Political Level Research Articles

A Review of the Energy Sector as a Key Factor in Industry 4.0: The Case of Spain

Technological development has profoundly marked the evolution of the economy. The constant changes brought about by scientific and technological advances have been decisive in the transition from an analogue to a digital world. In this context, the impact of the fourth industrial revolution (or Industry 4.0) manifests itself in many ways. Environmental impact is one of these. The energy sector has been evolving and changing just like the economy and society. Therefore, a study of this sector, and of the other related elements, is of interest to better understand the 4.0 concept. The promotion of sustainability at both the political and social levels has led to changes in different areas, such as the productive vision, the use of green energies, and the implementation of green taxes. Energy as a key factor in Industry 4.0 involves studying it both quantitatively and qualitatively. This is to understand the lights and shadows that the concept currently presents. Therefore, this work aims to bring the reality of the energy sector closer to reality, both in its positive and negative aspects, considering the main factors of incidence, to show the strengths and weaknesses that can be deduced.

THE EXTENT OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, CONSENSUS STRATEGY AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PLANS AT GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS IN TIMOR LESTE

The Strategic Plan for Development in Timor Leste is one such documentlong-term development strategy plans for various prioritized sectorseveryfive years, and for the preparation of the state budget every year. Onthe initial implementation of the development strategy plan all government agencies refer toon the document, but because of the change of government, and there is no consensusat the political level, it has an impact on conflicting party-political interestspower, and considers that the 2011-2030 PED document does not reflectThe National Development Strategy Plan is good, and therefore it was not usedas a reference for planning the budget and costs of the state of Timor Leste. Strategic management studies that determine the success or failure of a strategic plandevelopment in its implementation is inseparable from several determining factors namelytop leadership in government agencies, it is necessary to establish organizational commitment,the creation of an organizational culture and one of the important factors is the existence of a commonalityunderstanding of the development strategy plan is the presence of strategic consensusso as to ensure the implementation of development strategy plans in various sectorsin accordance with the functions of existing government agencies in Timor Leste. Strategy implementationis part of the management strategy which also includes strategy formulation andplan control. Strategic management is seen as a set of decisions andactions designed to achieve an organizations mission, vision, strategy, and strategic goals.Strategy implementationseen as an important part of strategic management because it is seen asthe process that transforms the formulated strategy into actions that ensure the visionand the mission of the organization is achieved as planned.The researchers focused on the Extent of Strategic Leadership,Organizational Commitment, Organizational Culture, and Consensus Strategy AgainstAchievements of the Development Strategy Plan for Government Agencies in Timor Leste.

Intercultural Competence as a Condition for the Formation and Development (Improvement) of Soft Skills for Future Top Managers of International Financial Corporations

"The modern development of the information society, globalization processes, as well as the development of the international community at the economic, cultural and political levels, places new demands on the formation of the competencies of managers of powerful corporations, their training, as well as the conditions for the performance of their duties, which determines the relevance of this article. The purpose of the article is the analysis of intercultural competence as a condition for the formation and development (or improvement) of soft skills for future top managers of transnational financial corporations. Structural, functional and retrospective research methods were used to implement the goal. The results of the research underline the importance of modern cross-cultural management and the peculiarities of its implementation in Ukraine and determined intercultural competence and the factors of its formation in the system of training future top managers (using the empirical experience of Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman). It has also proved the significance of mastering intercultural communication and the development of soft skills in the environment of top managers (based on the analysis of the global context). It has been concluded that there is a dependence of the mechanisms of formation of soft skills on psychological traits. As shown by the practice of teaching relevant academic disciplines at Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, based on mastering, among others, intercultural competence, future managers are able to develop social skills at an appropriate level."

State‐level politicization of crisis communication on Twitter during COVID‐19: Conceptualization, measurement, and impacts

AbstractThe political dimension of crisis communication remains understudied in public administration. We defined the politicization of government crisis communication as the employment of politics‐oriented communication strategies in crisis messaging. We further examined the state‐level politicization occurring during COVID‐19 and its influence on public engagement and policy compliance. We applied machine learning algorithms to analyze 43,642 Twitter messages posted by fifty US state governors, assessing the extent to which these governors politicized crisis communication. We compiled data from multiple sources to explore the influence of communication politicization on public engagement and compliance behaviors. While most governors showed major concerns regarding reputation and blame, their level of politicization and selection of communication strategies varied. Increased levels of communication politicization discouraged the public's online engagement and policy compliance. Excessive levels of political consideration could undermine the legitimacy and effectiveness of government crisis communication, and thus an examination of their relationship was essential.

