Use Of Planning Research Articles

Latrine utilization and associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, North-West Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Objective:This research was aimed at assessing latrine utilization and associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, North West Ethiopia.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on households of East Gojjam Zone, from 1 February to 30 May 2021. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 806 study participants into the study. Data were collected through pretested structured interview questionnaires and direct observation. Collected data were entered and cleaned using EPI info version 7.2 and analysed using SPSS version 23 software package. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess association of the variables and controlling the effect of confounders, respectively. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results:The overall latrine utilization in East Gojjam Zone was found to be 45.4% (95% confidence interval = 42.2–49.1). Occupation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.248, 95% confidence interval = 1.037–4.876), participating in model family training (adjusted odds ratio = 2.481, 95% confidence interval = 1.802–3.415), water availability (adjusted odds ratio = 2.456, 95% confidence interval = 1.514–3.983), and type of latrine (adjusted odds ratio = 2.013, 95% confidence interval 1.648–2.972) had statistically significant association with latrine utilization.Conclusion:Latrine utilization in East Gojjam Zone was found to be low relative to other studies and the country’s plan. It is very far apart from the Ethiopian latrine coverage and utilization plan (100%). Occupational status, participated in the model family training, water availability, and type of toilet were significantly associated with toilet utilization. Encouraging private latrine construction with accessibility of water and all households participating in model family training may increase latrine utilization in East Gojjam Zone. Further observational study triangulated with qualitative research should be conducted to provide more strong evidence for further improvement of household latrine utilization status in East Gojjam Zone.

Estimating Fuel-Efficient Air Plane Trajectories Using Machine Learning

Airline industry has witnessed a tremendous growth in the recent past. Percentage of people choosing air travel as first choice to commute is continuously increasing. Highly demanding and congested air routes are resulting in inadvertent delays, additional fuel consumption and high emission of greenhouse gases. Trajectory planning involves creation identification of cost-effective flight plans for optimal utilization of fuel and time. This situation warrants the need of an intelligent system for dynamic planning of optimized flight trajectories with least human intervention required. In this paper, an algorithm for dynamic planning of optimized flight trajectories has been proposed. The proposed algorithm divides the airspace into four dimensional cubes and calculate a dynamic score for each cube to cumulatively represent estimated weather, aerodynamic drag and air traffic within that virtual cube. There are several constraints like simultaneous flight separation rules, weather conditions like air temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction that pose a real challenge for calculating optimal flight trajectories. To validate the proposed methodology, a case analysis was undertaken within Indian airspace. The flight routes were simulated for four different air routes within Indian airspace. The experiment results observed a seven percent reduction in drag values on the predicted path, hence indicates reduction in carbon footprint and better fuel economy.

Hospital Utilization and Health Care Planning

This study evaluated changes in inpatient adult medicine and adult surgery services in the metropolitan area of Syracuse New York. These are the two largest inpatient hospital services. The study involved the use of these services as a basis for health care planning over time. The first component of the study focused on changes in hospital discharges for adult medicine and adult surgery. It demonstrated that, between the first three quarters of 2019 and 2022, before and after the coronavirus epidemic, numbers of adult medicine and adult surgery discharges declined by 16 - 21 percent. The second component of the study focused on changes in hospital lengths of stay for adult medicine and adult surgery. It demonstrated that, between the first three quarters of 2019 and 2022, hospital inpatient lengths of stay increased by approximately 19 - 21 percent at the aggregate and hospital specific levels. Effective planning involving utilization indicators such as hospital discharges and efficiency will be necessary if the potential for effective management of this sector is to be preserved. This planning should involve comparisons of data such as hospital discharges and stays, and identification of the sources of these developments at the community level.

