Practical Necessity Research Articles

From Divided to Diasporic: Re-envisioning Italian American Texts through Transformative Translingual Practices

From Divided to Diasporic: Re-envisioning Italian American Texts through Transformative Translingual Practices

СОДЕРЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОНТРОЛЯ В СФЕРЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ЗАКУПОК

The article is devoted to aspects of the implementation of substantive aspects of control activities in the sphere of procurement. The author consider the mechanisms of functioning of the public procurement system, the ways of its development, the process of carrying out control activities, taking into account the provisions enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation, their necessity and application in practice.

Incidence of dental barotrauma and temporomandibular joint problems of divers in Turkey

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to examine dental barotrauma and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complaints in a large group of divers. Method: This survey study included scuba divers older than 18. The questionnaire contained 25 questions about the demographic characteristics of divers, dental health behaviors, and diving-related dental, sinus and/or temporomandibular joint pain Results: The study group consisted of 287 instructors, recreational and commercial divers (mean age 38.96 years) (79.1% males). A total of 46% of divers reported a frequency of tooth brushing less than twice a day; 28% never receive a routine dental examination; 22.6% experienced dental pain after and/or during diving, mostly in the upper posterior teeth (40%); 17% required dental treatment; 77% of these cases are restoration fracture. TMJ symptoms after diving were statistically significantly higher in women (p=0.04). Jaw and masticatory muscle pain in the morning (p<0.001) limitation of mouth opening (p=0.04) and joint sounds in daily life (p<0.001) were recorded as exacerbated after diving; the results were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In our study, the localization of barodontalgia was consistent with the distribution of caries and restored tooth areas in the literature. Dive-related TMJ pain was also more common in those with pre-dive problems such as bruxism and joint noise. Our results are important to remind us of the necessity of preventive dentistry practices and early diagnosis of problems in divers. Divers should take personal precautions, such as brushing their teeth twice a day and avoiding the need for urgent treatment. The use of a personalized mouthpiece is also recommended for divers to prevent dive-related temporomandibular joint diseases.

The occupational risks and health effects resulting from exposition to cytotoxic drugs preparation

Health professionals dealing with cytotoxic drugs are exposed to occupational hazards, which need to be controlled and reduced to the lowest possible level. The research intends to analyse the effect on the health of the manipulators and the main risks exposition in the preparation of cytotoxic drugs. To achieve this aim, a quantitative analysis was carried out based on data collected through the application of a survey developed for cytotoxic drugs manipulators in Portuguese Oncology institutions. The main results show some symptoms for general manipulators, the occurrence of accidents in the past and more training is required as important. The number of accidents is not connected with more training needs and proceedings lack of knowledge by manipulators. The research intends to contribute to the manipulation of cytotoxic drugs by health professionals, proposing the necessity of better and good practices implemented and organised throughout the CTX manipulation process that must be transversal between different oncology institutions.

Отказ от осуществления прав по договору на основании положений Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации

In this study, the author was interested in the legislative approach to the conditions and methods of implementing the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (RF Civil Code), which consider the possibility of a refusal to exercise rights under the contract as an exception to the general rule, when such refusal in the future will entail the inadmissibility of repeated exercise of this right for the same reasons. The author analyzed certain norms of the RF Civil Code, when provisions on a refusal to exercise rights under the contract found their application in specific situations. Such norms of the RF Civil Code confirmed the main goal of the legislator when introducing the provisions under study. It consists in ensuring that business entities fully use the freedom of a contract, exercise their rights in the contract at their own discretion, exercise the right of a refusal, but do not seek to abuse the freedom granted to them. As a part of the analysis of the RF Civil Code norms, the author identified the conditions and methods for implementing the provisions on a refusal to exercise rights, the consequences of such a refusal, as well as distinctive features allowing distinguishing the provisions under study from the RF Civil Code provisions on the repudiation of a contract (its execution) as a whole. Conclusions are drawn that allow understanding the legal sufficiency and practical necessity of applying the studied provisions of the RF Civil Code in civil circulation.