The Secretariat of Francis Walsingham, 1568–1590

AbstractMid‐Elizabethan rivalry over policy and patronage split the system of state information and espionage into the collaboration of individuals. To maintain the utmost privacy, Francis Walsingham, principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I, designed a comparatively enclosed information management and secretarial machinery that combined household space with clientage. This strategy facilitated the multiple infiltrations of clientage into the different levels of power politics, ranging from pan‐European espionage to government administration and parliament. The political involvement of clientele hence constructed the late Tudor polity out of another amalgam of bureaucratic and household elements. Using the model of Walsingham's privatised, flexible and meritocratic secretariat, this essay will examine a new style of Tudor clientage and their capture of power within the mid‐Elizabethan regime. In doing so, it explores the connection within and between clients, bureaucrats and the monarch, as well as a political controversy concerning the late Tudor polity.

The Lorax Effect


 
 
 As the globe continues to experience the effects of climate change, researchers must continue to investigate factors that contribute to individuals' attitudes concerning climate change. This study utilizes survey data from 1,539 Canadians gathered in 2019. The data was analyzed using ordinary least square linear regression to analyze how political ideology, gender, and level of education correlate with individuals’ level of environmental concern. Approximately 83.2% of Canadians rated themselves as having a moderate level of environmental concern or higher in the collected survey data, suggesting that most Canadians express some amount of environmental concern. Canadians with a conservative political ideology have a lower level of environmental concern than their liberal counterparts. Within the Canadian context, there is no statistically significant relationship between level of education and concern for the environment. Females are more concerned, on average, about the environment, compared to males. Canadians’ gender identity seems to influence their level of environmental concern. However, more representation of non-binary individuals is needed in future data-gathering to analyze non-binary individuals' level of environmental concern. The paper further discusses these variables' effects on the level of environmental concern.
 
 

Aspects of legal regulation of national-level medical research

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the rapid development of the social and state system. Considering the development of political, economic, and social levels of life, and the issues of considering public opinion and raising the level of legal awareness of the public in the medical industry arise. The purpose of the study was to apply a correlation comparison of legal and medical sciences, and their combination with the subsequent use of applied legal dialectics in the sub-branch of medical law knowledge. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: dialectical, logical and general scientific (observation and generalisation). The analytical processing of statistical information material from the medical sector is reflected in law-making and rule-making processes and acts, and is considered in the case law of the national level based on the decision of the European Court of Human Rights. Legal monitoring of officials authorised at the state level, practical interest of public organisations and certain segments of the population stimulated the innovative development of media-communicative content, which aims to convey the necessary materials of the legal component in the medical sphere in an adapted form. Such an example is the final products of thematic media content. The Academy of the National Health Service of Ukraine has developed useful resources supplemented by an electronic periodical. The specific feature and significance of the state course for the development of the medical industry in the legal sense are reflected in the specially developed material and the procedure for its submission, given the insufficient level of legal education in the potential audience. An innovation of development is the presentation of specific and significant legal and medical materials in a form adapted for perception and understanding and in a simplified form. The results of mastering the information resource of the medical legal field are of practical importance if it is used by consumers of medical services, medical personnel and the state – the body that monitors the relationship between doctors and patients

Morocco’s domestic crisis of (derailed) democratisation

ABSTRACT In the North African context, Morocco is a clear example of democratic backsliding. Since popular protests broke out in 2011, institutional reforms were implemented under the leadership of the monarchy, leading the Moroccan polity to change without altering its defining features. The previous decade had indeed seen Morocco trailing a thin line between social moderation and repression and between political openings and counter-revolution. Between 2011 and 2022 the process of democratic backsliding accelerated, thus turning Morocco into a ‘hybrid regime'. By tracing continuities and changes in the past decade mainly at the political and institutional levels, this article explores the pattern of democratic backsliding undertaken by Morocco by empirically contextualising it within the deterioration of the main features of citizenship understood according to the categorisation introduced by Marshall and Bottomore (1987) that distinguishes between civic, political and social rights. To explain this pattern, the article argues that external factors linked to the deterioration of the regional context (the conflict with Algeria over the Western Sahara and the spill-over of Libyan instability) as well as the rising tensions with the European Union (EU) have not only underpinned Morocco’s geopolitical reorientation but also sustained its domestic crisis of (unfinished) democratisation.

