Power Endurance Research Articles

Components of a strength-training fitness program with children of junior and middle school age

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of the main components of the strength training program with children of primary and secondary school age. The understanding of the fitness program as a systematically organized sequence of activities aimed at promoting the development of fitness has been updated. The author notes that a well-planned fitness program should include both aerobic training to develop cardiorespiratory endurance and strength training to develop strength and power endurance. It is claimed that the main components of a strength-oriented fitness program are cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, power endurance, and flexibility. The author clarified that for the functional development of the human body in fitness programs, the volumes of movement activity and indicators of heart rate should be rationally defined. It is noted that the key factors in building strength training programs are compliance with the principles of specificity, supercompensation, individualization, systematicity, and safety. The author outlined the features of building a fitness program with strength training for children. It was found that the decisive condition for ensuring optimal and effective impact on the body is the correspondence of the amount of loads.

The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Anaerobic Power and Power Endurance Performance.

Mental fatigue has been studied extensively in relation to its impact on aerobic-, strength-, and motor-based tasks, but anaerobic power-based tasks have received limited attention. Interdisciplinary research investigating the underlying mechanisms by which mental fatigue influences physical performance has been called for. In two studies, the effects of mental fatigue on maximal power jump and endurance jump performance as well as kinetics and kinematics during jump performance were examined. Samples of collegiate volleyball players (Study 1; N = 14) and recreationally active students (Study 2; N = 27) completed two 30 min experimental manipulations (high vs. low cognitive control exertion) before performing three maximal power squat jumps followed by 15 repeated countermovement jumps, with measurements of kinetics and kinematics. For Study 1, the maximal power performance was significantly lower under a mentally fatigued condition, but no differences were observed for repeated jump performance, which may have been attributable to alterations in jump mechanics. For Study 2, no between-condition differences were observed for the maximal power performance, although repeated jump performance was significantly lower under a mentally fatigued condition. Collectively, these findings suggest that the impacts of mental fatigue on power-based performance tasks may depend on the task demands as well as the training status of the individual.

Third harmonic generation in monoclinic 2D KNbO3 with high power endurance

Two-dimensional (2D) KNbO3 is prepared by topotactic transition from 2D KNbO2 at 530 °C in air, which has a single spontaneous polarization (Ps) direction along the [101¯]pc zone axis. The strong Ps anisotropy leads to a negligible second harmonic generation of 2D KNbO3 with laser vertically incident on the sample. However, a strong third harmonic generation is observed. The effective third-order susceptibility of 2D KNbO3 with the order of ∼10−19 m2 V−2 is estimated by comparing it with the χeff(3) of graphene. The robust power tolerance of 2D KNbO3 endows it great potential in the application of high-power third harmonic generation 2D devices.

Aerial Acrobatics and Pole Sports as Means of Developing Flexibility and Strength Endurance.

The Relevance of the Research topic lies in the current stage of development of physical education in schools, characterized by the need to update content, constant search for effective methods to develop physical qualities, and the integration of innovations into physical education classes and extracurricular activities. One such innovation is aerial acrobatics and pole sports, which have gained popularity as forms of motor activity influencing students' interest in physical exercise and the development of physical qualities. The Purpose and Methods of the Research were to experimentally assess the impact of a comprehensive physical and technical training program in aerial acrobatics and pole sports on flexibility and power endurance development. The study employed analysis and synthesis of literature, pedagogical experimentation, and methods of mathematical statistics. The Results revealed improvements in flexibility indicators during «Bridge» exercises, changing from 45,07±5,42 cm to 37,13±3,79 cm; «Longitudinal split on the right» from -2,53±2,31 cm to 4,33±1,03 cm; «Left longitudinal split» from -4,7±1,47 cm to 4,47±1,17 cm; and «Lumbar split» from -5,6±1,83 cm to -2,73±1,39 cm. A statistically significant difference was observed at p<0.05. Similar improvements were found in power endurance development, with statistically significant differences between experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) indicators. For instance, during the «Bending and extending the arms in a supine position» exercise, EG indicators improved from 21,93±1,2 times to 33,13±1,14 times, and the time of maintaining body position in the supine position changed from 125,33±11,66 s to 288,0±18,18 s (p<0,05). In Conclusion, it has been established that a comprehensive program of physical and technical training incorporating aerial acrobatics and pole sports, which includes general and specialized exercises along with technical training, is more effective and positively impacts the development of flexibility and strength endurance. This is evidenced by the statistically significant improvement in these physical qualities among the experimental group (EG) girls compared to the control group (CG) across all parameters studied.