Baseline sea time for containership liner service: A new method to evaluate voyage time efficiency and performance

Containerships have increased in size, thereby increasing in voyage time and the number of calling ports per voyage. The paper analyzes the impact of the increase in containership size on voyage time management. The authors developed a new and simple concept and standardized method, Baseline Sea Time (BST), that measures voyage time efficiency. BST is the sea time between the first and last ports of call in a service loop, calculated by using standard distance between the two ports divided by average vessel speed. Using BST, the time spent on transit for multiple ports, harbor waiting, and port time is redefined and used to develop new standardized ratios/indicators to calculate voyage time utilization efficiency. Using an illustration, the study finds that calling multiple ports is equivalent to an additional 25.5% of voyage baseline time compared to a shuttle service. The cargo between the first and last ports of call spends an additional 63.8% of the voyage time staying on board when compared to a shuttle service. The new BST tools provide new prospects for analysis, comparison, policymaking, asset utilization, and voyage planning.

Supply and Demand Scenarios for Tamil Nadu’s Electricity Mix to 2030: Implications for the State’s Energy Transition

This paper discusses combination of demand and supply scenarios to help utility planners visualize implications of varying trends on Tamil Nadu's suitable energy mix and plan for state's energy future until 2030.

Admittance Matrix Validation for Power Distribution System Models Using a Networked Equipment Model Framework

The evolving nature of electric power distribution systems is motivating the development of advanced applications for utility planning, operation, management, and control. These model-based applications interact with multiple subsystems within software platforms referred to as advanced distribution management systems. Recently, the Common Information Model has been used to enable data model standardization across several entities. Model fidelity is the key to the development of leading-edge, scalable model-based algorithms and assessment of emerging technologies such as distributed energy resources for grid planning and operation. However, distribution system models are error-prone and model validation is challenging due to: (1) the need for considerable time and effort to maintain the network models, (2) update delays due to the evolving nature of the real-world systems that models are derived from, and (3) inevitable human errors in the process which are difficult to detect. In this paper, we extend a model validation application from our prior work referred to as the Model Validator to derive and validate a system admittance matrix using the Common Information Model. First, we introduce different modules for computing device-level primitive admittance matrices from Common Information Model parameters. These individual primitive admittance matrices are then used to validate corresponding entries in a full system admittance matrix. In addition, we validate the overall system admittance matrix by checking for gaps in coverage or extra elements that are not expected. The proposed approach checks the validity of each piece of network model equipment separately and identifies inconsistencies between Common Information Model parameters and the system admittance matrix at the device level. Furthermore, where devices can be specified using different combinations of Common Information Model parameters, each parameter combination is validated separately. This breakdown can help distribution engineers more efficiently apply root cause analysis for inconsistencies. The Model Validator application is implemented on top of GridAPPS-D, an open-source standards-based platform for advanced distribution management system application development. The effectiveness of the proposed application is demonstrated on six different test cases: four IEEE feeders, the Electric Power Research Institute J1 circuit, and a taxonomy feeder.

스포츠산업 분야의 3D 프린팅 기술 활용 사례 및 발전방안에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cases of 3D printing technology in the sport industry and to suggest development plans. The cases of sport 3D printing products were categorized into four areas(elite sports, leisure sports, disabled sports, and sports brands), and representative examples were introduced in each area. In the elite sports field, customized grips and sporting goods for improving player’s performance were being produced with 3D printing technology. In the field of leisure sports, there were many products for high-involvement sports consumers such as golf putters and surfing boards. In case of disabled sports, assistive devices and sporting goods were developed to overcome physical disabilities. Last, Sports brands focused on developing new designs and materials with high functionality and price competitiveness. Additionally, 3D printing utilization and development plans were discussed in the sport industry.

