Power Plants In Turkey Research Articles

Work-Life Conflict, Burnout, and Associated Factors Among Hydroelectric Power Plant Employees: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey.

Power plants are associated with numerous occupational health and safety risk factors, with psychosocial risks being particularly significant. This study examines work-life conflict and burnout among power plant employees and discusses the factors associated with these issues. This cross-sectional study focused on employees at three hydroelectric power plants in Turkey. The inclusion criteria included employees with at least one year of tenure. Using cluster sampling, three plants were selected in Adana, Ankara, and Samsun. The sample size was determined to be 262, and 201 employees participated, yielding a 76.7% response rate. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, which encompasses the sub-dimensions of a valid and reliable scale: The Work-Life Conflict and Burnout sub-dimensions of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-III (COPSOQ-III) were used to measure the dependent variables. The independent variables included age, education level, total and weekly working hours, perceived health status, and department. The dependent variables were work-life conflict and burnout. Ethical approval was obtained from the Gazi University Ethics Committee. Statistical analysis compared the Pearson chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Yates correction with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The mean age was 40.83 years, with an average tenure of 11.54 years and a weekly work time of 43.51 hours. Most participants (94.5%) were male; technical unit workers comprised 71.6%. Health issues included smoking (39.8%) and chronic diseases (19.9%). Concerns about the working environment include insufficient knowledge about safety (25.4%) and lack of knowledge about risk assessments (32.3%). Many workers reported lacking personal protective equipment (11.4%) and rest areas (15.4%). Negative health impacts from work were noted by 31.8%. In addition, 51.2% believed that noise levels were outside the acceptable range. Two-thirds of employees reported inadequate measures against physical risks in the workplace. Many participants experienced work-life conflict (13.9%) and burnout (14.5%). High work-life conflict was significantly associated with younger age groups, less tenure, and negative perceived health status. Burnout was significantly related to the duration of employment, weekly working hours, and perceived health status. The study highlights the seriousness of burnout and work-life conflict among hydropower plant workers, emphasizing the need for administrative and organizational interventions to alleviate these issues. Regular occupational health and safety training, involvement in risk assessments, fair workload distribution, supportive work environments, and counseling services are recommended to reduce burnout and improve work-life balance.

Prefeasibility analysis of the Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) system in Türkiye: A case study on a hybrid system

Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) power plants aim to exploit the price difference between storing and generating electricity. These power plants operate by pumping water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir, consuming energy, and generating electricity by transferring water from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir. There is no pumped storage power plant in Turkey yet, and it is in the planning stage. This study aims to provide a preliminary feasibility analysis of this investment from an economic and technical point of view and to contribute to this issue through the recently announced feed-in tariff for PHS. The planned PHS at Gökçekaya Dam was considered a proposal in this study and was carried out using a developed algorithm. The algorithm determines the optimal installed capacity of hybrid energy. This feasibility analysis is based on two scenarios. The difference between the first and second scenarios is due to the investment cost of the PHS system. Additionally, the second scenario considers an integrated hybrid Solar Hydroelectric (SHE) system. Each scenario is evaluated in terms of base price, average price, maximum feed-in price, and market peak price. The result of the study is that only the market price represents a remarkable payback period for pumped storage power plants. As a result of the study, it was found that it’s possible to support the pumped storage power plant with a hybrid solar power system and market price if only the storage volume is increased. The feed-in tariff should be set to cover the demand. In the first scenario, only the PHS was evaluated, and after completing the economic analysis, the investment has a payback period of 28.39 years for the market peak price. If the PHS facility is supported by a hybrid solar energy system for internal energy needs, the payback periods can be reduced. In the first scenario, the investment has a payback period of 18.05 years, supported by integrated hybrid solar energy. In the second scenario, the PHS investment has a payback period of 9.63 years for the highest price on the market. The investment has a payback period of 8.66 years, which is supported by the integrated hybrid solar energy. Due to the high self-consumption of energy, integrated hybrid solar energy is suitable for the PHS projects.