Features of the development of speed skills in football players

This article examines the issues of speed training, training speed in football players aimed at increasing running speed and "transferring" this speed to running with the ball. This process of "transferring" speed abilities is more effective when an athlete in normal running emphasizes the frequency of movements, but not the length of running steps, that is, he overcomes training segments with slightly shortened steps, which in their rhythmic structure are similar to steps in running with m' cell. Speed training falls, in fact, on the pubertal phase of the body development of young athletes, when puberty is accompanied by a rapid increase in muscle mass, glycogen reserves, and an increase in the level of secretion of adrenaline and gonadal hormones. At this time, optimal biological prerequisites are created for the development of anaerobic capabilities, maximal strength, power endurance, and speed-power qualities. The volume of loads should increase at the fastest pace in the development of strength endurance, which reaches its maximum values by the end of the stage. Gradually, exercises with maximum efforts, performed in overcoming, yielding and isokinetic modes, are included in the training.
 Speed abilities are very difficult to develop. The possibility of speed increase in locomotor cyclic acts is very limited. In the process of sports training, an increase in the speed of movements is achieved both by influencing the actual speed abilities, and in another way - through the development of strength and speed-strength abilities, speed endurance, improvement of the technique of movements, etc., i.e. improvement of those factors that significantly depend on the manifestation of certain qualities of speed. Numerous studies have shown that the aforementioned types of speed abilities are specific. Direct positive transfer of speed takes place only in movements that have similar semantic and programming aspects, as well as motor composition. The specific features of speed abilities are noted, so they require the use of appropriate training tools and methods for each of their varieties.

Development of power qualities for teenagers with delay of psychical development and the role of the school nurse in their health care

They studied the specifics of the development of strength abilities in boys and girls aged 12–14 with mental retardation compared to students of secondary schools. The lag of adolescents aged 12-14 years with mental retardation was found according to the absolute indicators of wrist (hand dynamometer) and static dynamometry (static dynamometer), dynamic and static strength endurance and speed-strength qualities ("holding on the crossbar", "standing long jumps ", "sitting up from a position lying on the back"), both in girls and boys in almost all age groups, compared to students of secondary schools. The analysis of the research results established: 1. The development of strength abilities of children with mental retardation is heterochronic and multidirectional compared to high school students. At the same time, the relative indicators of the strength of the back muscles of teenagers with mental retardation with a clear lag in the absolute indicators of hand and standing dynamometry did not statistically significantly differ from their peers in senior classes. Small differences in the relative indicators are due to the low physical development of adolescents of the mental retardation, namely, the lack of body weight. 2. Dynamic endurance based on the number of sit-ups of the trunk from the lying position is statistically significantly different between adolescent boys and girls of the experimental and control groups (p<0.05-0.001), with the exception of 14-year-old boys. The studied school-aged children with ALS lag behind the control and in the static power endurance of the muscles of the arms according to the results of standing on the crossbar with bent arms. Moreover, both in boys and in girls this difference is highly probable in all studied age groups (p<0.001). 3. It turned out that the speed and strength qualities of the standing long jump in adolescents with mental retardation are statistically significantly lower, and both in girls and boys in all age groups. 4. The obtained data indicate that this category of schoolchildren should be under the constant supervision of the school nurse.

РАЗРАБОТКА СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО МЯСО-ЯИЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА ДЛЯ ПИТАНИЯ СПОРТСМЕНОВ

The paper is devoted to the research on specialized food product development out of poultry meat and egg with high biological and nutritional value. The product is characterized by high full-value protein content for sportsmen nutrition that must increase their power endurance. That’s why protein quantity must provide more than 21% of energetic value. Two product recipes have been developed enriched with calcium, magnesium, iron and iodine

