Practical Necessity Research Articles

Health literacy, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics in coronary artery patients

Objective: To investigate health literacy, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics in coronary artery patients. Methods: Between March 2019 and 2020 years, 275 coronary artery patients aged ≥50 years were included in the study. Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. Results: General health literacy index score was 31.7 and the prevalence of limited health literacy was 59.3%. Adequate health literacy was 2.8 fold higher in the 50-64 age group, 3.1 fold higher among men, 3.4 fold higher among married and 5.3 fold higher among those who believed in the necessity of individual protective practices (P<0.05). Significant differences were also found in different working status, living places, perceived economic situation, perceived general health status, comorbidities, family history of coronary artery disease, angiography history, material skills on reading and understanding, level of depressive syptom, commitment to individual protective practices health check-ups, utilizing health services, cigarette and alcohol use, and exercise and nutrition between limited and adequate health literacy (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that adequate health literacy was significantly higher among younger patients (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.46-5.62), male gender (OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.46-6.58), married (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.39-8.44) and those with belief in individual protective practices (OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 1.93-14.96). Conclusions: Health literacy is poor among coronary artery patients and behavioral and psychosocial variables differ with health literacy levels. To keep cardiovascular health among these patients, health literacy-based interventions should be adopted in coronary artery clinics, especially for risky population.

Evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for management of overweight and obesity in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative.

Evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for management of overweight and obesity in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative.

Overview of Approaches for Compensating Inherent Metamaterials Losses

Metamaterials are synthetic composite structures with extraordinary electromagnetic properties not readily accessible in ordinary materials. These media attracted massive attention due to their exotic characteristics. However, several issues have been encountered, such as the narrow bandwidth and inherent losses that restrict the spectrum and the variety of their applications. The losses have become the principal limiting factor when employing metamaterials in real-world applications. Consequently, overcoming them is crucially important and of practical necessity. This paper discusses the practical applications of metamaterials in constructing functional devices and the effects of the losses on such devices. In more depth, it reviews the available approaches for reducing the metamaterial losses developed over the last two decades in the light of available literature. These approaches include the utilization of the principles of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), geometric tailoring of the metamaterial structures, and embedding gain materials. Further, computational optimization techniques, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA), are also discussed to design low-loss metamaterials. The EIT-like metamaterial and the including of gain materials are systematic and universal approaches exhibiting low loss approaching zero. In contrast, the other two are not systematic and universal approaches.

Система права

The article examines the system of Russian law and the grounds for singling out its elements. It gives the notion of the system, the main requirements that are imposed on it: there must be identity between the genus (system) and the sum of its species (branches, institutions), i.e. all elements of the system of law must exclude each other (disjunctivity principle); to divide the system into elements there must be one basis. In the article, the division of the system of law into elements is based on the subjective composition. The article argues that the division of Russian law into branches cannot be based on such grounds as subject matter and method. In the existing interpretations of the distinction between branches and institutions of Russian law, the approach is not systemic, but rather conglomerative. The practical necessity of differentiating law into branches and institutions is emphasised, and the history of their differentiation is examined. There should always be continuity in theory and practice. In this sense, it is impossible to ignore the fact that the law has been developed by a number of theories in the history of science. In this sense, one cannot but see that the distinction between branches by subject and method has been adopted by Russia in the organization of legal education: in the development of curricula, in the construction of individual courses and even in the structure of law schools, faculties and special courses. It is possible, and apparently necessary, to criticise the system of law proposed in its time by A.Ya. Vyshinsky, but it is hardly justified to "break" and "reconstruct" it, as has been done in the last decade. The bachelor's programme, the master's programme and the replacement of legal education with the provision of a service, all the more so as a paid service, have led to very sad results in the formation of the social status and legal consciousness of future lawyers. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

