Potential Of Ethyl Acetate Extracts Research Articles

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTI-PLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF Jatropha tanjorensis LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST Plasmodium falciparum

The challenge of antimalarial drug resistance necessitates scientific research to validate herbal preparations as cost-effective and accessible alternative therapies with equal or superior efficacy to synthetic drugs. This study evaluates the phytochemical constituents and anti-plasmodial activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. Extracts were obtained through crude and sequential maceration methods, and their phytochemical constituents were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using standard techniques. The P. falciparum-infected blood samples were cultured in vitro, and the susceptibility of the fresh isolates to artemether oil-based injection was evaluated. The isolates with the highest IC50 values for artemether were further assessed for in vitro susceptibility to the crude extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves. The results indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, proteins, and amino acids in the crude leaf extracts of J. tanjorensis. Among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest total phytochemical content, particularly in tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The P. falciparum isolates showed susceptibility to artemether, with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 to 0.77 µmol/L. The ethyl acetate extract also demonstrated significant anti-plasmodial activity against the isolates, with IC50 values of 4.77 µg/ml and 4.98 µg/ml at the early and late trophozoite stages of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic cycle respectively. These findings highlight the potential of ethyl acetate extract of J. tanjorensis leaf as a natural antimalarial agent, necessitating additional research into its therapeutic potential.

Potency of Kitolod (Isotoma longiflora L presl.) fruit ethyl acetate extract as antioxidant, α amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor for anti-diabetic prevention

This research was carried out to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic potential of ethyl acetate extract of kitolod fruit (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl). The design of this research was carried out descriptively. To obtain bioactive compound components, the Kitolod fruits were dried at a temperature of 50°C and then ground into powder until they passed through an 80 mesh sieve. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method at 30°C for 48 hours with an ethyl acetate solvent. Ethyl acetate extracts had been fractioned with n-Hexan and identified through LC-MS examination. The dominant chemical composition of ethyl acetate extract was sesquiterpene (66.74%), followed by flavonoids (18.11%). Antioxidant potential was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of α-amylase and αglucosidase enzyme activity. Ethyl acetate extract showed moderate levels of antioxidant activity. The inhibitory activity of α-amylase enzyme is lower than quercetin as a positive standard, but the inhibitory activity of αglucosidase enzyme is extreme with an IC50 value of 47.33 ±1.40 μgmL-1. These results suggest that ethyl acetate extracts from the fruit have the potential for antidiabetic-based natural products and antioxidant agents.

Anti-Staphylococcal, Anti-Candida, and Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Soil Fungal Metabolites: A Study Supported by Phenolic Characterization and Molecular Docking Analysis.

Staphylococcus and Candida are recognized as causative agents in numerous diseases, and the rise of multidrug-resistant strains emphasizes the need to explore natural sources, such as fungi, for effective antimicrobial agents. This study aims to assess the in vitro anti-staphylococcal and anti-candidal potential of ethyl acetate extracts from various soil-derived fungal isolates. The investigation includes isolating and identifying fungal strains as well as determining their antioxidative activities, characterizing their phenolic substances through HPLC analysis, and conducting in silico molecular docking assessments of the phenolics' binding affinities to the target proteins, Staphylococcus aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and Candida albicans secreted aspartic protease 2. Out of nine fungal species tested, two highly potent isolates were identified through ITS ribosomal gene sequencing: Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15447 and A. nidulans AUMC 15444. Results indicated that A. terreus AUMC 15447 and A. nidulans AUMC 15444 extracts effectively inhibited S. aureus (concentration range: 25-0.39 mg/mL), with the A. nidulans AUMC 15444 extract demonstrating significant suppression of Candida spp. (concentration range: 3.125-0.39 mg/mL). The A. terreus AUMC 15447 extract exhibited an IC50 of 0.47 mg/mL toward DPPH radical-scavenging activity. HPLC analysis of the fungal extracts, employing 18 standards, revealed varying degrees of detected phenolics in terms of their presence and quantities. Docking investigations highlighted rutin as a potent inhibitor, showing high affinity (-16.43 kcal/mol and -12.35 kcal/mol) for S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and C. albicans secreted aspartic protease 2, respectively. The findings suggest that fungal metabolites, particularly phenolics, hold significant promise for the development of safe medications to combat pathogenic infections.

