized estimating equations and zero-truncated Poisson models to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on the four primary outcomes. From March to November 2021, 202 participants (median age, 27 years [Interquartile range: 23-32]) were enrolled in #SafeHandsSafeHearts. Over half (54.5%, n = 110) identified as cisgender lesbian or bisexual women or women who have sex with women, 26.2% (n = 53) cisgender gay or bisexual men or men who have sex with men, and 19.3% (n = 39) transgender or nonbinary individuals. The majority (75.7%, n = 143) were Black and other racialized individuals. The intervention led to statistically significant reductions in the prevalence of clinically significant depressive (25.4% reduction, p < .01) and anxiety symptoms (16.6% reduction, p < .05), and increases in Covid-19 protective behaviors (4.9% increase, p < .05), from baseline to postintervention. We demonstrated the effectiveness of a brief, peer-delivered eHealth intervention for racialized LGBTQ+ communities in reducing psychological distress and increasing protective behaviors amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementation through community-based organizations by trained peer counselors supports feasibility, acceptability, and the importance of engaging racialized LGBTQ+ communities in pandemic response preparedness. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04870723.

Interprofessional delivery of Read It Again – KindergartenQ!: Classroom, educator, and child outcomes of an Australian pilot study

Purpose Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) data for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) indicates a concerning increase in the proportion of children who are at risk or developmentally vulnerable in the domains of communication and general knowledge, and language and cognitive skills. This study investigated the effectiveness of speech-language pathologist and educator collaboration to build educator capacity to promote oral language and emergent literacy skills in preschool children. Method A quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of interprofessional delivery of Read It Again – KindergartenQ! on (a) children’s oral language and emergent literacy outcomes, (b) educators’ oral language and emergent literacy instructional practices, and (c) quality of the classroom environment. Result Children demonstrated improved print knowledge and narrative skills. One of the two educators demonstrated a significant increase in their use of oral language and emergent literacy promoting strategies in their day-to-day interactions with children. No significant changes were observed in the classroom environment. Conclusion Interprofessional collaboration with a coaching component is an effective method of improving children’s emergent literacy skills and educator instructional practices.

Effect of Structured Cardio-Respiratory Fitness Protocol on Physical Function and Performance in Geriatric Patients: A Quasi Experimental Study

Background: Exercise interventions have emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating age-related declines, particularly in the context of physiological changes such as sarcopenia and muscle strength loss. A recent study utilizing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework underscored declines in physical functioning among older adults. Geriatric individuals commonly undergo cardio-respiratory changes and experience a decrease in physical fitness. This study seeks to compare the effects of a structured cardio-respiratory fitness protocol with a conventional exercise program on physical function and performance in geriatric patients, with a specific focus on the impact of cardio-respiratory fitness on overall physical function. Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design spanning six months, two groups of participants aged 50 to 70, encompassing both genders and with a BMI between 20 and 30, was included. The experimental group adhered to the structured cardio-respiratory fitness protocol, while the control group received conventional physiotherapy. Measured parameters included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and Borg scale ratings. Pre and post-treatment data underwent statistical analysis. Results: Both groups demonstrated improvements in HR, RR, PEFR, and Borg scale ratings post-intervention. Notably, the experimental group exhibited significantly greater improvements in these parameters compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The structured cardio-respiratory fitness protocol yielded a significant enhancement in physical function and performance among geriatric patients. Recommendations for future research involve incorporating larger sample sizes, extended intervention durations, and personalized approaches to maximize effectiveness. This study contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits of structured cardio-respiratory fitness interventions for augmenting geriatric physical function and overall quality of life.

Improving clinical reasoning and communication during handover: An intervention study of the BRIEF-C tool

BackgroundExisting handover communication tools often lack a clear theoretical foundation, have limited psychometric evidence, and overlook effective communication strategies for enhancing diagnostic reasoning. This oversight becomes critical as communication breakdowns...