대학생의 온라인 게임 속 비도덕적 행동의 의미

The purpose of this study is to analyze the unethical behavior by university students while playing online games in order to present theoretical framework and explore specific alternatives. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews and participation observations with eight university students who had been sanctioned for immoral acts at least three times while playing online games in D city, and the data were analyzed using the grounded theory analysis method. As a result, 63 concepts, 21 subcategories, and nine top categories were derived. Based on numerous failures, individual characteristics of university students, and online space characteristics, the core categories of unethical behavior processes and types in online games were described as “indiscriminate antisociality”, “pessimistic dominance” and “lack of self-control”. One of the causes of unethical behavior of university students while playing online games is the personal dominance over cyberspace in online games. And university students’ frequent experiences of failure create dissatisfaction and anger with the environment and little pleasure from success. Whether university students behave unethical or not depends on the relationship with their teammates when playing online games. At last, it can be said that unethical behaviors are based on the online game player’s “creation and loss of self-efficacy in the game”. It is not required to unconditionally pressure them not to play games, but to prepare a balanced online game utilization plan and appropriate countermeasures against players’ unethical behavior.

Study on Legal and Institutional Measures for the Strengthening of DEFENSE SPACE POWER

Purpose: In preparation for the great security threats surrounding the Korean Peninsula, it is urgent to estab-lish defense space capabilities to acquire prior information and secure precise response capabilities. It is also urgently necessary to establish a military utilization plan for the Korean-style independent navigation satellite, which is reflected in the mid-to-long-term national space development plan. Method: This study used the following research method. First, I predicted the importance of space in defense and the aspect of space war. In addition, it analyzed the trend of strengthening the defense space of countries around the world and derived implications for strengthening Korea s defense space. Based on this, the revision of the law and the improvement of the system were proposed to strengthen Korea s defense space. Results: Revision of Laws and Regulations for Strengthening National Defense Space. The amendment of the Space Development Promotion Act should be made as soon as possible. It is to establish a legal basis for the military to pursue space development on its own. The first option is to enact a law to strengthen the defense space force(special law). The second plan is to revise the current Space Development Promotion Act , add and strengthen security-related clauses. Korea s Defense Space Strategy Development Direction is to strengthen co-operation with advanced countries including the United States for space security, effectively responding to space threats and space risks, and strengthening civil-military space cooperation. Conclusion: While first pushing for the enactment of a special law through the legislation of lawmakers, it will be appropriate to insert and revise provisions related to defense space in the current laws(such as the Space Development Promotion Act, the Defense Business Act, the Armed Forces Organization Act, the Aerospace Indus-try Promotion Act, etc.). It is necessary to give the defense minister full authority on issues related to defense space, and on the other hand, it is reasonable to carry out legislative activities in a way that does not go against the cause of peaceful use of the international community. In addition, efforts should be made to expand sys-tems and organizations to strengthen the defense space and train experts.

위드코로나 시대 전시산업 발전방안

This study aims to diagnose the current state of the Korean exhibition industry in preparation for the with-corona and post-corona era and to propose a plan for the sustainable development of the exhibition industry and strengthening of global competitiveness by collecting industry opinions. It was conducted three times FGI(Focus Group Interview) from October 28, to November 2, 2021 for exhibition industry experts. It was intended to establish the tasks and roles of the Exhibition Industry in terms of the government(Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy), Association of Korean Exhibition Industry, each exhibition industry business group(Associations), and individual exhibition industry business operators. First, the government(Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) should be to perform a role established an integrated network to respond to crises and develop standard manuals and Secondly, at the association of Korean Exhibition Industry, digital and intelligent technology exhibition utilization plan establishment and 8 more. Third, each exhibition industry business group should be play a role more. Fourthly, at the level of individual exhibitors, it is necessary to enhance the competitiveness of individual exhibitors and to expand the wage system and incentives in the poor exhibition industry.

Distribution grid impacts of electric vehicles: A California case study

SummaryCalifornia has adopted a substantial number of electric vehicles over the last decade but there are many challenges associated with the electrification of vehicles, including how they interact with the electricity grid. We employ real-world feeder circuit level data in California from PG&E to measure the capacity of local feeders. We model the adoption of electric vehicles down to the census block and take advantage of real-world vehicle charging data to simulate the future loading on circuits throughout Northern California. In our highest adoption scenario of 6 million electric vehicles in California, we find that across PG&E's service territory, 443 circuits will require upgrades (nearly 20% of all circuits) and merely 88 of these feeders have planned upgrades in the future. The costs of these feeders are an essential part of a utility's planning process, and this work speaks to the importance of electric vehicles on local distribution networks.