The relationship of language and speech as a subject of pedagogical linguistics

Pedagogical linguistics is considered as a direction of modern Russian studies, in which a special aspect of systematic language learning is implemented, taking into account the specifics of the teaching function. The allocation of this aspect is due to the different tasks of the educational and scientific description of the language. The subject of pedagogical linguistics is the interaction of a teacher and a student in the process of mastering the theoretical and practical foundations of lan-guage as an object of reality. The theoretical justification of the opposition of language and speech is presented, the main differences between them are considered. The school material of Russian phonetics is analyzed from the point of view of the implementation of this opposition. His analysis shows the insufficiency and inconsistency of taking into account the relationship of language and speech as interrelated, but not identical phenomena in the school study of phonetics. The conceptual and practical necessity of including the concept of phoneme as a linguistic unit in its relation to the background (sound) in the school textbook is substantiated as a speech unit. The language and speech aspects, being not identical, assume each other, revealing unity: the speech aspect allows you to see the language in its functional form, which is represented in communication (human speech activity). It is proved that a consistent and systematic theoretical presentation of the material on the relationship of language and speech in relation to phoneme and sound allows us to comprehend more fully and consistently the practice of transcribing and phonetic parsing of a word.

Dynamic effective permeability of a laminated structure with cross flow in the transient flow process and its application to reservoir simulation

The effective permeability of a laminated structure is an important parameter related to the practical necessity of coarsening of grid blocks in large scale reservoir simulations. Traditional effective permeability derived under steady state flow conditions can cause great errors in the transient flow process due to the great heterogeneity and anisotropy of laminated formations. To handle this error, the unsteady oil flow in the matrix between hydraulic fractures of a laminated system during an oil depletion process is analyzed in this study. Based on material balance, we present an analytical method for calculating the dynamic effective permeability of the laminated structure considering the cross flow between laminae in the transient flow process. The proposed dynamic effective permeability can be used to conduct coarsening of grid blocks and can be incorporated into numerical models for accurate modeling of transient flow in a laminated structure in the reservoir simulation. It is shown that the simulation results using the proposed effective permeability model match well with those from two-dimensional (2D) simulations. Further, the effects of the horizontal permeability, vertical permeability, thickness of the laminae, and the length of the matrix between fractures are studied.

Trade off između jednostavnosti i preciznosti indeksnih modela

In the basis of contemporary portfolio theory is Markowitz model of portfolio analysis which accurately defines a set of efficient portfolios for a relatively small number of securities in its composition. With the increase in the number of securities in the portfolio, the application of the Markowitz's model becomes complex, so financial theory found the solution of the problem in the single-index Sharpe's model. The later emergence of multi-index models, which better reflect reality, increased precision in determining a set of efficient portfolios, but at the cost of greater complexity of the model. The aim of the research is to analyze a kind of substitution between the simplicity and precision of the model, and to search answer to the question of what is the optimal number of explanatory factors of the model. Using qualitative economic analysis method, it was concluded that the number of factors (indexes) in the model should be increased until marginal benefits in the form of increased precision are equalized with marginal costs in the form of increased complexity, reduced applicability and associated costs of obtaining informations. In striving for greater precision of models, financial analysts must not overlook that the index models emerged from the practical necessity of simplifying the original Markowitz's model.

Теоретичні та практичні проблеми визнання недійсним правочину, вчиненого дієздатною особою, яка в момент його вчинення не усвідомлювала значення своїх дій та (або) не могла керувати ними

The article is devoted to the research of the theoretical and practical problems of a transaction made by a physical person with the legal capacity to act, who did not realize the significance of his/her actions and (or) could not control them at the time of making a transaction. The conclusion about topicality and practical necessity to researching this issue due to the significant prevalence of transactions that do not correspond to the internal will of the person on this basis is made. The existence of certain collisions between the general and special norms that regulate the legal nature of these transactions has been stated. At the same time, the problem of determining the categories of persons who have the right to apply to a court with a claim on the invalidation of the transaction provided for in Article 225 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is raised in the research. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the qualification of such a transaction is an important feature of the presence of such a temporary state of the person, which makes it completely impossible to realize the objective reality and significance of their actions. Also in this scientific research other features of the considered transaction are given. At the same time, it is stated that it is difficult to prove the fact of being a person in a temporary state when he/she doesn’t realize completely the significance of their actions and (or) could not control them. This scientific research also characterizes the subject of proving in cases of invalidation of a transaction made by a physical person with the legal capacity to act, who did not realize the significance of his/her actions and (or) could not control them at the time of making a transaction. The proper list of circumstances which are subjecting to proof in these cases is formulated. The analysis of judicial practice in cases is done separately on of invalidation of transactions made by a physical person with the legal capacity to act, who did not realize the significance of his/her actions and (or) could not control them at the time of making a transaction.

