Actions Of Players Research Articles

Research on Motion Capture System of Motor Skill Based on Computer Vision Technology

Compared with the existing motion capture system, the inertial conduction based motion capture method proposed in this project can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the current motion capture, such as limited communication distance, low accuracy of data acquisition, low visualization degree of model display software, narrow application range, etc., and improve the practical application value of the method. A method of motion capture and motion control based on wireless network is proposed. Since most of the skeleton of the human body is rigid, the complete expression of the human movement is realized through the study of 17 important joints, and all the movement information of the athlete can be obtained by placing sensors on the corresponding nodes. Through wireless network transmission technology, the player's action information is transmitted to the 3D modeling software to achieve real-time control of the action. When measuring each sensor, strapdown inertial navigation technology is used to improve the accuracy of acquisition. The 3D modeling software is based on a professional motion capture software, and through the forward and inverse kinematics of its motion, the 3D modeling is highly consistent with the wearable device.

FACIAL ANIMATION AND EMPATHY IN THE<i> LAST OF US PARTS I AND II</i>

For more than a decade the videogame studio Naughty Dog has deployed increasingly sophisticated facial animations, greatly expanding its characters’ abilities to convey realistic and compelling emotion. In a parallel effort, the studio has remediated cinematic forms like the closeup, integrating them with the unique affordances of videoludic media. Naughty Dog’s 2020 The Last of Us Part II takes this a step further, making characters’ faces a vital aspect of the game’s interface: the dynamically changing emotional expression of 25 in-game characters offers fine-grained feedback regarding player choices and actions, and it also encourages players to engage with the characters less like tools or targets and more like autonomous human beings. Through a close study of a single game character, Ellie Williams, my article illuminates the narrative and gameplay impact of this merger of face and interface. Ellie began The Last of Us Part I (2013) as a non-player character (NPC) and, in some ways, an archetypal “damsel in distress,” but she evolved to become a fan favourite as well as the sequel’s protagonist and principal player-character (PC). Along the way, Ellie also became something of a feminist icon: she is a queer young woman who wears practical clothing, a character very different than the stereotypical heroes that dominated previous videogame generations. The success of the games and their central character, I argue, turns on their ability to encourage emotional connections, sometimes called empathy, inviting players to engage with videogame characters in ways that parallel their responses to characters in older media forms.

Bridge Babies and Rebuilding America: Reproductive Commodification in Death Stranding

Hideo Kojima's 2019 video game Death Stranding has sold over 10 million copies since 2022. The game's plot features a post-apocalyptic United States where female bodies become commodities to produce babies, which the government utilizes as equipment to rebuild the country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the government's, the terrorists’, and the player character's words and actions reinforce or reject traditional patriarchal views about reproduction. I first establish a background in post-apocalyptic narratives by synthesizing themes from The Handmaid's Tale, The Road, and The Walking Dead. Using feminist post-structuralism, I analyze how reproductive commodification is prioritized over ethics by the government, rejected in favor of general destruction to the greater good by the terrorists, and is used only when absolutely necessary by the player character. I finally argue that commodification narratives are typical within post-apocalyptic narratives, are harmful, and have the potential to influence real-world politics.

Peculiarities of teaching the players of the student mini-football team basic individual actions when picking up the ball

Mini-football is a unique, universal team game that requires every player to be as efficient as possible in both attack and defense. Among the many factors that affect the result of matches in mini-football, and, accordingly, the result of sports activities, there is no doubt the level of technical training of each team player. From our point of view, the issue of teaching the basic individual actions of the players of the student mini-soccer team when selecting the ball is extremely important and insufficiently studie. In the article, an attempt is made to reveal the peculiarities of training the players of the student mini-football team in such basic individual actions when picking up the ball as: defensive stance, walking, running, dashing, jumping, stopping.
 The purpose of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of teaching players of the student mini-football team basic individual actions when picking up the ball. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic and person-oriented approach with the aim of analyzing scientific publications and methodical sources, as well as analyzing basic individual defensive game actions and identifying important features of training players of the student mini-soccer team to individual actions when selecting the ball. The work uses a multi-level systematic analysis of scientific sources based on philosophical, general-scientific, partial-scientific and specific-scientific levels of knowledge.
 Scientific novelty. With the help of the conducted research, important features of teaching the players of the student mini- soccer team basic individual actions when picking up the ball were revealed. Conclusions. The question of the basic individual actions of players when selecting the ball in mini-football is important and insufficiently studied. During the study, the peculiarities of learning the following basic individual actions of the players of the student team when picking up the ball in mini-football were revealed: defensive stance, walking, running, dashing, jumping, stopping.

