Polish Media Research Articles

Simulation and modeling of magnetorheological shear thickening polishing processes for slender tube

Slender tubes have widespread applications in the fields of medical industries, aerospace, and chemical industries. In present study, a magnetorheological shear thickening polishing (MSTP) method was proposed to improve the surface quality of slender tube. The magnetic field generator integrated with four-pair electromagnetic coils and permanents is designed, in which the rheological properties of the polishing media and the polishing forces are regulated precisely. The magnetic flux density is explored based on finite element analysis (FEA). A mathematical model of magnetic force is established on single abrasive particle. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the polishing media with six cases were performed to investigate the shear stress. The effects of various processing conditions, including the magnetic flux density, the inlet pressure and the rotational speed, on rheological properties (shear rate, shear stress, and profile velocity) are investigated using the optical polishing media (Case 5). A material removal rate model was established based on calculations of the indentation depth and indentation diameter formed by abrasive particles. The results show that the indentation depth of t=7.1×10−14 m and surface roughness peaks change of 6.78×10−8 m is obtained under the shear stress of 10206 Pa. The feasibility of the MSTP method was demonstrated by predicting the initial and machined surfaces using Gaussian filtering.

The problematic nature of evaluating esports’ “genuineness” using traditional sports’ criteria: In-depth interviews with traditional sports and electronic sports journalists

ABSTRACT Researchers often use traditional sports’ theoretical frameworks to evaluate esports’ ‘genuineness’. Therefore, this article shows how esports is assessed by traditional sports and esports journalists and how this is important for esports research. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 15) with the journalists representing top-tier Polish media and used inductive conventional content analysis. Three main analytical categories and ten subcategories indicate how the two types of journalists differ in their assessments of esports being or not being ‘real’ sport. The results highlight how problematic it is to use traditional sports as a frame into which esports needs to fit. We indicate the misconceptions of this approach and propose more inductive ones (e.g. searching for esports’ distinct frameworks or revealing those used by different groups or communities). Also, our research has some practical implications and is a kind of ‘map’ showing the esports’ new quality and its complex nature.

Media and сultural agenda in the EU countries against the background of russian military aggression in Ukraine (sociological and contextual research)

The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of the media agenda for the information security of society and the state. The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation of a common media and cultural agenda in the EU countries regarding the coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian war since February 2022. The study uses theoretical (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization and interpretation of results) and empirical (data collection, observation, comparison) research methods. The content of online versions of print media that shape public opinion in Poland and Germany was analyzed. The results showed that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to the formation of a common media agenda in the EU, the unanimous recognition of Russia as a party to the conflict and an aggressor country, the realization of a rethinking of EU international policy and the need to identify new strategic partners. German publications recognize the war as a new reality and raise the issue of mobilizing Europe for collective security. Energy dependence on Russia is recognized as a political mistake, and support for Ukraine's statehood and European integration course is expressed through the theme of common European values and solidarity in the fight against the aggressor. The Polish media demonstrate maximum support for both military and civilian Ukrainians from Polish society, sympathy for refugees, and the need to achieve peace through Russia's military defeat. The cultural agenda in the media of both countries is presented primarily through the topic of preserving monuments threatened by military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The results of the study deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of public opinion formation and its influence on political decisions, and are of practical importance for information security specialists, journalists, politicians, diplomats and anyone interested in the role of the media in civil society.

All we need to know about the provisional measures of the international court of justice in allegations of genocide (Ukraine v Russian Federation), but the media reports inaccurately

On 27 February 2022, Ukraine filed the application instituting proceedings against Russia before the International Court of Justice to obtain provisional measures protecting its rights. It resulted from Russia‘s launch of the “special military operation” against Ukraine on 24 February 2022, in response to the alleged genocide of Donbass communities by the Kyiv regime. The Courted delivered its Order on 16 Marco 2022 and indicated provisional measures. Unfortunately, the Polish media coverage distorted the content of the Order. This article aims to present how the Order was covered and to demystify its content.