Antioxidant and anticancer potential of ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower of Tecoma stans (Linn) and In Silico studies on phytoligands against Bcl 2 and VEGFR2 factors

This study was designed to appraise the antioxidant and anticancer competence of solvent extracts of Tecoma stans (Linn) and analyze the phytoligands interaction against Bcl 2 VEGFR2 through in silico studies. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contains more number of pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals than other solvent extracts. Among the various phytochemicals, flavonoid was found as a predominant component, and UV–Vis- spectrophotometer analysis initially confirmed it. Hence, the column chromatogram was performed to purify the flavonoid, and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed. It revealed that the flavonoid enriched fraction by compared with standard flavonoid molecules. About 84.69% and 80.43% of antioxidant activity were found from ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower at the dosage of 80 μg mL−1 with the IC50 value of 47.24 and 43.40 μg mL−1, respectively. In a dose-dependent mode, the ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower showed cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line MCF 7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) as up to 81.38% and 80.94% of cytotoxicity respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 was found as 208.507 μg mL−1 and 207.38 μg mL−1 for bark and flower extract correspondingly. About 10 medicinal valued flavonoid components were identified from bark (6) and flower (4) ethyl acetate extract through LC-MS analysis. Out of 10 components, the 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (ΔG -8.8) and Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (ΔG -8.3) had the competence to interact with Bcl 2 (B-Cell Lymphoma 2) and VEGFR2 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2) respectively with more energy. Hence, these results confirm that the ethyl acetate extract of bark and flower of T. stans has significant medicinal potential and could be used as antioxidant and anticancer agent after some animal performance study.

Hypolipidemic Potential of Ethyl acetate Extract of Hyphaene thebaica Fruit in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Hyperlipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of Triglycerides, Cholesterol, LDL, and decreased levels of HDL are challenges in the management of Diabetes mellitus which might lead to death. This study aimed to determine the hypolipidemic potential of ethyl acetate extract of Hyphaene thebaica fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The hypolipidemic potential of H. thebaica fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was determined. Rats were divided into six groups. Treatment groups were administered the extract at doses of 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Oral administration of the extract at 400 mg/kg body weight for four weeks significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the levels of total cholesterol (151.7 mg/dl ±2.40), Triglyceride (84.0 mg/dl ±1.15), LDL (75.2 mg/dl ±1.20) and increased HDL (39.3 mg/dl ±1.88) level. However no significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed between the 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight dose. Conclusively, H. thebaica can be used as a medicinal plant due to its protective action against dyslipidemic complications of diabetes mellitus.

IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF CENTAUREA BEHEN LINN

This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of ethyl acetate extracts of Centaurea Behen Linn (C. Behen) on some microorganisms. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella bongori and Escherichia coli), and two fungus (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). The extracts exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms using standard ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and fluconazole (10-30μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in term of millimeter (mm). To analyze the antimicrobial activity, ethyl acetate extract of C. Behen was tested by well diffusion method against six selected strain and which shows significant inhibitory action against all the tested strain. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of root against all microorganisms was concentration dependent but less than standard drug. It is concluded that the antimicrobial activity showed by the plant is due to the presence of phytochemicals. For future studies, phytochemcials responsible for these activities can be isolated and modified for pharmacological purpose.

Evaluation of Protective Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Cocus Nucifera in Gentamycin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Mice

Evaluation of Protective Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Cocus Nucifera in Gentamycin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Mice

Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract from Streptomyces AIA12 and AIA17 isolated from gut of Chanos chanos

Abstract. Kurnianto MA, Kusumaningrum HD, Lioe HN, Chasanah E. 2021. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract from Streptomyces AIA12 and AIA17 isolated from gut of Chanos chanos. Biodiversitas 22: 3196-3206. Streptomyces has been recognized as a promising and productive source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. The phenotypic and genomic characterizations indicated AIA12 and AIA17 are closely related to the S. globisporus ARGB01 and S. misionensis S1-SC15, respectively. Incubation on yeast-malt extract broth for nine days (AIA12) and 11 days (AIA17) proved to be the best growth medium and optimum antibacterial production time for these two strains. Crude-extract of extracellular secondary metabolites, obtained by ethyl acetate extraction, demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa InaCC B52, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Listeria monocytogenes with minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations from 2.5 to 0.31 and 5.0 to 0.31 mg mL-1, respectively. Evaluation of antioxidant showed AIA17 crude-extract had moderate DPPH scavenging and antioxidant activities of 65.122% ± 0.56 and 28.178 ± 0.24 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC g-1), respectively. The identification of compounds through profiling with RP-HPLC showed optimum absorbance at 210 and 214 nm, which showed the presence of peptide groups in the constituent compounds' molecular structure. These findings indicate that Chanos chanos-derived Streptomyces produces valuable bioactive compounds with various promising biological activities.