Video analysis and data-driven tactical optimization of sports football matches: Visual recognition and strategy analysis algorithm

<p>For the purpose of this research, an original technique to assess football matches is described. The strategy makes use of a set of innovative algorithms for Strategic Analysis (SA) and Visual Recognition (VR). The approach, as mentioned above, has been designed around a virtual reality (VR) platform that is centered on YOLOv5 and successfully monitors the actions of both players and the ball in real-time. With the guidance of Markov Chain Models (MCM), the resulting information is processed and evaluated in order to find correlations in player location and actions. This enables an in-depth comprehension of the tactics and plans the team’s management executes. One of the most significant components of the research project is the exploration of multiple approximation techniques with the aim of enhancing frame analysis performance. Furthermore, threshold scaling was executed in order to attain maximum accuracy in detection, and an approach for Steady-State Analysis (SSA) is being created in order to analyze the long-term strategic positions of teammates. This complete method can run on sophisticated knowledge of in-game tactics, and it also serves as a tool for trainers and players who want to increase the effectiveness of the teams they coach and counteract strategies used by the opposing team.</p>

Change Of Direction Actions in Goal Scoring Situations in Male and Female Professional Soccer

The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of change of direction (COD) actions in goal scoring situations. Data was collected through time motion analysis of goal scoring actions from teams participating in English Premier League (EPL) and Women’s Super League (WSL) during the 2018/2019 season using a modified version of the Bloomfield Movement Classification with differences analysed through chi-square (p < 0.05).
 In (total percentage [95% CI] 71.6% (±1.7%) and 70.6% (±3.1%) of players involvements in EPL and WSL there was a COD action. For EPL and WSL, respectively, attackers performed COD actions in 71.9% (±2.3%) and 72.9% (±4.1%) of the involvements while defenders in 71.2% (±2.6%) and 67.8% (±4.7%). In 56.1% (±1.9%) and 57.1% (±3.3%) of the involvements there was at least 1 COD action performed at high intensity for EPL and WSL, respectively.
 Soccer players are frequently exposed to different COD actions during goal involvements, with these being performed frequently at high intensity and so, this physical ability could play an important role in the performance outcomes of a match. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on increasing player’s COD speed capabilities taking into account the tendency for specific COD actions for different players’ based on their roles.

Scaling Equipment Effect on Technical–Tactical Actions in U-13 Basketball Players: A Maturity Study

The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of technical–tactical actions in two different types of tournaments and the influence of biological age on the performance of young basketball players. Thirty-seven under-13 male basketball players (age = 12.91 ± 0.57 years) were selected from four southeast Spanish teams to participate in two different tournaments on two consecutive days. The following technical–tactical variables were analysed: (a) Ball Obtained; (b) Ball Handler Player Actions; (c) Ball Handler Player Finished Actions; and (d) Ball Handler Shooting Performance. The results showed that reduced basket height and a closer three-point line promoted a higher number of balls obtained, 1 vs. 1 situations, finished ball player actions, shots, and the efficacy of offence phases. There was a significant increase in the number of balls obtained, 1 vs. 1 situations played, the number of plays finished with a lay-up or shot, number of received personal fouls, number of plays finished in 1 vs. 2, and those finished in equality and inferiority with a high defence opposition. The modified version presented a higher number of technical–tactical actions in Late Maturity players. The authors of this study believe that it is necessary to conduct more experimental studies and use bio-banding strategies in young basketball competitions.

Anger and Political Conflict Dynamics

Emotions shape strategic conflict dynamics. However, the precise way in which strategic and emotional concerns interact to affect international cooperation and contention are not well understood. We propose a model of intergroup conflict under incomplete information in which agents are sensitive to psychological motivations in the form of anger. Agents become angry in response to worse-than-expected outcomes due to actions of other players. Aggression may be motivated by anger or by beliefs about preferences of members of the other group. Increasing one group’s sensitivity to anger makes that group more aggressive but reduces learning about preferences, which makes the other group less aggressive in response to bad outcomes. Thus, anger has competing effects on the likelihood of conflict. The results have important implications for understanding the complex role of anger in international relations and, more generally, the interplay between psychological and material aims in both fomenting and ameliorating conflict.