IMAGE OF THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA AMONG DIFFERENT GENERATIONS: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS

The image of the country, along with the images of the people, the nation, is one of the most important elements of formation and functioning of civic identity, playing the role of an identification referent with which the thoughts and feelings, attitudes and life aspirations of citizens are compared. This is a complex social construct, influenced by many different forces - political, social and cultural in nature, the analysis of its content is necessary both from scientific considerations and practical necessity, including related to the assessment of the effectiveness of social institutions responsible for the formation of national identity, citizenship, patriotism. The article is based on the results of the analysis of scientific literature and psychosematic experiments conducted in four regions of Russia (Altai and Khabarovsk regions, Kaliningrad and Voronezh regions) aimed at the reconstruction and description of five images of Russia - "imperial Russia", "Soviet Russia", "Russia of the present" , "Russia in the future" and "ideal Russia". The authors reveal the basic characteristics inherent in each image and explore the grounds for their differentiation. A separate direction of the analysis was the identification of intergenerational differences in the perception of images, which, as the authors conclude, were not insurmountable, but reflect expectations and preferences in landmarks and development priorities.

THE CRIMINAL LEGAL REGIME OF THE PREPARATORY ACTS

This article deals with the particular aspects of the first phase of the external period of the intentional criminal activity, the phase of preparatory acts, essentially problematic, regarding the criminal legal regime and in particular their criminalization and sanctioning.
 In committing crimes, use of the preparatory acts had and has, not infrequently, a high frequency.
 Criminal law theorists have called "iter criminis" the criminal activity of a person, which, like any human activity has a development in time and space. During the course of the criminal activity, several phases can be distinguished.
 It is true that the legislator criminalizes and punishes acts that have produced a dangerous consequence, but it is no less negligible to take into account some stages that occur during the course of the crime and which, although they do not lead to dangerous consequences, are dangerous because they can they contribute either to the preparation of the commission of the crime, or they can present themselves even in the form of carrying out the criminal activity, which independently of the offender's will, or due to his intervention not to produce in the end the dangerous consequence.
 A form of committing the crime is represented by its preparation by externalizing acts, activities that ultimately contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for obtaining the dangerous consequence accepted by the offender.
 In this context, compared to the special implications that the preparatory acts have not infrequently had in the commission of criminal acts, the clarification of their problem represents both a doctrinal contribution and a practical necessity.

You Are What You Eat: Affirming Podcast and Subjective Wellbeing among African American Women

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate whether intentional exposure to affirming messages via podcast would lead to improvement in subjective wellbeing in a sample of African American women. This two-part study used a mixed-methods design to measure subjective wellbeing using the Multicultural Quality of Life Index and a series of focus groups. During Phase 1, participants rated and discussed culturally relevant affirmations that informed the development of the podcast intervention used in Phase 2. The results revealed that stressors such as microaggressions, mental distress, and competing demands justified the need for support. Participants indicated that the podcast intervention was an enriching experience that illuminated the necessity of restorative practices that heal and revitalize the spirit. The intervention led to positive behavior change; and these results demonstrated the podcast benefits, suggesting that intentional exposure to positive messages may help some African American women cope with life stressors.

