Development of power qualities for teenagers with delay of psychical development and the role of the school nurse in their health care

Abstract

They studied the specifics of the development of strength abilities in boys and girls aged 12–14 with mental retardation compared to students of secondary schools. The lag of adolescents aged 12-14 years with mental retardation was found according to the absolute indicators of wrist (hand dynamometer) and static dynamometry (static dynamometer), dynamic and static strength endurance and speed-strength qualities ("holding on the crossbar", "standing long jumps ", "sitting up from a position lying on the back"), both in girls and boys in almost all age groups, compared to students of secondary schools. The analysis of the research results established: 1. The development of strength abilities of children with mental retardation is heterochronic and multidirectional compared to high school students. At the same time, the relative indicators of the strength of the back muscles of teenagers with mental retardation with a clear lag in the absolute indicators of hand and standing dynamometry did not statistically significantly differ from their peers in senior classes. Small differences in the relative indicators are due to the low physical development of adolescents of the mental retardation, namely, the lack of body weight. 2. Dynamic endurance based on the number of sit-ups of the trunk from the lying position is statistically significantly different between adolescent boys and girls of the experimental and control groups (p<0.05-0.001), with the exception of 14-year-old boys. The studied school-aged children with ALS lag behind the control and in the static power endurance of the muscles of the arms according to the results of standing on the crossbar with bent arms. Moreover, both in boys and in girls this difference is highly probable in all studied age groups (p<0.001). 3. It turned out that the speed and strength qualities of the standing long jump in adolescents with mental retardation are statistically significantly lower, and both in girls and boys in all age groups. 4. The obtained data indicate that this category of schoolchildren should be under the constant supervision of the school nurse.