Does Guaranteed Price Regulate the Market Price of Paddy in Sri Lanka? Exploring the Present and Directing the Future

An argument arises that the opportunistic behavior of leading millers controlling the paddy market harms the farmers, small and medium-scale millers, and consumers. Therefore, this study aims to examine the policy-level intervention required to regulate and monitor the supply and prices of paddy to secure producers and to assess the impact of guaranteed prices in regulating the market price of paddy. The study used production, imports, guaranteed prices, and market prices of major three paddy types in five selected districts for 7 years. The one-sample t-test was used for analysis. The results of the study provide new insights for policymakers to revisit strengthening of regulatory mechanisms in the industry to function competitively. Further, the study identified the lapses in the implementation of existing regulatory mechanisms that might be harmful to producers, SMS millers, and consumers. In addition, identified the possibility of policy-level interventions to enhance appropriate regulatory measures under the existing legal provisions to minimize the anti-competitive and opportunistic actions of key players in the industry if any, enabling market forces to operate smoothly while minimizing the impact on the performance of SMS millers.

Students as game designers and developers: developing cooperative strategy board games to teach team leadership skills

Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight how gamification is transforming recruitment, retention and training to resolve employee engagement challenges in the ever-changing workplace. In collaborating with game industry experts and designers, the authors taught students team leadership skills by demonstrating how to design and play their own original cooperative strategy games. In doing so, students learn what gamification is and how it can be used to train our multigenerational workforce; how designing board games teaches team leadership skills (e.g. communication, conflict management, power, decision-making); and how to develop cooperative strategy game elements (player characters, roles and actions) that motivate engaging gameplay with successful learning outcomes. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors discuss the practical implications of a three-phase semester-long experiential learning experience, where game design demonstrates to students how employees can work collaboratively together in teams. Students’ developed storylines (i.e. strategic objectives) including motivation challenges, social media communication breakdowns, sabotage, global sustainability and other real-world challenges. In Phase 1, students learn about how companies are using gamification in training high-performing teams. In Phase 2, students play a cooperative strategy game Forbidden Island with their student teams. In Phase 3, students design (and play) their original cooperative strategy game, instructions booklet and build a facilitation guide. Findings Approximately, 400 students developed 48 original cooperative strategy games that can be used to teach team leadership skills. These student teams designed cooperative strategy board games – in which the entire team either wins or loses based on their control of valued resources and player actions as key decision-making points. The data and feedback indicate that the learning experience helped them practically consider team interdependence in making effective decisions, and in creating creative self-efficacy, resilience and self-confidence in their own leadership voice. In this manuscript, the authors focus on providing an overview and implementation plan for our semester-long experiential learning exercise. Originality/value This experiential exercise was implemented from 2019 to 2023 in different learning modalities (face-to-face, hybrid, 100% synchronous online learning) and during challenging times (prepandemic, pandemic and postpandemic learning environments). These varying experiences provided them with a challenge to persevere and learn about their own interpersonal skills and resilience in a creative engaging way with limited resources. Students developed 26 original games during 100% synchronous remote learning due to COVID. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other business school is working with gaming industry experts and game designers to teach team leadership to this degree during pre- and postpandemic environments.

Network Traffic Characteristics and Analysis in Recent Mobile Games

The landscape of mobile gaming has evolved significantly over the years, with profound changes in network reliability and traffic patterns. In the early 2010s, mobile games faced challenges due to unreliable networks and primarily featured asynchronous gameplay. However, in the current era, modern mobile games benefit from robust network connectivity, mirroring PC gaming experiences by relying on persistent connections to game servers. This shift prompted us to conduct an in-depth traffic analysis of two mobile games that represent opposite ends of the genre spectrum: a massively multiplayer game resembling PC MMORPGs with tightly synchronized gameplay, and a single-player puzzle game that incorporates asynchronous social interactions. Surprisingly, both games exhibited remarkably similar traffic footprints; small packets with short inter-packet arrival times, indicating their high expectations for network reliability. This suggests that game developers now prioritize network quality similarly to their PC gaming counterparts. Additionally, our analysis of packet lengths unveiled that recent mobile games predominantly employ short packets dominated by a few key packet types closely tied to player actions, which conforms to observations from PC online games. However, the self-similarity in traffic patterns, a notable feature in PC online games, only partially explains the traffic in mobile games, varying across genres. These findings shed light on the evolving traffic patterns in mobile games and emphasize the need for further research in this dynamic domain.