MOTIVATION PECULIARITIES OF DENTISTS' CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

One of the main tasks of modern higher education is to train specialists with a high level of competence who can constantly work on themselves.
 The relevance of the research topic is due to the need for continuous professional development of future dentists and the motivation of their training, and the development of an active life position in modern society.
 The purpose of our work is to study aspiration peculiarities of IFNMU students and interns to the successful and versatile improvement of personality.
 The personal qualities of the doctor provide comfortable psychological contact with the patient and maintain professional activities dedication. Communicative competence is the subject of special research in the field of future doctors' training. Professional communication is considered to be one of the components of the general culture of relations and contributes to the successful career of a specialist in any sphere of activity, especially the medical one.
 The problem of forming and maintaining educational interest to master the future specialty of students and interns continues to exist. Motivational components and factors that affect the professional and personal development of the future doctor increase with each year of study, and this process should not stop for life. It’s effectiveness depends on the forms of the material presentation.
 The presence or absence of positive motives in students and interns have a significant impact on educational activities. Insufficient motivation cannot contribute to the formation of their high professional realization. Therefore, a genuine and persistent desire to acquire knowledge and skills should be the starting point in the formation of a highly qualified healthcare professional.
 The main factor influencing the interest in the education of students and interns is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities, which will form the foundation of professional activity in the future. The following factors contribute to increase the motivation of learning: the method of learning the material, its content, teaching methods; usage of problem tasks at each stage of the class; application of interactive technologies.
 Our analysis showed that gaining knowledge among students and interns is dominated by professional motives: to become a highly qualified dentist and to find a job that meets personal desires in the occupation of their choice.
 Thus, learning is more effective when it is motivated, and the activities of students coincide in direction and purpose. As a result, the graduate's professional training becomes successful.
 The effectiveness of the educational process depends on the variety of forms and methods of presenting scientific and practical material. The directions of increasing motivation are as follows: constant improvement and updating of material, the use of interdisciplinary links to understand the importance and practical necessity of each subject in a higher educational establishment, the use of multimedia presentations during practical and lecture classes, work in simulation centers, implementation in the educational process of situational tasks "patient-doctor and doctor-patient" with further discussion and recognition of the flaws of each participants' work.
 The usage of the latest information technologies and simulation centers helps not only to memorize a large amount of theoretical material but also to obtain practical and communication skills which are necessary for a modern doctor.

Zerschlagen des Scheins der Naturwüchsigkeit

Abstract Natural history is a key concept in Adorno’s philosophy of history. In the second model of Negative Dialectics, he develops this concept following Marx’s critique of political economy, which, as a critique of ideology, criticises the appearance of natural necessity of social practices and relations. Starting from an irritation concerning a note by Adorno in which he reproaches Marx for “language mannerisms” and conceptual inability, this article argues that Adorno’s critique is based on a one-sided reading, preventing him from adequately considering the critical-emancipatory potential of the concept of natural history. This potential is not independent of linguistic and aesthetic mediation. Rather, Marx uses metaphors, caricatures, etc. in his depiction of social practices as natural history, enabling him to convey more than theoretical knowledge. His critical theory is emancipatory precisely in that it compels agents to self-criticism, which is a necessary condition for sustainably shattering the appearance of natural necessity.

RE-INTERPRETING THE BODRUM CASTLE UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY MUSEUM: SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION AND EXHIBITION DESIGN STRATEGIES

The Bodrum Castle was built by the Order of Knights of Saint John at the beginning of the 15th century. The Castle, situated within a first-degree archaeological site, is one of the most visited museums in Turkey with its underwater archaeology collection. Throughout the processes of its transformation into a museum, the authentic characteristics of the medieval castle have been overshadowed by the urges and challenges to display and preserve an underwater archaeology collection and by the practical necessities of serving as a museum. An architectural conservation project of the Bodrum Castle was developed between 2014-2016 and restoration implementations have been conducted in three stages since 2018, which were recently completed in the summer of 2021. This study introduces the analyses of problems in the functional and spatial organization of the museum and discusses critical interventions on cultural properties to be used as museum spaces. By re-assessing the Bodrum Castle as a monumental building and as a museum, it presents thematic frameworks, spatial formation strategies and exhibition approach employed in the processes of museum design and implementation.