STUDIES ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF POLISHED NICKEL SURFACE WITH RESIN WETTED BY DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT

As a material widely used in aerospace and energy development, the surface quality of nickel and its alloy will need to be improved urgently. Electrochemical polishing, as a surface treatment method, can smoothen the metal surface and improve its corrosion resistance. Strict environmental regulations have given rise to new electrochemical polishing techniques. In this paper, the electrochemical polishing of nickel was carried out using resin particles wetted by deep eutectic solvent (DES) as polishing medium. The surface morphology and roughness of polished nickel were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometer. In addition, electrochemical polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to test the corrosion behavior of polished specimens in 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution. The results show that the surface morphology of polished nickel shows grain boundary characteristics. The surface roughness Ra can be reduced from 0.612[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 0.0913[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (under 30[Formula: see text]V voltage polishing 1[Formula: see text]h), and the corrosion current density can be reduced from 27.30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] to 12.15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. Pitting potential in the polarization curve indicates that the pits at the grain boundaries are corroded due to the influx of corrosive chloride ions. This polishing method combines the resin with DES which can reduce the production of polishing liquid waste while avoiding the use of harmful acid-base electrolytes and effectively reduce the surface geometry uneven degree, improving the surface corrosion resistance.

Foreign Capital in the Women's Press in Poland in 1989-2019 – Attempted Summary

Press companies with foreign capital have been functioning on the Polish media market since 1990. In the nineties, women’s press was dominated by four media giants with German capital: Bauer Media, Burda Poland, G+J Poland, and Axel Springer Poland (‘The Big German Four’), which were later joined by Edipresse Poland and Marquard Media. In the years between 2001 and 2016, mergers and acquisitions took place which led to a concentration of the press market. As a result, in 2019 Bauer Media became the definitive leader, systematically expanding its press range in the group of multi-thematic magazines. Despite taking action, neither Edipresse Polska nor Burda International was able to compete with the media giant. The aim of this article is to analyze changes in the segment of women's multi-thematic magazines which took place between 1989 and 2019. The research used the method of system analysis, a research approach used in social sciences, which considers the notion of a system and its analysis as crucial for the understanding of social phenomena. It was assumed that the women's press published in Poland is a part of the Polish media system. It is a closed sub-segment. Considering this multi-thematic magazine group as a whole without dividing it into subsegments, it is obvious that Bauer Media was the ultimate leader – owning 13 titles i.e. 56.5% of the available magazine range. The remaining 10 magazines (43.5%) were owned by Burda International (5), Marquard Media (2), Edipresse Polska (1), Agora S.A (1), and Wydawnictwo Zwierciadło (1). In the years 2018-2019, the media giant Bauer Media extended its magazine range and gained a monopoly in the advice and gossip magazine subsegment.

Działalność firmy Burda Media Polska na polskim rynku medialnym w latach 1990-2022 - kryzys czy rozwój?

Burda Media Polska is one of the largest concerns operating on the Polish media market. Starting in the early 1990s with publishing guides and instructional magazines on cutting and sewing (“Burda,” “Verena,” “Anna”), the company systematically expanded its offer through mergers and acquisitions of other media companies. As a result, it evolved into a concern dealing with digital issues, marketing and advertising, apart from the press offer.The aim of the research was to analyse the activities of Burda Media Polska on the Polish media market in the years 1990-2022. The goal was to present the following: the history of the company over three decades, taking into account strategic decisions regarding the expansion of the company, transformations in the press offer and involvement in other sectors of the media market.

A novel methodology of MAF process via a multi-axis/multi-faceted polishing technique for enhancing surface quality of artificial hip joint component

This paper explores a novel methodology of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process via a multi-axis/multi-faceted polishing technique to achieve a high surface accuracy of artificial hip joint component such as femoral head used in the field of biomedical engineering. In this process, movement actions are adapted to multiple axes on X, Y, Z, and A directions in the MAF process. Movement of eco-friendly polishing media was driven by magnetic poles on X and Y directions. These eco-friendly polishing media strongly acted against the rotational/vibrational surface of femoral head, creating a multi-faceted polishing of femoral head. Results showed that a novel methodology based on the multi-axis/multi-faceted polishing technique could achieve an ultra-fine and smooth surface polishing of femoral head within a short polishing time of 12 min without causing defects on the surface of a femoral head sample. An average surface roughness value (Sa) of femoral head was successfully improved from 0.301 μm to 0.044 μm. The average improvement in percentage change in Sa of femoral head as 85.38 % was achieved, resulting in the ultra-smooth surface polish on the femoral head surface. Results of this study validated the capability of a novel methodology of MAF process as an efficient and effective technique to achieve an ultra-smooth surface polish for medical components with advantages for biomaterials and biomedical engineering industry.