Use of game tools in martial arts for endurance development

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of research is to test experimentally the effectiveness of the influence of game means on the dynamics of endurance development in 10-year-old boys who attend the sports section of Kyokushinkai karate. Material and Methods. Forty 10-year-old boys engaged in Kyokushinkai karate took part in the research. The children and their parents were informed about all peculiarities of the research and agreed to participate in the experiment. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. Results. Statistically significant changes in results occurred in the studied groups (p<0,001). The improvement of the level of endurance development in 10-year-old boys’ karate athletes in favor of EG is confirmed. The highest statistically significant changes in EG indicators (р<0.001) occurred in tests "Bent arm hang" (14.6%), "Push-ups" (11.8%), "Burpee" (11.8%). The average performance in 300 m run (8.6%) and in kicks "Mawashi geri chudan" with the right (left) foot slightly increased by 9.8% and 8.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the results of the test "Sit-ups in 1 min from the supine position" between EG and CG groups (1.1%, p>0.05). However, both groups showed a sufficiently confident increase in the level of local dynamic power endurance (EG – 11.6%, CG – 10.4% at p<0.001). Conclusions. The level of boys’ endurance at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment corresponds to proper age norms. According to most results, 36% of boys are classified as of average level, 16.5% as above average, 17% as high. The rest of the indicators were distributed between below average and low levels, 12% and 18.5%, respectively. A significant lag was found in terms of general endurance (300 m run test). The dynamics of the obtained data testified to the effectiveness of the developed, tested, and implemented physical education methodology of endurance development in 10-year-old boys’ karate athletes with outdoor games. Because of application of game load (5 games, 3 repetitions with rest intervals of 20 s) there was a statistically significant increase in endurance (р<0.001).

General physical fitness of powerlifters as a basis for effective strength development

The article, based on the analysis and synthesis of data from the source base and practical experience, identifies the main features of the general physical fitness of powerlifting athletes as the basis for effective strength development. The attention is focused on the issues related to the individualization of the training process and the management of the physical condition of athletes, the importance of various forms of manifestation of strength abilities. It is emphasized that the growth of sports achievements i s primarily due to the improvement of the methodology of strength development. It is noted that the level of strength development in powerlifters is one of the most urgent problems of the educational and training process in this sport, and the solution of this problem will significantly increase the effectiveness of sports training in powerlifting.
 The most important physical quality to develop in the process of general physical training of powerlifters is strength. In general, "strength" is defined as the ability to overcome external resistance or to counteract it with the help of muscle effort. The following specific forms of strength are distinguished by the nature of the effort and the mode of muscle function: fast strength, maximum strength, power endurance, and explosive strength.
 Muscular effort in the conditions of the training process of powerlifters can manifest itself in different ways: once or repeatedly, in cyclic or variable work with high or low resistance, at high speed or slowly, in a relaxed or tense state of muscles. An important physical quality that needs to be developed in the process of general physical training of powerlifters is endurance. Endurance is usually equated with the powerlifter's ability to perform muscle work (squats with a barbell, bench press, deadlift) for a long time during competitions without signs of significant fatigue.

Порівняльний аналіз показників загальної фізичної підготовленості кваліфікованих боксерів різних манер ведення поєдинку

Purpose: to carry out a comparative analysis of indicators of the general physical fitness of skilled boxers of different manners of conducting a fight. Material and methods. The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical research; pedagogical testing; methods of mathematical statistics. The research was conducted on the basis of Children and Youth Sports School № 9 (Kharkiv) and Children and Youth Sports School № 2 (Poltava). The research involved 25 skilled boxers aged 17-19 years old, of different manners of conducting a fight. The sportsmen were divided into 3 groups according to the manners of conducting a fight: «game players» (7 boxers), «tempo boxers» (12 boxers), «power players» (6 boxers). Physical abilities of boxers were tested according to the curriculum for children's and youth sports school in boxing. Results: the results of indicators in testing «Running on 1000 m» between «game players» and «power workers» are reliable (t=2,49; p<0,05), between «power workers» and «tempo workers» there is also a statistically significant difference (t=3,16; p<0,01), between indicators of «game players» and «tempo workers» reliability was not observed (t=1,10; p>0,05). In indicators of the test «Running on 100 m» between «game players» and «power players» the statistically significant difference is observed (t=2,22; p<0,05), between «power players» and «tempo players» also the statistically significant difference is observed (t=4,59; p<0,001), between indicators of «game players» and «tempo players» the reliability is not observed (t=1,39; p>0,05). In the test results of the test «Shuttle run 4×9 m» between «players» and «power men» there is a statistically significant difference (t=3,20; p<0,01), in «powermen» and «tempo men» the result was less expressed (t=2,08; p<0,05), between indicators of «players» and «tempo men» reliability was not observed (t=1,08; p>0,05). When performing the test «Hang on bent arms (angle at the elbow 900)» only «power» and «tempo» boxers had reliability (t=3,04; p<0,01), in all other boxers of different manners of conducting a fight reliability of indicators was not observed (p>0,05). In the results of testing «Torso tilt forward from a sitting position» a statistically reliable indicator was observed only between «game players» and «power men» (t=2,35; p<0,05), «power men» and «tempo men» (t=2,22; p<0,05). Conclusions. The conducted research allowed to establish that sportsmen of «power» manner of conducting a fight have more expressed high-speed and power preparation, but do not have significant results in power endurance. Athletes of the «tempo» manner have more pronounced results in high-speed movements and in endurance exercises. Sportsmen of the «game» manner of conducting a fight have the best indicators in all tests as evidenced by the obtained results.