More-than-Human Lifeworlds: Ethics, Ontology and Relationality in Local Environmental Struggles

Local environmental conflicts are often framed as “resource conflicts” in the political ecology literature. Based on ethnographic research on local community struggles against run-of-river hydroelectric power plants in Turkey’s East Black Sea Region, this article aims to demonstrate the limitation of the “resource” frame in explaining the grievances of environmentally dispossessed communities and their motivations to fight against it. The article discusses how and why rivers are more than “natural resources” for the rural communities of the region, maintaining non-human entities as integral not only to the umwelt (environment, surroundings), but also to the lebenswelt (lifeworld). It develops a bodycentred, phenomenological perspective demonstrating how non-human entities become an essential part of our experiential and social world through habitual and corporeal encounter and interaction. It maintains the centrality of the more-than-human lifeworld in the constitution of relational ontologies and ethics of coexistence, and in the formation of political agency.

Evaluation and Solution Suggestions for Engineering and Workmanship Failures during Design and Installation of Solar Power Plants

Among the various renewable energy generation systems, the solar photovoltaic occupies a leading position today due to its simple structure. However, increasing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems is a highly researched topic. In this study, possible connection failures in maximum power inverters and other failures, which decrease the efficiency in solar power plants, are examined. Furthermore, the possible consequences of these losses and their effects on the performance of solar power plants are explained. Some missing-failure processes were identified and corrected in the field analysis of the solar power plant in Turkey. Detected missing failures include connection failures of solar inverters, incorrect network configuration of camera system, fixing lighting time settings. The inverter string connection failure made during the projecting and assembly phase was eliminated and the maximum output was determined as 584.25 kW after the DC string arrangement. An increase of approximately 10% was achieved in production. In the project and application phase, the connection details of the inverters should be drawn and given to the field application personnel as a full-fledged project. In this way, incorrect connections that are not shown in the project and made in the field are prevented. This ensures that the installed power plant operates more efficiently, and the budgetary payback period of the investments made is shortened.

Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of the Integration of Solar Tracked or Fixed-Tilt Photovoltaic Power Plants to Open Coal Fields of Thermal Power Plants in Turkey

Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of the Integration of Solar Tracked or Fixed-Tilt Photovoltaic Power Plants to Open Coal Fields of Thermal Power Plants in Turkey

The Psychosocial Effects of Noise Level in Hydroelectric Power Plants on Employees.

This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the psychosocial effects of noise on employees in Hydroelectric Power Plants in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2018, in operating Hydroelectric Power Plants located in the city of Artvin in Turkey with 110 employees. Data were collected by performing noise measurement, blood pressure measurement and using descriptive characteristics form and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The average personal noise of the sample was 72.3±0.8 dB(A). The blood pressure of the employees were within normal limits. There was no significant difference between the noise levels and the sub-dimensions of the scales used. The measured mean noise of the sample was within normal limits as per the regulations regarding the protection of employees from noise. Measured BP means of employees during working and resting hours were within normal limits. DASS-42 subscale scores exhibited no difference depending on the noise level.

The Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in Turkey: Some Causes for Concern

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in Turkey. Its thesis is that its construction marks a turning point in the history, character, dynamics and risk profile of both Turkey and the Greater Middle East. The construction of the Plant reflects a number of emerging phenomena with unmistakable geopolitical implications. These encompass the nuclearization of Turkey, the nuclearization of the Greater Middle East and what appears to be an increasingly intimate Russo-Turkish bilateral relationship at odds with Turkey’s membership of NATO. Against this background, the article pinpoints several causes for concern. Among these is the detachment of Turkey from a string of international conventions that seek to promote nuclear safety or to protect the sea, the wider environment, workers or other people. Other causes for concern include the absence in Turkey of a deep-rooted culture steeped in transparency, press freedom, whistleblowing and other potential facilitators of nuclear safety. The article ends with five sets of recommendations directed towards the Government of Turkey plus the Governments and inhabitants of other states in the Greater Middle East and the EU, two of whose member states, the Republic of Cyprus and Greece, are situated in relatively close proximity to the Plant.