Стратегічне управління розвитком транспортного підприємства

The article is aimed at substantiating and forming theoretical and methodological foundations of strategic management of development of transport enterprise. The author of the article reveals the dependence and importance of the category of development strategy of transport enterprise on external changes in the market segment, which is necessary in conditions of uncertainty, the growing rapid variability of the environment and the need for instant response. The article forms, substantiates and improves the content and essence of the components of the strategy for managing the development of transport enterprise. Attention is focused on the importance of integration processes for transport enterprises regarding the implementation in their work of the principles of sustainable development in the field of transport system. The stages of strategic management and structuring of problems as an instrument for assessing the initiative of holistic-oriented thinking in relation to managerial decision-making were also considered. One of the most urgent tasks of modern management is the formation of a model of strategic management of the development of a transport enterprise, the search for modern and novel instruments for its implementation, which are able to ensure economic development and its effective functioning in both the domestic and the foreign markets. It is determined that the solution of this problem depends on timely and preliminary formation of a map of actions for strategic management of the enterprise’s activity. The formed model of strategic management of the development of a transport enterprise will allow systematizing the managerial decisions, problem areas of management, will reduce uncertainty in matters of the relative state and efficiency of the enterprise in a changing situation of the external environment. The article substantiates practical necessity of a model of strategic management of development of a transport enterprise to achieve continuous and efficient operation of the transport enterprise.

К ВОПРОСУ МОРАТОРИЯ НА БАНКРОТСТВО ПРИ НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНЫХ МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

This article discusses the question of the advisability of introducing a moratorium on bankruptcy in an unfavorable macroeconomic environment, for example, during the covid period. The results of the introduction of a moratorium on bankruptcy in the Russian Federation and the practical necessity of using the Russian experience in the Republic of Belarus are analyzed. Based on the available official data and the experience of a number of business entities, it was concluded that it would be inappropriate to introduce a moratorium on bankruptcy in the Republic of Belarus.

Content Analysis of Tourism Section of Davao Oriental Official Websites

This study identified the extent of language use in the tourism pages of the official websites of the province. The text and images of six tourism pages were subjected to qualitative content analysis, and data were coded to identify the linguistic features and discursive techniques employed by the tourism officers in promoting and motivating potential clients to visit tourism destinations in the province. The common lexical features were positive adjectives and use of proper nouns for descriptions while the syntactic features were declaratives in active voice, imperatives in the form of commands and requests, and interrogatives in the form of wh-questions. In addition, modality includes brightness, color contrast, and perspective; while the salience composes of perspective, relative size, and sharpness of objects in focus. The use of collage features three to six photos with descriptive texts and participants such as people captured in photos. On the discursive techniques, the tourism administrators employed the techniques to inform such practical necessities for decision-making like cognitive necessities, to persuade through manipulation, and to direct in the form of directives.

Моделювання системи управління витратами на підприємстві: теоретико-методичний аспект

The article is aimed at substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations of modeling the enterprise cost management system and determining the effect of its practical introduction. Based on the analysis of literary sources, semantic signs of costs have been allocated. It is determined that, in accordance with the system approach, costs are the object of management and a component of the general information and analytical system, further on, costs are subject to identification, analysis, evaluation, optimization in order to find reserves for the growth of profitability indicators of enterprise while observing the reduction in the level of cost of output, other things being equal. The article substantiates, examines and specifies the methodical bases of modeling the cost management system of the enterprise, consisting of the following mandatory elements: the subject and object of cost management of the enterprise; managerial-functional and economic-functional subsystem of enterprise cost management; organizational and economic mechanism; external and internal environment of the enterprise, and feedback information. The practical necessity of classification of costs in order to specify the object of management, according to organizational-managerial, financial-economic and accounting-analytical criteria respectively, is proved. Methods of enterprise cost management are systematized and their non-universality in practical application is noted. The management measures to reduce the costs of enterprise depending on the complexity of their implementation are presented. The article substantiates the effect of introduction of cost management system in enterprise activity as follows: improving the efficiency of cost management on the basis of timely assessment of changes in the cost of production; control of the level of costs in accordance with the norms of consumption by responsibility centers; obtaining reliable, relevant and economically feasible information on cost reduction reserves; correlation and assessment of the impact of costs on indicators of the financial condition of the enterprise and the profitability of its activities as a whole. The authors see further scientific research directions in substantiating the features of the practical application of the enterprise cost management system depending on the industry affiliation and the structure of production of the enterprise, taking into account the ISO 9001 standards.