Analysis of Power Output During the Countermovement and Split-Squat Jump Across Loads and High-Volume Repetitions in Elite Athletes

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the rate of peak power (PP) loss during the countermovement jump (CMJ) and split-squat jump (SSJ) across various loads within a set of high repetitions. Eleven collegiate track and field athletes who had several years of resistance training experience and were trained in the two types of jumps completed the study. The participants completed a familiarization session and 2 data collection sessions. The CMJ and SSJ were completed in random order during session 1 and 2 separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Three loads using dumbbells took place in random order with each session including body weight only (BW0), body weight plus 15% (BW15) and body weight plus 30% BW(30) for the SSJ and BW(0), BW(25), and BW(50) for the CMJ. PP was determined using the PUSH 2.0 3D accelerometer worn at the waist, which was connected to an ipad app using Bluetooth. The participants completed 14 repetitions each set with 8 min rest between sets. Repetition 3 demonstrated the highest mean PP (PPmax) within the set. No significant decrease in PP was observed until repetition 6 (3.6% below PPmax) during the SSJ and repetition 8 (5.2% below PPmax) during the CMJ. These data indicate that 5 or less repetitions should be completed during the CMJ and 7 or less for the SSJ when training for PP. Using 10% reduction in PP as an effective level to train for power endurance, we recommend completing a minimum of 12 repetitions during the CMJ and a minimum of 10 repetitions for the SSJ.

Effect of 4-week intermittent hypoxic exercise training for repeated vertical jump performance in untrained males.

To be successful in sports, it is critical to maintain a high level of muscular power throughout a game. Physiological adaptations induced by hypoxic exercise training would provide benefits for fatigue-resisting ability during repeated explosive exercise. The aim of this study was to determine whether a 4-week intermittent hypoxic exercise training program is more effective in improving power endurance during repeated vertical jumps (VJs) when compared with a normoxic counterpart. Eighteen young adult males were divided into two training groups: 1) normoxic training group (NT, FiO<inf>2</inf>: 20.9%, N.=9); and 2) hypoxic training group (HT, FiO<inf>2</inf>: 13.7%, N.=9). For both NT and HT, participants performed three sessions per week for four weeks. Each session consisted of a 60-min exercise session including strength and power training. A repeated VJ (40 reps/set, 2 sets with 5 min rest given between them) was performed before and after the training (pretraining and post-training). The HT group displayed an improvement in repeated VJ performance in a later phase of set 1 following the training (25-30 rep: pretraining 26.49±6.20 vs. post-training 30.55±5.37cm, P=0.0285; 30-35 rep: pretraining 25.08±5.29 vs. post-training 29.56±5.37cm, P=0.0064; 35-40 rep: pretraining 25.05±5.51 vs. post-training 29.28±5.71cm, P=0.0161). In set 2, repeated VJ performance in the later phase was also enhanced in HT following the training (P<0.05 for all). No changes in repeated VJ performance were seen in NT following the training (P>0.05 for all). Also, the HT group showed a trend towards a decrease in Fatigue Index in set 1 (pretraining 23.51±13.27 vs. Post 11.87±12.51%, P=0.1308) and set 2 (pretraining 29.11±13.66 vs. post-training 17.81±17.97%, P=0.1588) following the training. Hypoxic exercise training can be an effective training modality to improve fatigue-resisting ability during repeated explosive exercise.