Likwidacja celu – między doksą a episteme

Liquidation of the Target: Between doxa and episteme The author of the paper argues that Translation Studies and translation pedagogy might profit from the implementation of the theory of 4EA Cognition. The assumption that cognition is embodied, embedded, enacted, extended and affective might help to explain how people think about the world: cognition is a process whereby the relation between the cognizant subject and the (intentional) object of cognition is constantly modified by dynamic changes of factors pertaining to human body, brain and environment. As illustration, the author analyses a sequence of Polish media reports of a much publicized incident that occurred at the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Metodologie łączenia analizy treści z analizą dyskursu . Przykład badań nad dyskursem medialnym dotyczącym inwigilacji i prywatności

The article is methodological and focuses on the study preparation process. The analysis addresses the use of different approaches (induction, deduction) and methods of research (quantitative and qualitative content analysis, discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis) to study privacy media discourse. The article aims to promote a multidisciplinary approach to research by demonstrating the possibilities of using different research approaches. The text also shows obstacles that may appear in this type of study. To illustrate the discussed subject, two studies referred to media discourse on privacy in selected Polish media and media discourse on Pegasus, which the author and the team conducted.

РУБРИКА «УКРАЇНІКА В ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ ПРЕСІ» У ГАЗЕТІ «НАШЕ СЛОВО» (Варшава, 1990–1993 рр.) ЯК ПЛАТФОРМА УКРАЇНСЬКО-ПОЛЬСЬКОГО МЕДІАДІАЛОГУ

The article analyzes the content of the «Ukrainika v polskii presi» column, which functioned in the Warsaw newspaper «Nashe Slovo» (published from 1956 to the present day). The author focuses on the materials published in 1990–1993. Interest in the specified period is because at that time Ukraine and Poland were transitioning to a democratic model of social relations, which stimulated the liberation of the media space of both countries from the control of the totalitarian Soviet system. At this period Ukraine and Poland were entering a new stage of communication, discussing complex topics and problems and trying to find ways to solve difficult situations. The research on this experience is valuable because it allows the current generation not to repeat the mistakes of the past and to resist provocations and manipulations. Based on the conducted analysis, it was found out that the column’s materials are focused on covering various aspects of Ukrainian-Polish relations. The main problem areas of these publications were determined: 1) objective coverage of the events of the second half of the 1940s in the history of both nations; 2) the rights of Ukrainians as representatives of the national minority in Poland; 3) cooperation between Ukrainians and Poles in the political, scientific, cultural spheres and the role of the media; 4) Polish mass media about the restoration of state independence of Ukraine and Ukrainian-Russian relations. It is emphasized that the main task of the column was not only to inform recipients of the interest of Polish media in Ukrainians and Ukraine but also to report multipolar views of Polish journalists, publicists, and socio-political and cultural figures to readers. The degree of study of the problem is clarified, and it is found out that in the proposed context the content of the newspaper «Nashe Slovo» has not considered before. The conclusions are drawn, and the perspectives are determined. In particular, it is noted that a comprehensive scientific study of the newspaper «Nashe Slovo» has not yet been conducted. This opens a wide field for research activities on the study of the history of this publication, its functions, structure and content, place and role in preserving the national identity of Ukrainians in Poland as a source of information about various social, cultural, political, etc. processes. Keywords: the newspaper «Nashe Slovo», the column «Ukrainika v polskii presi», the press, media dialogue, Ukrainian-Polish relations, role of printed media.