Energy-Motion Features Aggregation Network for Players’ Fine-Grained Action Analysis in Soccer Videos

Rich and complex events in sports have led to the development of a wide-variety of techniques for interpreting content of sports videos in terms of players’ actions, poses, gait, performance, etc. This is due to the requirements from coaches, trainers and players who expect to analyze actions in top sports events, as well as sports fans who practice to imitate professional playing skills, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g</i> ., dribbling, shooting, etc. However, this poses two key challenges for automated sports analysis community. Firstly, there are extremely limited public sports datasets. Secondly, recent advances in interpretations of sports activities, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g</i> ., soccer, are predominantly made through analyzing coarse-grained contents. Players’ fine-grained skills analysis still remains under-explored. To alleviate these problems, this paper (a) collects the dataset of highlight videos of soccer players, including two coarse-grained action types of soccer players and six fine-grained actions of players. Detailed annotations are provided for the collected dataset, in terms of action classes, bounding boxes, segmentation maps, and body keypoints of soccer players, and positions of a soccer ball in a game. (b) leverages the understanding of complex highlight videos by proposing an energy-motion features aggregation network- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EMA-Net</i> to fully exploit energy-based representation of soccer players movements in video sequences and explicit motion dynamics of soccer players in videos for soccer players’ fine-grained action analysis. Experimental results and ablation studies validate the proposed approach in recognizing soccer players actions using the collected soccer highlight video datasets.

&lt;어쌔신 크리드 발할라&gt;에서 북유럽 신화로 재생된 아포칼립스와 플레이어 경험

This paper aims to analyze how Norse mythology is represented in the game Assassin’s Creed: Valhalla and examine how the destruction of the Isu civilization, represented by the Norse myth Ragnarok, is experienced by the player. For this, we analyze the episodes within the game's mythological framework, compare them to Norse mythology, examine the end of the Isu civilization, and consider how the apocalypse is experienced through the player's actions on behalf of the character. In the game, Ragnarok functions as a narrative to explain the destruction of the Isu civilization, representing themes addressed in the apocalyptic worldview of science fiction: the creation and destruction of civilizations, human nature and population composition, the development of life sciences, and ethical issues. Furthermore, players can observe that they are experiencing the repetition of the post-apocalypse of the Isu civilization after Ragnarok and the pre-apocalypse of the human world by playing from the perspective of each character’s civilizations: Layla as a modern human being, Eivor in the 9th century, and Odin as the Isu in myth.

Automated Digital Wind Instrument using Arduino UNO Microcontroller

Recently, Blackstar Amplification Ltd. has introduced a Compact Carry-On Digital Wind Instrument (CDWI), mirroring the design of traditional recorder instruments in their size and shape. This CDWI can be played as a traditional wind instrument by blowing into the mouthpiece and simultaneously manipulating finger holes, enabling the production of desired musical notes. The main aim of this research work is the development of a prototype model to automate the CDWI, by utilizing the Arduino UNO microcontroller board and introducing the Automated Digital Wind Instrument (ADWI). The CDWI has a mouthpiece, nine finger holes, and one thumb hole, and the blowing mechanism can be automated by using a 12 Volts DC air blower and a servo valve. The author ingeniously develops a new servo valve using a plastic syringe, a ball, and a 5 Volts DC micro servo motor to regulate the air pressure blown into the mouthpiece. The ADWI fingers are meticulously crafted using plastic pen barrels, thrust tubes, and metallic springs to simulate the actions of a human music player's fingers. Positioned to maintain all finger holes in an open state by default, the selective closing of specific holes is achieved by ten micro servo motors to produce a specific musical note. In a preliminary test, the ADWI prototype is programmed to perform the Nursery Rhyme "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." While evaluating the sound output by hearing, it is evident that the proposed ADWI effectively generates all the necessary musical notes. However, the noise generated by the air blower and micro servo motors introduces interference, impacting the clarity of the produced musical notes. Consequently, it is planned to integrate a noise reduction mechanism as part of future work.

Dynamic coordination with payoff and informational externalities

I study a two-player continuous-time dynamic coordination game with observational learning. Each player has one opportunity to make a reversible investment with an uncertain return that is realized only when both players invest. Each player learns about the potential return by observing a private signal and the actions of the other player. In equilibrium, players' roles as leader and follower are endogenously determined. Information aggregates in a single burst initially, then gradually through delayed investment and disinvestment over time. More precise signals lead to faster coordination conditional on initial disagreement, but might also increase the probability of initial disagreement.

Action-Evaluator: A Visualization Approach for Player Action Evaluation in Soccer.