Assessment of Water Quality from Coastal Lakes for Use in Irrigation

Abstract The assessment of water quality from coastal lakes for irrigation purposes has emerged from the practical necessity of the land improvements companies, in order to determine the irrigation class of water from coastal lakes that could represent the water source for irrigation facilities in the coastal area. These assessments are the support for the hydro-saline dynamics of the soil, so that the intervention in the environment is harmoniously assimilated to it.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES AMONG BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND OTHER DISABILITIES

The concept of corporate social responsibility has been evolving over the years, as many business firms have started to understand its importance. To study the corporate social responsibility practices of business organisations for children with learning difficulties and other disabilities, we collected data from fourteen eminent business organisations and analysed their understanding and necessity of social responsibility practices by business organisations in the present times, with special emphasis on social responsibility practices for children with learning difficulties and other disabilities. Results showed that even though 83.3% of the business organisations have initiated corporate social responsibility practices in the field of education, only 7.14% of the total sample initiated corporate social responsibility practices for children with learning difficulties and other disabilities.

Contemporary Issues of Special Education in Turkey

The first international declaration of inclusive education through the Salamanca Statement (UNESCO, 1994) underlined the importance and necessity of inclusive practices and recommended that all students should benefit from the same educational approaches in the same environment. In addition to that, growth in field applications, published research papers, the number of trained professionals, and general awareness around students with disabilities triggered the improvement of special education services in Turkey during the last three decades. This article displays a brief history of special education, laws and regulations, the path of special education, and introduces contemporary issues in special education in Turkey. Without recognizing the existing situation and contemporary issues of the field of special education, it is not possible to take steps for planning and obtain better outcomes.

Video Films in Nursing and Midwifery Teaching – Statistical Study of Dependence

The paper presents educational videos as an interactive method of teaching nursing and midwifery students. As a part of the methods of online education, educational videos transform the learning content into a practical necessity for the formation ofstudents' professional competencies in the considered medical specialties. Correlation analysis identifies the degree of coherence between the observed features: "training with video films" and "professional competencies formation". Using x2statistics, it is decided whether the relationship between two nominal variables is statistically significant and how the strength of the relationship i.e., the extent of the effect, is valued using the coefficients Phi and Cramer’s V. The statistical processing of the performed didactic experiment proves a "strong" correlation between the studied features.

Knowledge-based performance-driven modeling of antenna structures

The importance of surrogate modeling techniques in the design of modern antenna systems has been continuously growing over the recent years. This phenomenon is a matter of practical necessity rather than simply a fashion. On the one hand, antenna design procedures rely on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. On the other hand, the computational costs incurred by repetitive EM analyses involved in solving common tasks (parameter tuning, uncertainty quantification, multi-criterial design, etc.), are often prohibitive. The replacement of full-wave simulations by fast surrogates may mitigate these issues; as a matter of fact, it is the only viable option for carrying out EM-driven design in many cases. Among available modeling approaches, data-driven surrogates are by far the most popular due to their accessibility and versatility. At the same time, a construction of reliable models is hindered by the curse of dimensionality, high nonlinearity of antenna characteristics, as well as broad ranges of parameters and operating conditions that the model has to cover to ensure its design utility. Recently proposed performance-driven modeling frameworks offer a workaround these issues by restricting the model domain to the parameter space regions that contain high-quality designs (w.r.t. the assumed performance metrics). However, the domain determination requires acquisition of a set of pre-optimized reference designs, which adds to the overall computational cost of the surrogate model setup in a significant manner. This work proposes a novel two-stage knowledge-based approach, where the confined domain is defined without using any reference designs. Instead, a preselected set of random observables is employed to establish an inverse regression model being a basis for domain determination of the final surrogate. Comprehensive numerical validation involving three antenna structures indicates that our methodology offers the computational benefits similar to those of the previous performance-driven methods while considerably reducing the initial setup cost, by a factor of sixty percent on the average, which has been achieved by exploiting the problem-specific knowledge.

Creative thinking strategies in primary education classrooms

The development of creative thinking must be considered as a necessity in pedagogical practice in every educational system. The objective of this article was to present some concepts and strategies that are being developed in the classrooms. The methodology used was the experimental documentary technique. In addition, a search was done for articles of a scientific nature, published in various reliable databases. Concluding that, creative thinking is a capacity that the person must possess in the 21st century. Therefore, every student must develop it to produce innovative ideas that allow them to solve problematic situations.