Comparative analysis of the information security environment in Ukraine and Poland (survey of journalists and editors)

Information security of Ukraine and Poland with the beginning of the Russian Federation’s armed aggression against Ukraine is sensitive to various forms of information threats. Information attacks by the aggressor country accompany the challenges of the full-scale war that exploded within Eastern Europe. Active military actions on the territory of Ukraine, the migrant crisis on the border with Poland –all this tests both countries’ information environment for resilience. Journalists play an essential role in the process of information defense. In the study, we compare legal acts and governmental regulations of Ukraine and Poland in the field of information security in order to identify the current state of information security environment in both countries. In our work, we analyze the concept of “information security” in scientific studies of Ukrainian and Polish researchers, as well as in normative legal acts. Journalists and editors of leading Ukrainian and Polish media outlets were questioned about their attitudes toward existing information security doctrines and strategies. It was found that journalists of both countries (n = 46, α(ua)=0.75; α(pl)=0.78) find the tools of protection against information threats insufficient, consider the participation of journalists in the formation of information policy significant, and also consider as risky the possibility to adopt documents that would describe the social responsibility of journalists in conditions of information aggression.

Polarized disinformation. The coverage of US presidential election by Polish TV

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Analysis of how the 2020 US presidential election was covered and framed by Polish television news programs, and whether the polarization of media and politics in Poland was reflected in the studied content, influencing its bias.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The analysis of the coverage of the US presidential campaign by three nationwide TV news programs – TVN, TVP and Polsat by using content analysis with elements of framing analysis and comparative analysis.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article consists of four parts: the first explains the methodology of the study, the second discusses how presidential elections are covered and framed and what influences the national media being interested in covering foreign events. The third part presents the results of the study, and the last contains the discussion and conclusions.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The coverage was dichotomous and there was a correlation between the political affiliation of the media and their choice of framing. The media used a combination of game, strategy and conflict framing that highlighted differences between Trump and Biden in terms of the election results and their personal attributes. We found that the electoral rivalry was portrayed as a conflict between the candidates and that the Polish media constructed “enemy” images of candidates and voters depending on their political sympathies.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The polarization of media and politics in Poland was reflected in the coverage of the US election. The broadcasters placed Polish political conflicts in the context of the US campaign. It shows that foreign events may be covered by national media through the prism of political bias.

Spring-dashpot vibrational model for the investigation of viscoelasticity in gelatinous abrasive media and subsequent control of parameters for the blast polishing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy

Blast polishing offers an operator-friendly solution to many of the previously encountered polishing difficulties. However, the process lacks studies into the control of key parameters, one of which is viscoelasticity (particularly present in biological-based abrasive medias). Together with analytical-empirical models, a vibrational spring-dashpot model is presented, which characterizes the impact force, contact time, and damping ratio/coefficient of polishing media upon impact; as well as the effects of damping on contact parameters: stress, deformation, and area of contact. These are compared to experimentally gathered results for verification of the model. Impact force is shown to decrease dramatically with increasing hydration while increasing linearly with an increase in kinetic energy. Experimental findings reveal that 50% wet contact exhibits a 340% reduction in force magnitude compared to dry contact. Contact time results show an exponential increase with an increase in hydration. Research findings also show that higher hydration levels result in lower damping ratios and that higher kinetic energies (related to higher hydration levels) tend toward a decrease in damping ratio. Similarly, media damping coefficients decrease with both hydrational increases and kinetic energy increases. Results show that contact stress is reduced at higher hydration levels, which is mainly due to higher contact areas, and hence it was noticed that an increase in hydration prevents occurrence of chipping and brittle failure on the workpiece surface. Contact stress is shown to reduce by 325% from a 10% wet contact to a 50% wet contact. A high hydration of 30 to 50%, a high impinging velocity of value 31.4 m/s and above, a low stand-off distance of value 20 mm and below, a 45° polishing angle, and a polishing time of 20 to 40 min provide the most optimal parameters for efficient polishing to achieve a mirror finish on an additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V component. The findings stipulated provide a base on which to further characterize the process and aim to promote further development and optimization of the blast polishing process.