KONSELING BEHAVIORISTIK TEKNIK SELF-MANAGEMENT DALAM MENGATASI RENDAHNYA ETIKA PERGAULAN SIKAP SOPAN SANTUN SISWA

The aims of this research are 1. To describe the factors that cause the low level of politeness among students in the social etiquette of class VIII SMPN 4 Kudus. 2. Overcoming the social ethics of student courtesy through behavioral counseling services with self-management techniques for class VIII SMPN 4 Kudus. This type of research is a qualitative research in the form of a case study conducted at SMPN 4 Kudus. The subjects of this study were two class VIII students who had problems with social ethics and politeness. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation. The results showed that by providing behavioristic counseling services with self-management techniques. The counselee is able to change problematic behavior into expected behavior, namely being polite, being able to respect and respecting parents, being friendly in the school environment, being able to respect the opinions and decisions of others

Ecofeminist Spiritualities in Context of Social and Pandemic Crises: Sustainability and Shared Care

The article contributes on ecofeminist spirituality, reflecting on the relationship between gender, ecology, and social and pandemic crises from contemporary tragedies, based on bibliographic and audiovisual (video) research. It is based on the transversality of approaches, which contemplate the power relations between gender, class, and ethnicity in dealing with people and the environment. In an ecofeminist approach, it affirms the ethics of shared care from the most vulnerable living beings, at a sociocultural, political, economic, and theological level.

Transition of district heating from fossil to renewable energies – Pathways analysed by dynamic simulation

Due to the tremendous effects of climate change, the goal of a climate-friendly energy supply has developed into the main task of the energy sector. Today climate neutrality is a central issue at social, political and economic levels. It is a sector coupling issue, requiring renewable energies in electricity, mobility and heat supply. While the heat sector contributes the largest share to final energy demand of German municipalities, it is also the sector for which the path towards climate neutrality will be most challenging. This study presents pathways for large cities for the transition from fossil to renewable heat supply based on the example of Rostock. A detailed, fully-physical simulation model for Rostock’s district heating was developed considering different potential heat sources including heat pumps, industrial and process heat, incineration of sewage sludge, waste and solid biomass as well as geothermal and solar thermal plants. Additionally, thermal energy storages have been integrated into the model. The study highlights the importance of simulation models in evaluating the feasibility of energy systems and emphasizes the need for incorporating detailed information in these models to obtain accurate results.Multiple scenarios have been investigated in order to analyse the interplay of heat generation, storage and the annual course of heat consumption. Five final concepts were derived meeting the requirement of climate-neutral heat supply. Although the results show that each variant has advantages and disadvantages, heat generators that make technical and economic sense in all cases were identified. The implementation of these is recommended.

La vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes frente a la desinformación: su medición y su relación con el pensamiento crítico y la desconexión moral

Young adolescents are more vulnerable to disinformation owing to the time that they spend online and their content consumption habits. The consequences of this phenome­non can be serious, both for the individual and at a social and political level. To alleviate this situation, different agencies recommend healthy practices regarding consumption and exchange of information; from checklists to self-learning exercises for the development of critical thinking. This research proposes a tool for the identification of behaviours among adolescents when giving credibility to infor­mation or content and the motives that lead them to share it, contributing at times to the spread of misleading information. After an ex­haustive process of design, piloting, and psy­chometric validation using an English-speak­ing sample (N = 417), a reliable instrument was obtained. We also measured its correlation with critical thinking and moral disengage­ment. The results lead us to conclude that this is a new tool with which to observe the information consumption behaviours of young people and thus measure their vulnerability to disinformation. Similarly, we have confirmed how greater critical thinking is positively re­lated to more responsible consumption when giving credibility to content or news, and how moral disengagement is linked to the fact of sharing such items with greater ease.