RETRACTED: Techno-economic assessment of coal and torrefied biomass co-combustion: A case study of oxy-combustion carbon capture power plants in Turkey

Carbon capture and storage is one of the most important technologies to reduce CO 2 emissions. Oxy-combustion can be considered as the most energy combustion and cost-efficient CCS technology. In this study, a detailed techno-economic assessment of Turkish domestic coal, biomass and torrefied biomass (biocoal) as a fuel is conducted on 2 × 160 MW CFB units of ÇAN Power plant in Turkey. ASPEN HYSYS was used in this study to simulate oxygen enriched combustion and Oxy-Combustion atmosphere. The economic performance was characterized in terms of Levelised cost of electricity , Cost of CO 2 capture and Cost of CO 2 was avoided. The results showed that oxygen-enriched combustion from the point of view of carbon capture and storage application seems more economical than air combustion . It was found that cost of electricity, cost of CO 2 avoidance and cost of CO 2 capture are 50.5 €/MWh, 55.3 €/tCO 2 and 36.4 €/tCO 2 respectively. When coal is used in oxygen enriched atmosphere the costs are slightly lower than the air combustion. The results obtained in the techno-economic analysis showed that costs of biomass and biocoal oxygen enriched co-combustion case are very close to oxy combustion case. The difference in capture cost is 16% and in avoidance cost is 10%. Because of the difficulty of the Oxy-combustion retrofitting, 30% oxygen enriched co-combustion can be the short term economic retrofitting option for existing power plants. • Aspen Hysys was used in this study to simulate Oxygen-enriched combustion and Oxy-combustion atmosphere. • Techno-economic assessment of fueles was successfully conducted on 2 × 160 MW CFB units of power plant for all cases. • The economic performance was characterized in terms of Levelised cost of electricity, Cost of CO 2 capture and Cost of CO 2 avoided. • Oxygen-enriched combustion from the point of view of CCS application seems more economical than air combustion.

Estimation of Generated Electricity for the Solar Power Plant by Using Polynomial Regression

The estimation of electrical energy that can be supplied from the renewable energy sources becomes a weighty matter regarding to increasing the share of these sources in the electrical energy sector all over the world. The installed power of power plants in Turkey has reached 100334 MW. Depending on the installed power, progress has been made in the electricity transmission and distribution sector over the years. Thus, there exist 21 distribution regions in electricity distribution in Turkey. Some distribution regions have reached 25 MWs in terms of solar installed capacity. While estimating the electrical energy demand for any distribution region, the total electrical energy that can be supplied by the solar power plants (SPP) in that region should be taken into account. In accordance with the legislation in Turkey, the authorized electricity retail sales company in each distribution region has to enter the daily estimation of the electrical energy, to be obtained from SPPs, located in its own region, on the web site of EPIAS (Energy Markets Operation Joint Stock Company). In this study, the estimation of electricity generation of the 990 kW solar power plant belonging to Osmaniye Special Provincial Administration and located in the town of Cevdetiye for the days 24.08.2021 and 25.08.2021 was carried out with the polynomial regression algorithm. Approximately 85% performance metric was got from the polynomial regression algorithm

Solar power plant location selection using integrated fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy MOORA method

Nowadays, global warming is one of the biggest problems of humanity and the main reason is energy production. Therefore, renewable energies such as wind, rain, tides, waves and sunlight are an appropriate way for producing clean energy. In this study, suitable locations for solar power plant are analysed. To do this, data and information acquired from three decision-making groups are implemented to improve an analytical tool that integrates modified fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy MOORA. The weights of criteria and sub-criteria are calculated by the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Decision-making groups select five eligible regions for a solar power plant in Turkey, and the fuzzy MOORA method is used to rank regions. Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed using the fuzzy AHP method and as a result, it was observed whether there was a change in the order of the alternatives.

An integrated environmental risk assessment framework for coal-fired power plants: A fuzzy logic approach.

This study quantifies the environmental risk of a coal-fired thermal power plant during operation by using environmental monitoring data, site surveys, and documented evidence. The following criteria are assessed: emissions (CO, SO2 , NOx , PM10 ), impact on aquatic ecosystem (fish protection at cooling water intake and cooling water discharge temperature), and waste management (fly ash and bottom ash). Fuzzy sets were defined for each criterion, taking environmental regulatory context as an expert judgment. A survey was conducted with multiple stakeholders to determine the relative importance of risk factors. The survey results showed that the most concerned risks are SO2 and NOx emissions. The proposed method estimates the risk of each environmental criterion separately and then accumulates them into an environmental risk index (ERI). Accordingly, we assessed the Catalagzi coal-fired power plant, which has been in operation on the Black Sea coast in northwestern Turkey. For this case study, the ERI resulted in a value of 0.78 (on a scale of 0-1), showing high environmental risk to the facility. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed framework was tested in several existing coal-fired power plants using simultaneous measurements. All studied coal-fired power plants in Turkey have unacceptable pollutants (PM10 , SO2 , and NOx ) concentration levels indicating high health risk potential. The application of the integrated environmental risk assessment framework showed that new environmental regulations are needed in Turkey to specify more strict emission limits and to monitor CO2 , fine particulate matter emissions, cooling water discharge, and fish protection at cooling water intake.