Role of the Higher Economic Education for the Development of Economic Activity in Varna

The article examines the role of the higher economic education in the Higher School of Commerce, which was founded by entrepreneurs and whose successor is the University of Economics - Varna, for the training of highly qualified personnel for the economy and for the development of economic activity in the region. The Higher School of Commerce was opened by Order No. 7177 of 28 September 1920 of the Minister of Commerce, but even before the opening of the first Bulgarian universities, Bulgarians began to seek to acquire knowledge for the needs of the developing commercial activity during the Renaissance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between higher economic education and entrepreneurship - at the time of the establishment of the Higher school and our modern times - in the light of a historical overview. The practical necessity of analyzing the tendencies and challenges for the future development of the university stems from its contribution to the training and professional realization of studenteconomists. In conclusion and as a result of the research, conclusions and summaries are made regarding the role of the higher economic education for the economic development of the Varna region.

Injectable adhesive carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels with self-mending and antimicrobial features for the potential management of periodontal diseases.

Treating periodontal diseases is a great challenge owing to the motion and wet conditions, bacterial infection, and tissue defects. Therefore, designing bioactive materials with outstanding wet-tissue adhesion, antimicrobial features, as well as favorable cell responses, is highly desirable to meet practical necessity. In this work, bio-multifunctional melatonin-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan/polyaldehyde dextran (CPM) hydrogels have been developed through the dynamic Schiff-base reaction. Our results demonstrate that the CPM hydrogels display injectability, structural stability, and high tissue adhesion in the wet and motional state, as well as self-healing features. In addition, the designed hydrogels show great antibacterial properties and excellent biocompatibility. The prepared hydrogels display a slow release of melatonin. Moreover, the in vitro cellular assay indicates that the developed hydrogels containing 10 mg per mL melatonin significantly promote cell migration. Thus, the synthesized bio-multifunctional hydrogels show great promise in the treatment of periodontal disease.

17~18세기 추국청의 혹형(압슬형(壓膝刑), 낙형(烙刑)) 시행 추이

This study deals with the implementation procedure and temporal progress of Apseul-hyung(壓膝刑) and Nak-hyung(烙刑), severe punishments carried out by the Joseon government in the 17th and 18th centuries Apseul-hyung and Nak-hyung were unique punishments that were enforced without legal stipulations in Joseon.BR The severe punishment was a compromise of Joseon’s Confucian ideology and practical necessity. Joseon adopted a confession-centered principle that a sentence should be executed after obtaining a confession from the accused. Severe penalties were used as a means to eliciting confession (in criminal cases). The government reorganized its punishment system to a certain limited extent to prevent side effects.BR The abolition of King Yeongjo’s severe punishment does not signify “the king’s compassionate decision to resolve evil practices at once,” but rather “formalization of the abolition of progressively disappearing practices.” Already in the 17th century, the infliction of Apseul-hyung and Nakhyung had been decreasing. Nevertheless, King Yeongjo was aware of their functional advantages and intended to make use of them in the execution of punishment. King Yeongjosought to establish the image of a Confucian monarch by means of the abolition of severe tortures during his reign, but at the same time utilized them to eliminate opponents that threatened his power.