International Methods to Combat Corruption Crimes

Corruption crimes are among the most dangerous crimes at the national and international levels, in addition to their terrible spread quickly. In order to address them, we address in this research a statement of the definition of corruption, its forms and characteristics, the reasons that led to its spread, its types and its destructive effects on the social, economic, legal and political levels, and the extent of the impact of corruption crimes on international relations, which was indicated by the United Nations Convention of 2003 AD and the Arab Convention of 2010 AD, and the research touched on the most important international mechanisms in combating corruption through international treaties and intergovernmental organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, or non-governmental organizations such as Transparency International. In this research, we will discuss at the international level the experience of the United States of America in combating corruption. As for the Arab level, we reviewed the Saudi experience, then we dealt with combating this crime in Iraq. The research ended with a conclusion, conclusions, and recommendations.

A Study on Hotel Front Office Practices and its Impact on Guest Satisfaction with Reference to the Vivanta by Taj Blue Diamond, Pune

The Vivanta case study from Taj Blue Diamond in Pune focuses on identifying the creative methods used by the front office division and calculating their influence on how satisfied guests are. According to the results, it was noted that inventive thinking had a favourable effect procedures, level of service, politeness, competence, and Staff responsiveness (CCR) to visitor satisfaction the hotel's level

Core English skills affecting Korean hoteliers’ perceived language proficiency

Fluency in English is a crucial asset in today"s highly competitive hotel industry. However, despite the significant contribution of the hotel sector to the country"s tourism industry revenue, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the usage and proficiency of English among Korean hoteliers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to thoroughly examine the usage frequency of four English skills and the perceived level of proficiency of Korean hoteliers by investigating both strong and weak skills. The study reveals that listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills are all essential in the hotel industry, but their frequency of use and proficiency level vary depending on the department, position, and hotel brand. Senior managers demonstrated the highest English proficiency, highlighting the importance of English for career development. However, this study also identifies a critical deficiency in confidence in listening skills and knowledge of grammar and sentence structure, in contrast to a high level of linguistic politeness. The respondents" ability to understand vocabulary spoken by guests and to utilize it in writing, constructing sentences, and speaking naturally were found to impact their overall perception of English proficiency. Based on the research findings, the study provides implications for English education to enhance the competitiveness of Korean hoteliers.

The United States-The People's Republic of China relations: A systemic level impact analysis

Are the United States (the US)- the People's Republic of China (the PRC) relations inevitably headed for war? The US-the PRC relations constitute one of the most interesting topics in terms of international political studies. Precisely for this reason, the study of political relations between the US and the PRC is of the great importance in terms systemic level of the international political studies. The main purpose of this study is to show that the relations of the US and the PRC, as two influential acting units at the level of systemic international politics, are of competitive cooperation. In this study, Popperian falsification method was used in the context of political, economic and cultural data revealed by bilateral relations. The definition of the inevitably dragged into a war by the US-the PRC with a historicist perspective also brings with it an important problem in terms of international political studies. This point also creates an important opportunity to discuss the explanatory capacity of international political theories. Considering the Structural Realist Theory in the US-the PRC case, it is seen that military, economic and social relations are important in terms of influencing the structure as much as the formation of the structure. The US-the PRC relations, it is seen that a competitive cooperation structure has emerged rather than a process leading to war.

GENDER DISPARITIES IN THE TREATMENT AND CARE OF MENTALLY ILL WOMEN-A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

The Indian Constitution guarantees all fundamental rights to mentally ill people. Gender is a significant factor when a woman develops a mental illness, the necessary assistance is sometimes tardily sought. Although laws exist to safeguard the rights of mentally ill women receiving institutionalised care in India, execution is still a pipe dream. Women who are institutionalised with mental illnesses might experience change in their life and see improvements in their mental health with coordinated efforts at the social, political, economic, and legal levels. This research focuses on the issues mentally ill women encounter when receiving treatment and care within a Mental Health Care Centre.