In soccer, player action evaluation provides a fine-grained method to analyze player performance and plays an important role in improving winning chances in future matches. However, previous studies on action evaluation only provide a score for each action, and hardly support inspecting and comparing player actions integrated with complex match context information such as team tactics and player locations. In this work, we collaborate with soccer analysts and coaches to characterize the domain problems of evaluating player performance based on action scores. We design a tailored visualization of soccer player actions that places the action choice together with the tactic it belongs to as well as the player locations in the same view. Based on the design, we introduce a visual analytics system, Action-Evaluator, to facilitate a comprehensive player action evaluation through player navigation, action investigation, and action explanation. With the system, analysts can find players to be analyzed efficiently, learn how they performed under various match situations, and obtain valuable insights to improve their action choices. The usefulness and effectiveness of this work are demonstrated by two case studies on a real-world dataset and an expert interview.

GAME DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND AI BASED ALGORITMS FOR CREATION OF GAMEWORLD

Game development is a complex and time-consuming process that requires the use of specialized tools and technologies to create immersive and engaging game worlds. Game world design theory involves creating a virtual environment that is immersive, engaging, and meaningful for players. In recent years, the use of AI-based algorithms has become increasingly popular in game development, as they offer the ability to generate dynamic and varied game worlds that adapt to the player's actions. In this manuscript we will discuss the main issues connected with game development tools and AI based algoritms for creation of gameworld.

“Even Though It’s Completely Random”

Typically, the role of non-diegetic music in video games is to set the environment, connect important gameplay events, serve as a transition between moments of action, provide the player with information about the game, and/or create meaning in game events. Games that are successful in these functional goals use music that is bound to player action and game context including setting, time, and location. Music in popular open-world games such as The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Dark Souls, and The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild all achieve their functional goals through their connection with player action or game events. Minecraft is an outlier among open-world games in that its music occurs randomly and sporadically, it is inconsistently connected with elements of the setting such as time and location, and the role of silence is less apparent than in other games such as those mentioned above. This article examines the following questions: How does non-diegetic music typically create meaning in game events? What implications does this have in Minecraft? And why do different players experience the music in Minecraft differently?

Trailing World Health Assembly Resolution 73.1: Pathway to Quick and Accurate Determination of the Source of Outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.

For more than four years now, the objective of determining the source of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China and the route of transmission of the infection to the human population has not been achieved despite existing capacity in molecular epidemiology and World Health Assembly Resolution mandating that objective. This study seeks to ascertain the reasons for failure to achieve that objective and to propose feasible alternative strategies to attain that objective quickly and accurately. Exploratory research was adopted, applying the tools of input-output device, data extraction, management by objective, rational decision approach and the deductive model. Fitting the objective of determining the source of the outbreak of COVID-19 as expected output, the actions of key players in the pandemic response (fitted as processors) were evaluated for consistence or otherwise in transforming data/inputs to achieve the output/objective. The study found that the World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution 73.1 (9 (6)) mandating the World Health Organization (WHO) to pursue the objective of determining the source of the outbreak of COVID-19 was not diligently and committedly implemented; that the WHO and China have deliberately evaded that objective; that previous and ongoing studies focusing on the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in other countries and similar themes are diversionary and unnecessary workload that depart from the core objective; and that adopting a five-point alternative strategy will ensure the attainment of the core objective within 14 days, including: (i) re-phrasing of the WHA mandate for specificity; (ii) subjecting all possible pathways of transmission to scrutiny; (iii) adopting “confirmed” genetic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 for subsequent use in molecular epidemiology; (iv) establishing a ‘red circle’ of 2 km radius from the Huanan wet market for top-priority epidemiologic investigation; (v) review of Resolution WHA73.1(9 (6)) at upcoming WHA to expressly prescribe unfettered right of access to the international study team and sanction for non-compliance. The study concludes that determining the source of the outbreak of COVI-19 in Wuhan, China is an important objective that should be accomplished within 14 days considering existing capacity in molecular epidemiology, if avoidable impediments are removed.

Optimizing Semantic Segmentation for Enhanced Football Analytics: A Pixel-level Approach

Semantic Segmentation, a pivotal technique in image analysis, is adeptly leveraged in this research to bolster sports analytics, with a concentrated focus on football. A comprehensive pipeline is unveiled for an in-depth analysis of a select portion of the IAUFD 100k dataset, encompassing 2030 manually annotated football images. The methodology entails a thorough evaluation and comparison of diverse semantic segmentation models, supplemented by the integration of advanced pre-processing strategies and optimal training techniques. Such a holistic approach culminates in a marked enhancement in model performance, as evidenced by a significant uptick in the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU). This research offers granular, object-oriented insights that substantially augment player tracking, action recognition, and event detection in football. The conclusive remarks of the study highlight prospective avenues for further research, emphasizing the potential incorporation of Explainable AI and advanced Metamorphic and Security Testing to fortify sports analytics.