Physical and sports rehabilitation of women with postural disorder using yoga according to the iyengar method

In connection with the active development of a new direction - physical culture and sports rehabilitation, an urgent issue is the use of physical culture and sports, in particular yoga classes according to the Iyengar method, with the aim of strengthening health, physical development and physical capabilities of the body.&#x0D; The purpose of the study was to substantiate the content of a complex adapted program of yoga classes according to the Iyengar method and to determine its effectiveness for correcting the physical condition of women with postural disorders. The use of yoga classes according to the Iyengar method as a means of physical culture and sports rehabilitation contributed to a statistically significant improvement in the subjective self-esteem of individuals and a reduction in pain. Under the influence of yoga classes as one of the means of physical culture and sports rehabilitation, positive changes in the level of physical condition of women were observed. Thus, persons with a lower than average level decreased by 19.1%; women with an average level increased by 23.8% and visitors with a higher than average level increased by 4.8%. However, women with low and high levels of physical condition were not identified. Statistically significant changes (p&lt;0.05) were established in the indicators of physical fitness of women of the main group, with the exception of agility. A significant improvement is observed in the indicators of flexibility, speed and power endurance.

The Peculiarities of Physical Fitness Test System of the British Armed Forces

The article examines the optimization of Physical Fitness Test System of the British Armed Forces based on the experience of conducting combat operations in military conflicts of the 21st century. Scientific researches, justifications and experience of implementing of modern approaches of the implementation of Physical Fitness Test System of commissioned officers were analysed. This Test System takes into account phased testing of physical fitness levels, suitability and preparedness in different periods of training and combat activity, taking into account the specifics of professional activity, but without an emphasis on gender and age differences.&#x0D; The effective methods of physical fitness testing are used in the British Armed Forces. They are: the verification of educational process and indicators of the effectiveness of the developed programs, the perception and the awareness of training process in order to determine the physical condition of commissioned officers, and make changes in the training process; conducting a medical examination of servicemen with a health problems or limited functional capabilities, with subsequent allocation to medical rehabilitation groups. The purpose of the study was to analyse changes in Physical Fitness Test System of the British Armed Force and to introduce new fitness tests. Conclusions. The analysis of changes in Physical Fitness Test System of the British Armed Forces determined the idea of introducing a list of new standards that are used in the conditions of combat activity. The developed Physical Fitness system in the British Armed Forces is characterized by formation of physical readiness of commissioned officers to acquire capabilities to perform combat tasks as assigned by introducing military-applied tests into the physical training system, which are performed in the conditions of combat and training-combat activities. Also, the Physical Fitness system is characterized by step-by-step implementation of specialized tests at different stages of training, which reveals a comprehensive approach in physical fitness system; the same approaches to the regulatory framework in the test system regardless of gender and age characteristics; increasing the list of physical exercises of explosive strength and power endurance with a simultaneous decrease of aerobic endurance exercises.

Increasing the physical preliminary of children aged 6–7 in figure skating

The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of the use of various methods and means of physical training of young athletes in figure skating. The purpose – of the work is to improve the physical preliminary of children in figure skating. The research used a group of theoretical and empirical methods. Pedagogical observations of 22 training sessions were conducted. Testing was conducted on the basis of the sports club "Ice school" in Lviv, in which 18 figure skaters aged 6–7 years took part. Based on a survey of 14 Ukrainian figure skating specialists, it was established that in the system of integral training of children aged 6–7 years, the most significant are technical (ice – 30.0% and in the hall – 20.0%), physical (24.0%) and choreographic (22.0%) types of training; others – at this stage of sports improvement, do not have a significant impact on the competitive result of beginner figure skaters; classes five times a week lasting up to 45 minutes each will be optimal; all interviewed respondents consider it appropriate to use a special set of auxiliary exercises at this stage of skater training. As a result of intermediate testing, the effectiveness of the proposed method of classes with the inclusion of a special complex of Tabatha exercises in the educational and training process was proven. Timely adjustment of children's physical preliminary, during the duration of this experiment, made it possible to improve the average level of power endurance of figure skaters by 21.8% according to all the studied criteria. The obtained results of the research complement certain provisions of the theory of training of athletes and will contribute to the introduction of new forms and methods of conducting classes with young beginner figure skaters.