An endophytic Schizophyllum commune Fr. exhibits in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

The present study aimed at isolation of endophytic basidiomycetous fungi and evaluation of their in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic potential. Preliminary screening for in-vitro activity was carried out using α-glucosidase inhibition assay. An endophytic isolate Sch1 (isolated from Aloe vera), identified to be Schizophyllum commune Fr. on molecular basis, exhibiting more than 90% α-glucosidase inhibitiory activity was selected for further studies. Detailed in-vivo investigations for antidiabetic potential of ethyl acetate extract of S. commune (Sch1), at two different doses, were carried out in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with S. commune extract caused significant decrease in blood glucose level and increase in body weight after 14 days experimental period. It significantly restored renal parameters including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fractional excretion of sodium, and potassium level in diabetic rats. Improvement in lipid profile and level of antioxidant parameters viz. reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and superoxide anion generation was also observed after treatment. Liver enzymes (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase) homeostasis was found to be markedly improved in diabetic rats administered with S. commune extract. The effects were more pronounced at higher concentration and comparable to acarbose which was used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate extract. This is the first report highlighting the therapeutic potential of an endophytic S. commune in the management of diabetes.

Antiproliferative Potential of Ethyl acetate Extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. on DMBA-induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague-dawley Rats

Antiproliferative Potential of Ethyl acetate Extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. on DMBA-induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague-dawley Rats

Inhibitory potential of ethyl acetate extract from mushrooms against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

The present study focused on the nematicidal activities of bio-molecules extracted from mushrooms against M. incognita. The experimental results revealed that the highest hatching inhibition and the juvenile mortality were recorded with the ethyl acetate fraction of cell-free culture (CFC) filtrate of Ganoderma lucidum followed by Lentinus edodes. At 1000 ppm concentration, the bio-active molecules of G. lucidum exhibited the maximum inhibition of egg hatching (92.6%) and juvenile mortality (93.2%) of M. incognita at 72 hours of incubation. GC –MS analysis of G. lucidum revealed the presence of 23 compounds viz. ., Octadecane,3-ethyl-5-(2-ethyl butyl), Decane, Undecane, 3,7-dimethyl-, Dihydroartemisinin, Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethyl-, Heptadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl-, 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-phenol, 1-Propanamine, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-,1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Dibutyl phthalate, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol, Methyl stearate, Cyclohexane, Octadecanoic acid, Deoxyspergualin, Methyl glycocholate, 3TMS derivative, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, TMS derivative, Spirost-8-en-11-one, 3-hydroxy-, 1H-Indene, 1-hexadecyl-2,3-dihydro- and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate. Among these, 2, 4-Di-tert-butyl-phenol, n-Hexadecanoic acid and Dibutyl phthalate might have been responsible for antinemic activity.

HPLC identification of Rutin (3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside) from Costus pictus leaves extract and evaluation of its antioxidant activity

Plants synthesise many secondary metabolites which are of great medicinal value. Costus pictus also known as Insulin plant is considered as valuable medicinal plant in preparation of many commercial pharmaceutical products. The aim of the present study is to identify one such secondary metabolite flavonoid (Rutin) in the leaves of Costus pictus by HPLC method and also to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Ethyl acetate extract of Costus using DPPH and NO scavenging assay. The Extracted materi al was identified as Rutin by comparing with Standard Rutin. Both the samples showed similar retention time of 2.8 minutes. The extract showed maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity with increase in concentration and IC50 of Nitric acid scavenging activity was found to be more for the Extract than the standard ascorbic acid and Rutin. From this study it is concluded that Costus pictus leaves extract can be used as natural food supplement.
 Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 334-339

Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic potential of ethyl acetate extract of Pedalium murex L. on struvite crystal (kidney stone)

Pedalium murex (L.) is a traditional herb, commonly used for the treatment of kidney stone related problems. Struvite stone can swiftly grow and become ‘staghorn calculi’ in kidney and its associated areas, which is the most aching urological disorder. The present study investigated the anti-urolithiasis activities of ethyl acetate extract of P. murex L. (EAEP) against struvite crystal. The antibacterial activity of EAEP examined against several urease producing bacteria. It showed the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (>125). On the other hand, total mass, volume, number, growth rate and dissolution rate of synthesised struvite crystals were observed at different concentrations 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% of EAEP and without EAEP. In which, EAEP addition showed appreciably reduced struvite crystal. Alternatively, MgO (300 mg of EAEP/kg/body weight) induced urolithiasis of Wistar albino rat at the rate of 1 ml for 28 days. Various biochemical parameters in serum, urine and histological analysis of kidney were taken for evaluation. Significant results (p < 0.05) were observed in 1% EAEP (300 mg) treated group than cystone treated group. From the histological study, reduced renal damage and glomerular development were observed. Our experiment, P. murex L. enhances the reducing activity on struvite crystal and prevents the crystal formation both in-vitro and in-vivo. It can be suggesting that P. murex L. and its phyto-components could be used as remedy for the management of kidney stone by dissolving the struvite stone in kidney.

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities screening of symbiotic fungi extract isolated from marine sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis AR-01

Screening of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sponge Haliclona fascigera for Inhibition against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)Dian Handayani, Neny Sandrawaty, Murniati Murniati, Regina Regina

Cola millenii Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy; Modulatory Effect on Serum Indices and Redox Biomarkers

AbstractThe ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Cola millenii were investigated for it secondary metabolites as well as its effect on serum indices and antioxidant status in normal male albino rats. Fresh leaves of C. millenii were air dried, extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated. The extract was analysed for its secondary metabolites using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three concentrates consisting of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the extract were prepared. Groups of five rats were intraperitoneally injected with each of the doses, whilst a fourth group was not injected and served as the normal control. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analysed for hepatic and renal biomarkers as well as cholesterol level. Hepatic tissue was analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). FITR spectroscopy revealed the presence of aliphatic, carboxylic acids, esters and alkenes functional groups. Administration of the extract doses led to the increased serum activities of hepatic and renal biomarkers. About 50 mg/kg bw of the extract had the least cholesterol level compared to the other doses. MDA level was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in rats administered with 50 mg/kg bw of the extract. Except for the lowest dose, little or no significant effect was observed on SOD and CAT activities. These results indicate the medicinal potential of ethyl acetate extract of C. millenii leaves as portrayed by the low cholesterol and MDA levels and increased CAT activity with 50 mg/kg bw being the most active concentration.

Evaluation of Antifungal, Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of a New Marine Streptomyces sp. AIAH-10

To face newly generated diseases, search for new, safe and effective bioactive molecules is highly warranted. The marine microbial flora may be a potential source of such molecules. The present study was designed to isolate marine microorganisms (AIAH-1 to AIAH-29) from the soil of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh by serial dilution method using isolation media. Among them, AIAH-10 was selected for further study due to its promising antibacterial activity (done by streak plate and plug technique method) against a series of pathogenic bacteria. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical analysis, the strain AIAH-10 belongs to Streptomyces sp. Secondary metabolites of the strain was obtained by small scale fermentation process. Antifungal activity of the extracts was performed by disc diffusion method. The crude ethyl acetate extract (50µg/disc) showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharromyces cerevaceae (14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition respectively). No hemolytic activity was found of the extracts towards the human erythrocytes. During cytotoxic study against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina), a dose dependent mortality rate was observed. A 100% larva mortality rate was recorded in 40µg/ml and more where as LC50 was found to be 6.61µg/ml.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 37-43, 2016

Aphidicidal Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Pleurotus ostreatus

Aphidicidal Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Pleurotus ostreatus

Annona muricata leaves accelerate wound healing in rats via involvement of Hsp70 and antioxidant defence