Prediction of Cumulative Installed Power of Geothermal Power Plants in Turkey by Using Artificial Neural Network and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory

Turkey has a great potential for renewable energies. The number of power plants (PP) producing electricity from renewable energy sources and accordingly the installed power has risen over the years. As of the end of December 2021, the cumulative installed power of Turkey reached 99819.6 MW and the share of the total installed power of the PPs generating electricity from renewable energy sources was 53.72%. Although the installed power has increased, the percentage of PPs using renewable energy sources in total electricity generation is not yet at the desired level. However, geothermal energy is being used more and more in electricity generation alongside the other most well-known types of renewable energy. It can be observed that the installed power of geothermal power plants (GPP) in Turkey started to increase gradually after 2007, and as of the end of December 2021, the cumulative installed power reached 1676.2 MW. In this study, with the data for the cumulative installed power of GPPs in Turkey in the 2007-2021 period, the cumulative installed power of GPPs in Turkey for 2022 was predicted by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) methods, and the results were compared and interpreted.

Comprehensive transient analysis on control system in a photovoltaic power plant under lightning strike

Solar power plants are installed in high and open places to receive high solar radiation. However, this leaves them vulnerable to lightning strike. Lightning strike affects power plants in two ways, directly and indirectly. Direct lightning strikes can be prevented by using lightning protection systems. However, under the indirect effect of a lightning strike, the surrounding electronic devices may be damaged due to the induced voltage. In a solar power plant with a lightning protection system in Turkey, it was stated that the bypass diodes failed after a lightning strike. In this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of indirect lightning strike on the PV module. For this reason, different lightning pulse amplitudes were injected into the system and the effects of three parameters on the induced voltage were investigated with an EMT type program. These parameters were the cable lengths, cable cross-sections and the number of PV arrays. Four different panel configurations were performed in the EMT type program. Data was taken from the solar power plant in Turkey was used in fourth configuration. It was concluded that when the lightning strike fell on the air termination bar, bypass diodes in the nearest PV array were affected, and this effect decreased as the array distance increased. However, as the amplitude of the lightning strike increased, arrays in the far-distance were also affected. It has been seen that the results obtained were compatible with the malfunction information received from the solar power plant.

Site selection for radioactive waste disposal facility by GIS based multi criteria decision making

Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility (RWDF) site selection is critical due to its significant impact on ecology and regional environmental health. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) systems have a wide range of uses in applications such as urban and regional planning, land suitability mapping, and site selection. With the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), various MCDM methods have been applied in spatial dimensions. The present study aimed to achieve suitable site selection for the storage of radioactive wastes produced in the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in Turkey using GIS-based MCDM methods. For this purpose, 12 data layers were used to determine the most suitable sites. In the result map produced, suitable areas were determined for RWDF. The results indicate that GIS-based MCDM is an effective evaluation tool in RWDF site selection.

Wind Power Forecasting with Deep Learning Networks: Time-Series Forecasting

Studies have demonstrated that changes in the climate affect wind power forecasting under different weather conditions. Theoretically, accurate prediction of both wind power output and weather changes using statistics-based prediction models is difficult. In practice, traditional machine learning models can perform long-term wind power forecasting with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 10% to 17%, which does not meet the engineering requirements for our renewable energy project. Deep learning networks (DLNs) have been employed to obtain the correlations between meteorological features and power generation using a multilayer neural convolutional architecture with gradient descent algorithms to minimize estimation errors. This has wide applicability to the field of wind power forecasting. Therefore, this study aimed at the long-term (24–72-h ahead) prediction of wind power with an MAPE of less than 10% by using the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) algorithm of DLNs. In our experiment, we performed TCN model pretraining using historical weather data and the power generation outputs of a wind turbine from a Scada wind power plant in Turkey. The experimental results indicated an MAPE of 5.13% for 72-h wind power prediction, which is adequate within the constraints of our project. Finally, we compared the performance of four DLN-based prediction models for power forecasting, namely, the TCN, long short-term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN), and gated recurrence unit (GRU) models. We validated that the TCN outperforms the other three models for wind power prediction in terms of data input volume, stability of error reduction, and forecast accuracy.

Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of a run‐of‐the‐river type hydroelectricity power plant in Turkey

AbstractThe environmental and economic life cycle assessment of a real‐life run‐of‐the‐river type hydroelectricity power plant in Turkey has been performed by considering the following stages: raw material acquisition, construction (including waste management), and transportation. CCaLC2 software and CML2001 methodology were used to calculate six different environmental impacts, whereas the economic impact was chosen as the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Functional unit was 1 MWh of electricity generated. The environmental impacts were found to be on average 95% lower than those of the Turkish grid, and the LCOE was calculated as $58.4/MWh. This outcome is understandable considering the high share of fossil fuels, especially low‐quality lignite, in Turkish electricity grid. The results were compared to those of a similar study conducted abroad and all the impacts were found to have the same order of magnitude, proving that this study is methodologically consistent with the literature. The main conclusion is that hydroelectricity produced by run‐of‐the‐river type plants in Turkey is environmentally friendly and economically viable compared to grid electricity. This is the first study in Turkey on the life cycle impact analysis of hydroelectricity and one of the few studies that consider economic and environmental factors simultaneously.

Nonlinear static analysis of thermal power plant buildings

When steel structure is adopted in the main building of domestic thermal power plant, steel frame-center support structure is often adopted. The main building of a 2×660MW thermal power plant in Turkey is located in a high-intensity area, the earthquake area is Zone 1, and the building site category is Z2. In order to make the structure have better ductility and energy dissipation capacity under rare earthquakes, the structure adopts the form of steel frame-eccentric support structure. Through the nonlinear static analysis of the structure, the performance of the structure under the action of rare earthquakes is studied, which provides reference experience for future engineering design. The analysis results show that the energy dissipating beam has played a good role in dissipating energy under the action of rare earthquakes, effectively protecting the main structure, and the structure has not entered a collapsed state.

Assessment of different hazard indices around coal-fired power plants in Turkey

Assessment of different hazard indices around coal-fired power plants in Turkey

Process Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortars in View of the Mechanical Characteristics.

This study aimed to determine the effects of design parameters, including the liquid/solid ratio (L/S), Na2SiO3/NaOH weight ratio, and curing temperature, on class F fly ash-based geopolymer composites. For this purpose, two disparate sources of fly ash were supplied from Çatalağzı (FA) and İsken Sugözü (FB) Thermal Power Plants in Turkey. Two different L/S ratios of 0.2 and 0.4 were used. The Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios in the alkaline solutions were 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 by weight for each type of geopolymer mixture. Then, 40 different mixes were cured at two specific temperatures (70 °C and 100 °C) for 24 h and then preserved at room temperature until testing. Thereafter, the physical water absorption properties, apparent porosity, and bulk density were examined at 28 days on the hardened mortars. Additionally, compressive and flexural tests were applied to the geopolymers at 7, 28, and 90 days. It was found that the highest compressive strength was 60.1 MPa for the geopolymer manufactured with an L/S of 0.2 and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 2. Moreover, the best thermal curing temperature for obtaining optimal strength characteristics was 100 °C for the FB.

Estimation of wind speed and energy potential by atmospheric model for day-ahead market and wind power plants in Turkey

The requirement for energy has expanded day by day due to excessive consumption, developing technology, and population growth, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Since the investments for promoting renewable energy sources, The Turkish energy sector has been progressing in the way of renewable energy. This inevitable change in the energy sector and variable power generation values in wind energy directly affect the energy markets. Accompanying with the structural transformation of the energy sector, Turkey had launched the Day-Ahead electricity marketing system in December 2011. The price per megawatt-hour is determined on the open market by the supply and demand. Hatay province was selected in this study because of its highest wind potential. Temperature and wind speed values, observed in Hatay Samandağı for October 2019, were determined. The data was configured with The Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The results indicate that the wind speed at high altitudes could reach above 7 meters per second on Turkey’s eastern Mediterranean coast, Hatay. The results were compared with the real-time data, and the error rates were determined. In the selected region, the electrical energy values generated using the model results were calculated the day before.