Integral testing indicators individual features of various playing roles volleyball players at the specialized basic training stage

Rationale and purpose: Volleyball has a unique feature of combining both tall attackers and small, fast liberos in one team. The purpose of the study was to develop individual programs of the educational and training process of volleyball players at the stage of specialized basic training based on factor models of their readiness.&#x0D; Material and Methods: The women's volleyball team of the Children's League of Ukraine of sports boarding school No. 1 in the city of Kharkiv took part in the study, in the number of 12 players aged 15-16 years. The testing was carried out on 10 tests of physical fitness. From the methods of statistical analysis, the method of descriptive statistics, factor analysis by the method of principal components with the determination of the individual manifestation of each factor in female athletes, and cluster analysis were used.&#x0D; Results: On the basis of the factor analysis, the structure of the preparedness of volleyball players at the stage of specialized basic training was determined, in which four pronounced factors were revealed. The model of the existing or possible belonging of the players to the role according to the determined factor structure is determined: in the forwards of the first tempo, the factors "speed-power readiness" and "power endurance" come to the fore, in the attackers of the second pace - "speed-power readiness" and "speed endurance", in "communication" - "speed endurance" and "special (aerobic-anaerobic) endurance", in libero - "power endurance" and "special (aerobic-anaerobic) endurance". Using this scheme, you can determine the individual potential opportunities of different players to play in different roles.&#x0D; Conclusions: As a result of the cluster analysis, the functions of volleyball players were clarified and the players most similar to each other in terms of their preparation structure were identified, which sometimes causes some difficulties for coaches when working with athletes with implicitly expressed game functions. Individual profiles of players were compiled and individual recommendations for training volleyball players were developed based on the individual values of readiness factors and the results of cluster analysis.

Main components of fitness programs for power training with people of different age and sex

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of the main components of the strength training program with people of different ages and genders. The understanding of the fitness program as a systematically organized sequence of activities aimed at promoting the development of fitness has been updated.&#x0D; The author notes that a well-planned fitness program should include both aerobic training to develop cardiorespiratory endurance and strength training to develop strength and power endurance.&#x0D; It is argued that the main components of a strength training program are cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, power endurance, flexibility and body composition. The author clarified that for the functional development of the human body in fitness programs, the volumes of movement activity and indicators of heart rate should be rationally defined.&#x0D; It is noted that the key factors in building strength training programs are compliance with the principles of specificity, supercompensation, individualization, systematicity, and safety. The author outlined the features of building a fitness program with strength filling for people of mature age and the elderly. It was found out that the crucial condition for ensuring an optimal and effective effect on the body is the correspondence of the amount of loads with the functional capabilities of the body.

Актуалізація контролю загальної фізичної підготовленості спортсменів віком 12-13 років у таеквон-до ІТФ

The purpose of the study was to define the structure of means of general preparedness control for athletes aged 12-13 in taekwon-do ITF. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: the method of theoretical analysis and academic and methodological references data generalization; analysis of document materials; the method of expert polling; methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. The structure and content of Training programs in taekwon-do ITF, WTF and karate WKF, rules of competitions in taekwon-do ITF were studied. Experts (24 coaches) determined priority variants of shuttle running, tests to control speed qualities, endurance, strength endurance of various muscles groups, explosive power, speed and power endurance, flexibility of athletes aged 12-13 in taekwon-do ITF. Results and discussion. The issue of various aspects of preparedness control in the system of multi-year athletes’ improvement has always been topical. Over 70 separate means suggested by specialists in various versions of taekwon-do to control general physical preparedness have been revealed. The issue of parameter actualization for control of general preparedness of athletes aged 12-13 in taekwon-do ITF has emerged. The battery of tests in general physical preparedness of athletes aged 12-13 in taekwon-do ITF included: shuttle running 3x10 m (agility), 30-meter dash speed, 1000-meter run (endurance), chin-up and body lifting from the sitting position (power endurance), padded ball throw upfront and long jump from the spot (explosive power), skip rope jumping for 60 seconds, squats on one leg (30 sec), multiple jumps on one leg for 20 seconds (speed and power endurance), side splits, forward body lean in standing position, and “bridge” (flexibility).The following tests have been used to control coordination qualities: “8-shapes running with direction change” aimed at determination of general coordination; “rotation jumps (left-right)” – space perception; “the difference between forward and backwards jump” – distance perception; “three rotations forward – three rotations backwards” (time forward, time backwards, overall time) – keeping kinematic and dynamic motion characteristics; “Romberg’s test right/left” – statistical balance; dynamic balance and complex instrumental measurement of complex and specific reactions. Conclusion. Based on the research, parameters for control of general physical preparedness of athletes aged 12-13 years in taekwon-do ITF have been specified