IntroductionAnnona muricata, a member of the Annonaceae family, is commonly known as soursop and graviola. The leaves of this tropical fruit tree are widely used in folk medicine against skin diseases and abscesses, however there is no scientific evidence justifying the use of A. muricata leaves. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the wound healing potential of ethyl acetate extract of A. muricata leaves (EEAM) towards excisional wound models in rats. MethodsSprague Dawley rats (24) were randomly divided into four groups, viz. (A) vehicle control, (B) low dose of EEAM (5% w/w), (C) high dose of EEAM (10% w/w) and (D) positive control with excisional wound created on the neck area. Wounds were topically dressed twice a day for 15 days. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed and then processed for immunohistochemical and histological evaluations, including Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson Trichrome stainings. The activity of antioxidants, namely catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in wound tissue homogenate. ResultsMacroscopic and microscopic analysis of wounds demonstrated a significant wound healing activity shown by EEAM at two doses. Treatment of wounds with ointment containing EEAM caused significant surge in antioxidants activities and decrease in the MDA level of wound tissues compared with vehicle control. The immunohistochemical evaluation revealed conspicuous up-regulation of Hsp70 in treated wounds with EEAM, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of EEAM. ConclusionEEAM exhibited a promising wound healing potential towards excisional wound models in rats.

Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants from North Indian Buchpora and South Indian Eastern Ghats.

BackgroundDevelopment of resistance against the frontline anti-malarial drugs has created an alarming situation, which requires intensive drug discovery to develop new, more effective, affordable and accessible anti-malarial agents.MethodsInspired by their ethnobotanical reputation for being effective against febrile diseases, antiplasmodial potential of ethyl acetate extracts (EAE) and methanol extracts (ME) of 17 medicinal plants collected from the Eastern Ghats of South India and Buchpora, North India were explored against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using the SYBR Green assay. The results were validated both by confirmation that the fall in fluorescence signal was not due to quenching effects mediated by phytochemical extracts and by Giemsa-stained microscopy.ResultsUsing EAE or ME, promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 ≤ 20 μg/ml), was seen in Aerva lanata (Whole aerial parts-EAE), Anisomeles malabarica (Leaf-EAE), Anogeissus latifolia (bark-EAE), Cassia alata (leaves-EAE), Glycyrrhiza glabra (root-EAE), Juglans regia (seed-ME), Psidium guajava (leaf-ME and EAE) and Solanum xanthocarpum (Whole aerial parts-EAE). EAEs from leaves of Couroupita guianensis, Euphorbia hirta, Pergularia daemia, Tinospora cordifolia and Tridax procumbens as also ME from Ricinus communis (leaf and seed) showed good antiplasmodial activity (Pf 3D7 IC50 21 - 40 μg/ml). Moderate activity (Pf 3D7 IC50: 40–60 μg/mL) was shown by the leaf EAEs of Cardiospermum halicacabum, Indigofera tinctoria and Ricinus communis while the remaining extracts showed marginal (Pf 3D7 IC50 60 to >100 μg/ml) activities. The promising extracts showed good resistance indices (0.41 – 1.4) against the chloroquine resistant INDO strain of P. falciparum and good selectivity indices (3 to > 22.2) when tested against the HeLa cell line.ConclusionThese results provide validity to the traditional medicinal usage of some of these plants and further make a case for activity-guided purification of new pharmacophores against malaria.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0564-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Biological activities of Suaeda heterophylla and Bergenia stracheyi

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antioxidant, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antiglycative, and xanthine oxidase activities of different extracts of Suaeda heterophylla (S. heterophylla) and Bergenia stracheyi (B. stracheyi). MethodsThe extracts of S. heterophylla and B. stracheyi were evaluated for antioxidant, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antiglycative, and xanthine oxidase activities using standard experimental methods. ResultsThe overall antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract of S. heterophylla was the strongest, followed by chloroform extract, methanolic extract and n-hexane extract. It is interesting to note that ethyl acetate fraction showed 94.98% inhibition at concentration of 60 μg/mL while standard ascorbic acid showed 98.49% inhibition at same concentration. The crude methanol extracts of S. heterophylla and B. stracheyi showed significant phytotoxic activity at the highest dose. Moreover, methanol extract of B. stracheyi possessed strong activity in xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibition. ConclusionsAntioxidant, phytotoxic, and xanthine oxidase activities of different fractions of S. heterophylla and B. stracheyi clearly demonstrate that these fractions possess great potential for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.