Foreign Capital in the Women's Press in Poland in 1989-2019 – Attempted Summary Olga Dabrowska-Cendrowska

Press companies with foreign capital have been functioning on the Polish media market since 1990. In the nineties, women’s press was dominated by four media giants with German capital: Bauer Media, Burda Poland, G+J Poland, and Axel Springer Poland (‘The Big German Four’), which were later joined by Edipresse Poland and Marquard Media. In the years between 2001 and 2016, mergers and acquisitions took place which led to a concentration of the press market. As a result, in 2019 Bauer Media became the definitive leader, systematically expanding its press range in the group of multi-thematic magazines. Despite taking action, neither Edipresse Polska nor Burda International was able to compete with the media giant. The aim of this article is to analyze changes in the segment of women's multi-thematic magazines which took place between 1989 and 2019. The research used the method of system analysis, a research approach used in social sciences, which considers the notion of the system and its analysis as crucial for the understanding of social phenomena. It was assumed that the women's press published in Poland is a part of the Polish media system. It is a closed sub-segment. Considering this multi-thematic magazine group as a whole without dividing it into subsegments, it is obvious that Bauer Media was the ultimate leader – owning 13 titles i.e. 56.5% of the available magazine range. The remaining 10 magazines (43.5%) were owned by Burda International (5), Marquard Media (2), Edipresse Polska (1), Agora S.A (1) and Wydawnictwo Zwierciadło (1). In the years 2018-2019, the media giant Bauer Media extended its magazine range and gained a monopoly in the advice and gossip magazine subsegment.

Report: Hungarian Studies Association Annual Report

Report: Hungarian Studies Association Annual Report

Cyfrowa klepsydra. Internetowe przedstawianie śmierci znanych osób

Information about the death has always aroused the interest of people. Especially when it concerned the death of famous people. From the very beginning, it was present in the media space of the live. Over time, oral information was replaced by obituaries in newspapers. Today this role has been taken over by the electronic instruments of social communication. The word „death” in the polish media usually appears in the context of the death of famous person, stars of public life, starting with stage music stars, art creators, athletes or politicians. This article shows the relationship of the medium of social communication, which is the Internet, to the phenomenon of death. The author presented the subject matter based on media reports about the death of three selected polish celebrities died in 2021. These were celebrity men from the world of media (Kamil Durczok), entertainment (Krzysztof Krawczyk) and sport (Artur Walczak). The final conclusions indicate the method of creating posthumous images of deceased celebrities. They show the role of the modern communication medium (Internet) in creating the image of a human being. They also emphasize the issue of journalistic ethics in relation to the topics related to the death of famous people.

Wyzwania współczesności a tradycja. O roli i języku programów religijnych na przykładzie telewizyjnego magazynu Kościoła greckokatolickiego w Polsce „Pełnia Wiary”

The proposed text aims to present and evaluate the magazine of the Greek Catholic Church in Poland, “Fullness of Faith”, in the context of the role of religious television programs and their functioning in the area of religious media discourse. This program, airing on public television since January 2021, is a novelty on the Polish media market. The author discusses the magazine’s structure and the content of individual episodes and refers to religious media discourse (including the theme or language of religious programs).

Perverting the Nationhood: Sexuality Education Discourse in Printed Polish Media

Perverting the Nationhood: Sexuality Education Discourse in Printed Polish Media

Sub-Nanometer Accuracy Combination Processing Technology for Nickel-Phosphorus Modified Surfaces Based on Aluminum Reflector Mirror.

The surface of metal mirrors is often polished by electroless coating with a Ni–P modified layer after single-point diamond turning. In practice, however, improvements in mirror quality are closely related to the polishing environment, polishing medium, and polishing force. If not adequately controlled, processing defects such as visible scratches can lead to the deterioration of surface roughness. Based on the Ni–P modified surface of a metal reflector mirror, this study optimizes the configuration of magnetorheological figuring (MRF) fluid and polishing process parameters so that MRF high-efficiency surface modification can be realized and the scratch problem can be resolved. The processing method of a high-performance metal mirror is developed by studying the high-efficiency and high-precision processing technology based on small head smoothing. The surface roughness achieved by the proposed method was better than Ra = 0.39 nm. The ultrasonic cleaning process effectively improved the surface roughness after processing. According to the combined processing technology developed in this study, the modified layer of the parabolic mirror with a diameter of 370 mm was processed, and the surface quality was increased from RMS = 338.684 nm to RMS = 21.267 nm.