Рівень фізичної підготовленості дзюдоїстів 19-21 років різних вагових категорій

Purpose: to reveal the level of physical fitness of judokas of 19-21 years old of different weight categories and to carry out their comparative characteristic. Material and methods. The following research methods were applied: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical testing; methods of mathematical statistics. Pedagogical testing was passed by 30 judoists, which were divided into groups of 10 sportsmen according to weight category: light, middle, heavy. Results: analysis of the data showed that judokas of light weight categories have good results in the tests: «5-fold exercise» - 8,9 seconds and «Throws of the partner over the thigh for 10 seconds» – 9,2 times, thus showing the best manifestation of coordination abilities and speed qualities among all groups of weight categories. Representatives of middle weight categories have the best results in the tests: «Lifting a dummy by gripping the torso from behind while standing on parallel benches» - 20 times and «Throwing a dummy for 3 minutes» - endurance coefficient 0,8. Thus demonstrating the advantage in the manifestation of power endurance and endurance. Representatives of heavy weight categories compared to judokas of other weight categories have worse results in all tests, except for the flexibility test «Wrestling bridge position», showing the best result - 58 cm. Comparative analysis of all weight categories shows that judokas of light and middle weight categories have a significant advantage over judokas of heavy weight categories, except for flexibility indicators, where representatives of heavy weight categories have an advantage (light weight categories - t=4,79; p&lt;0,05; middle weight categories - t=2,26; p&lt;0,05). In speed and power indicators and the manifestation of speed light and middle weight categories do not have reliable differences. Conclusions. Thus, judokas of light weight categories are distinguished by a good manifestation of coordination abilities and speed abilities, sportsmen of middle weight categories have an advantage in the manifestation of power endurance and endurance, representatives of heavy weight categories have good indicators in the manifestation of flexibility and good indicators of speed abilities, but the manifestation of coordination abilities and endurance is at a weak level. Comparative analysis of physical fitness of light weight categories with middle ones revealed significant differences in the advantage of light weight categories in tests characterizing the manifestation of power endurance, coordination abilities, flexibility. Comparative analysis of physical indicators of middle weight categories with heavy weight categories shows the advantage of middle weight categories over heavy weight sportsmen in the manifestation of power endurance, endurance and speed and power abilities. A comparative analysis of the physical indicators of athletes of light weight categories with heavy ones also revealed statistically significant differences. The greatest difference is observed in the tests of coordination abilities in favor of light weight and flexibility in favor of heavy weight.

Reverse Periodization Model to Increase Anaerobic and Aerobic Capacity

Circuit training is a training method used to efficiently maximize training time while providing more comprehensive, greater, and faster benefits in shaping, developing, and improving the work function of an athlete's body. This study aimed to increase anaerobic and aerobic capacity which includes speed, agility, power, power endurance, and endurance through the circuit training method applied to the Reverse periodization model. The method used in this research is an experiment with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample in this study was a university's Women's Futsal Student Activity Unit with a total of 14 Students. The research instrument was in the form of anaerobic and aerobic ability tests. The results showed a significant effect of the circuit training method on the reverse periodization model on anaerobic and aerobic capacity. To get optimal results, athletes must manipulate a small volume of exercise at the beginning and keep increasing until the end of the meeting. Moreover, the high intensity at the beginning of the meeting was followed by a decrease until the end of the meeting. Indeed, this also should be supported by utilizing the forms of agility and power movements at each post in a structured, measured, orderly manner and interspersed activity.