Designing an object-oriented architecture for the finite element simulation of structural elements

This paper reports the development of an architecture and software implementation of the library of classes for the finite-element analysis of problems in the theory of elasticity with an open-source code. The practical necessity of such systems is due to the fact that in modern equipment there are new types of materials whose structural elements' calculation has certain features. As a result, it is necessary to update the relevant scientific software or even devise a new one. A flexible software architecture is designed to reduce the time and complexity of such updates. Existing implementations of the method of finite elements with open source have been analyzed: it was revealed that there are no systems aimed at the most flexible and user-friendly architecture. The system of abstract classes proposed in the current work corresponds to known SOLID principles of object-oriented design and makes it possible to scale the already developed analysis program for new tasks in an easy and understandable way. To test the quality of the developed system from the point of view of software engineering, the maintainability index and cyclomatic complexity code metrics were used. The values of these metrics for the modules of the PyFEM system core vary in the following ranges: from 1 to 18 for the maintainability index, and from 22 to 100 for cyclomatic complexity. PyFEM testing was performed on the task of determining the stressed-strained state of the turbine rotor blade. Due to the ease of implementation, it was possible to build a set of effective and intuitive classes that make it possible to solve numerically the static and dynamic problems in the theory of elasticity. The developed class library can be used in the development of both universal and specialized software designed to analyze multiphysics problems.

Formation mechanism simulation of high-tech industry’s dominant technology: a niche overlap perspective

ABSTRACT Dominant technology in high-tech industries refers to the technology that can break the stability and balance of the original technology system within a certain period and is widely adopted under the interaction of technological possibility and market choice. It is of theoretical and practical necessity to explore dominant technology’s formation under overlapping niche. Thus, based on niche theory and competitive game theory, we established a competitive game model of dominant technology formation, and dynamically simulated the shape of dominant technology. This paper uses ‘the proportion of user adoption’ to measure dominant technology market share in high-tech industry and maintains that obtaining over 50% confers an obvious competitive advantage. Therefore, we draw three main conclusions: (1) Dominant technology formation in high-tech industry is influenced by R&D input, adopter preferences, adoption returns and the decision-making cost; (2) dominant technology formation under niche overlap can be described as a continuous accumulation and complex dynamic process; and (3) The main goal in the new technology competitive game is to obtain a larger market share, and the interaction in this game, which has two possible results, is complex, dynamic, diverse, and nonlinear.

Multi-view contrastive heterogeneous graph attention network for lncRNA-disease association prediction.

Exploring the potential long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-disease associations (LDAs) plays a critical role for understanding disease etiology and pathogenesis. Given the high cost of biological experiments, developing a computational method is a practical necessity to effectively accelerate experimental screening process of candidate LDAs. However, under the high sparsity of LDA dataset, many computational models hardly exploit enough knowledge to learn comprehensive patterns of node representations. Moreover, although the metapath-based GNN has been recently introduced into LDA prediction, it discards intermediate nodes along the meta-path and results in information loss. This paper presents a new multi-view contrastive heterogeneous graph attention network (GAT) for lncRNA-disease association prediction, MCHNLDA for brevity. Specifically, MCHNLDA firstly leverages rich biological data sources of lncRNA, gene and disease to construct two-view graphs, feature structural graph of feature schema view and lncRNA-gene-disease heterogeneous graph of network topology view. Then, we design a cross-contrastive learning task to collaboratively guide graph embeddings of the two views without relying on any labels. In this way, we can pull closer the nodes of similar features and network topology, and push other nodes away. Furthermore, we propose a heterogeneous contextual GAT, where long short-term memory network is incorporated into attention mechanism to effectively capture sequential structure information along the meta-path. Extensive experimental comparisons against several state-of-the-art methods show the effectiveness of proposed framework.The code and data of proposed framework is freely available athttps://github.com/zhaoxs686/MCHNLDA.

Popular Complementary and Alternative Therapy Methods in Different Conditions

Complementary and alternative therapies (CAM) are methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases based on various cultural beliefs and experiences that are not currently considered part of modern medicine. In recent years, the integration of CAM applications into healthcare systems all over the world has led to an increase in their use and frequency, and it has also increased the necessity and expectation of evidence-based practices. In this review, it was aimed to examine the alternative treatment methods that are frequently used in different conditions, their mechanisms of action, and their application within the framework of scientific evidence. For this purpose, popularly used complementary and alternative therapies for musculoskeletal conditions (dry needling, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, dry cupping), neurological conditions (acupuncture, reflexology), and other conditions such as cancer and metabolic diseases (yoga) were examined.