지역 경계를 넘어선 변혁적 젠더 정의론

This article examines the definition of a two-dimensional approach to gender justice that combines economic distribution and identity recognition as an element of Fraser's multicultural society, and the definition of 'participation' that enables two-dimensional gender definition. The specific research results are as follows. First, the corresponding secondary approach of gender definition was reviewed to cover both distribution and recognition of the issue of exclusion and discrimination based on the identity of married migrant women. First of all, it was confirmed that married migrant women with issues related to “gender” were a binary group in which the problems of redistribution and recognition were intertwined. The researcher re-analyzed the case of married migrant women interviewed in 2021 and confirmed that identity politics surrounding recognition, such as exclusion of ethnicity and gender, is in line with distribution politics, which is an economic inequality. Second, the issue of inequality of married migrant women should be dealt with at the economic, social, and political levels discussed by Fraser, and for this, the definition of political “equal participation” should be integrated beyond economic distribution and social recognition. Third, Fraser's “equal participation” was proposed as a way to correct inequality distribution and disapproval,“abolish the differentiation order that maintains the group's specificity,” and to solve the dilemma of “encouraging differentiation by recognizing the group's specificity.” In the end, the 'institutional/cultural device change plan' is to realize transformative gender justice beyond regional boundaries.

Democracy in Zuhud Concept: Politics of Articulation of Truth of Gus Mus’ Intelligence Practice in the 2015 NU Congress

This study describes intellectuality as a practice of contesting truth in offering alternative truths aside from the existing truth. This paper aimed to describe how the truth regime is articulated by the subject of knowledge and a political agent, namely Ahmad Mustofa Bisri, in the 2015 NU Congress. At that moment, Gus Mus’ practice of articulating truth by refusing the position of ‘rais aam’ was political. This study questioned how the regime of truth was articulated amid the power contest at the 2015 NU Congress. This study argued that, amid the practice of contesting truth, at the same time, there is a politics of value and idea articulation carried out by an individual who occupies a position as part of the intellectual. It is at the political level of the articulation of truth that novelty is described in this study. This study produced truths using text and context-based discourse analysis methods, including: 1). dismissing ‘hubbud dunya’, 2). fostering ‘mind’ and ‘morality’, and 3). it is strengthening ‘legawing ati’ in dedication. In contrast, the above markers are marker moments that reinforcer the primary marker, namely the regime of zuhud, articulated by Gus Mus by self-regulation (subject position) as ‘ a student’ related to elements of discourse antagonism—the term of ‘kiai’ related to the position of rais aam.

On the role of politeness in online human–human tutoring

AbstractResearchers have demonstrated that dialogue‐based intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) can be effective in assisting students in learning. However, little research has attempted to explore the necessity of equipping dialogue‐based ITS with one of the most important capabilities of human tutors, that is, maintaining polite interactions with students, which is essential to provide students with a pleasant learning experience. In this study, we examined the role of politeness by analysing a large‐scale real‐world dataset consisting of over 14K online human–human tutorial dialogues. Specifically, we employed linguistic theories of politeness to characterise the politeness levels of tutor–student‐generated utterances, investigated the correlation between the politeness levels of tutors' utterances and students' problem‐solving performance and quantified the power of politeness in predicting students' problem‐solving performance by applying Gradient Tree Boosting. The study results showed that: (i) in the effective tutorial sessions (ie, sessions in which students successfully solved problems), tutors tended to be very polite at the start of a tutorial session and become more direct to guide students as the session progressed; (ii) students with better performance in solving problems tended to be more polite at the beginning and the end of a tutorial session than their counterparts who failed to solve problems; (iii) the correlation between tutors' polite expressions and students' performance was not evident in non‐instructional communication; and (iv) politeness alone cannot adequately reveal students' problem‐solving performance, and thus other factors (eg, sentiment contained in utterances) should also be taken into account. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Human–human tutoring is acknowledged as an effective instructional method. Polite expression can help strengthen the relationship between tutors and students. Polite expression can promote students' learning achievements in many educational contexts. What this paper adds By considering the students' prior progress on a problem‐based learning task, we demonstrated the extent to which tutors and students display politeness in tutoring dialogues. Tutors' polite expressions might not correlate with students' problem‐solving performance in online human–human tutoring dialogues. Politeness alone was insufficient to predict the students' performance. Implications for practice Tutors might consider using words with positive sentiment values to express politeness to students with prior progress, which might encourage those students to make a further effort. The polite strategy of expressing indirect requests could help tutors mitigate the sense of directness, but this strategy should be carefully used in delivering instructional hints, especially for students without prior progress. To better assist students without prior progress, tutors might consider using more direct expression to explicitly guide students.