GENERAL RULES FOR SAFE WORK WITH BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

Problem statement. The work was carried out on the identification and distribution by groups of various types of emergency situations that are possible in laboratories when performing procedures with various biological agents. The need to observe clearly regulated rules for safe work with various biological objects in laboratory institutions is proved. The purpose of the article. Determine the rules for safe work with various biological agents in laboratory conditions of different security levels. Method. Analytical methods, generalizing approaches to information presented in regulatory documents, literary and other information sources. Results. Existing and previously developed rules for safe work and techniques for appropriate laboratory work with biological objects are studied. The main signs of work risks according to the international classification of microorganisms are investigated. The characteristics of each hazard group are studied and examples of microbial species assigned to a particular risk group are given. The classification characteristics for four types of microbiological laboratories according to a number of features are given. It was established that the level of laboratories’ biological safety depends on the risk group of microorganisms. It is recognized that compliance with the rules of safe work with various biological agents in laboratory conditions is ensured by the use of necessary and mandatory equipment for a certain level of the laboratory. It is argued that the possibility of implementing biological safety rules in laboratories of different levels is based on the assessment of biological risks in certain conditions of a given laboratory institution. A step-by-step procedure for assessing biological risks in a certain laboratory has been developed, which is also presented in the form of a block diagram. Scientific novelty. Scientific and normative information on the rules of safe work with biological agents in laboratory conditions is analyzed and summarized. A defined sequence of actions for biological risk assessment in certain laboratory settings is proposed. Practical value. The practical possibility and necessity of managing biological risks in laboratory conditions of different biological safety levels is substantiated.

A Rare Configuration origin of the Superior Thyroid, Lingual and Facial Arteries in a Pentafurcated Common Carotid Artery

Detailed knowledge about the normal anatomy and its variations is a necessity in good clinical and surgical practice. The case we are reporting here shows a rare configuration origin of the superior thyroid, lingual and facial arteries arising directly from a pentafurcated common carotid artery. A fresh frozen latex-infiltrated cadaver was dissected. The superior thyroid artery, the lingual artery and the facial artery were found to be directly detached from the common carotid artery as terminations of the five terminal rami variations. The current classifications of anatomical variants are discussed in detail in relation to this case.

Analyzing social wrongs

Analyzing social wrongs

Learning from the implementation of clinical empathy training: an explorative qualitative study in search of the barriers and facilitators

BackgroundAmid concerns about the decline of empathy during the clinical training of medical clerks, evidence that empathy improves patient outcomes suggests some potential for teaching empathy in ways that will affect the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of medical clerks. This potential alone cannot, however, guarantee the success of educational innovations to introduce empathy to the medical curriculum. This research aims to identify the barriers and facilitators of the implementation of a specific clinical initiative to enhance the empathy skills of clerks, namely the training of clerks to act as a ‘MedGezel’ or ‘medical coach’.MethodWe conducted an explorative qualitative study based on interview data collected and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and the readiness for change theory. We conducted semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders in this particular qualitative study. Thematic analysis was based on open and axial coding using ATLAS.ti 9, which facilitated the emergence of common themes of interest and meaning for the study.ResultsA total of 13 relevant stakeholders participated as interviewees in our study. The data was collected from April to June 2021. Our analysis generated 6 main themes which can provide insights into why the implementation of the MedGezel educational innovation failed so far. The following themes emerged: the case for change: why change?; practical necessity; leadership; management and resources; staff culture; and alignment with the corporate strategy.DiscussionThe implementation failure can be partially explained as resulting from the personal attitudes and choices of participants, who struggled to reconcile a vision that they liked with side effects that they feared. While participants repeatedly mentioned management and leadership issues, these organizational issues seemed less important as they could be easily resolved in practice. What was more important and fatal for the initiative was its lack of alignment with staff culture, despite its alignment with corporate strategy.ConclusionThis investigation into the barriers and facilitators influencing the implementation of the MedGezel program identified 6 explanatory themes, the most impactful one being staff culture.