Factors Influencing Implementation of Blood Transfusion Recommendations in Pediatric Critical Care Units

Purpose: Risks of red blood cell transfusion may outweigh benefits for many patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). The Transfusion and Anemia eXpertise Initiative (TAXI) recommendations seek to limit unnecessary and potentially harmful transfusions, but use has been variable. We sought to identify barriers and facilitators to using the TAXI recommendations to inform implementation efforts.Materials and Methods: The integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (iPARIHS) framework guided semi-structured interviews conducted in 8 U.S. ICUs; 50 providers in multiple ICU roles completed interviews. Adapted Framework analysis, a form of content analysis, used the iPARIHS innovation, recipient, context and facilitation constructs and subconstructs to categorize data and identify patterns as well as unique informative statements.Results: Providers perceived that the TAXI recommendations would reduce transfusion rates and practice variability, but adoption faced challenges posed by attitudes around transfusion and care in busy and complex units. Development of widespread buy-in and inclusion in implementation, integration into workflow, designating committed champions, and monitoring outcomes data were expected to enhance implementation.Conclusions: Targeted activities to create buy-in, educate, and plan for use are necessary for TAXI implementation. Recognition of contextual challenges posed by the PICU environment and an approach that adjusts for barriers may optimize adoption.

Transmission Dynamics and Short-Term Forecasts of COVID-19: Nepal 2020/2021.

Nepal was hard hit by a second wave of COVID-19 from April-May 2021. We investigated the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 at the national and provincial levels by using data on laboratory-confirmed RT-PCR positive cases from the official national situation reports. We performed 8 week-to-week sequential forecasts of 10-days and 20-days at national level using three dynamic phenomenological growth models from 5 March 2021-22 May 2021. We also estimated effective and instantaneous reproduction numbers at national and provincial levels using established methods and evaluated the mobility trends using Google's mobility data. Our forecast estimates indicated a declining trend of COVID-19 cases in Nepal as of June 2021. Sub-epidemic and Richards models provided reasonable short-term projections of COVID-19 cases based on standard performance metrics. There was a linear pattern in the trajectory of COVID-19 incidence during the first wave (deceleration of growth parameter (p) = 0.41-0.43, reproduction number (Rt) at 1.1 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.2)), and a sub-exponential growth pattern in the second wave (p = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.64)) and Rt at 1.3 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.3)). Across provinces, Rt ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 during the early growth phase of the second wave. The instantaneous Rt fluctuated around 1.0 since January 2021 indicating well sustained transmission. The peak in mobility across different areas coincided with an increasing incidence trend of COVID-19. In conclusion, we found that the sub-epidemic and Richards models yielded reasonable short-terms projections of the COVID-19 trajectory in Nepal, which are useful for healthcare utilization planning.

P-OGC53 Dashboarding for real-time analysis of oesophagogastric outcomes data

Abstract Background The typical paradigm for surgical service evaluation is intermittent audit based on perceived clinical need and mandated requirements. A better model would be monitoring patient outcomes automatically in real-time, with up-to-date cumulative frequencies of key surgical performance indicators such as surgical quality and morbidity, as changes in performance could be detected and reacted to at an earlier stage. This study aimed to develop a dashboarding technology to support real-time visualisation of prospectively maintained oesophagogastric cancer surgery data. Methods CODA is a bespoke databank (implemented in MS SQL Server, with HTML, C# and JavaScript) for oesophagogastric cancer care at our centre. We built on a custom dashboard interface for displaying this information in real-time, using Shiny for R and Tableau. We identified the key performance indicators (KPIs) to monitor in the dashboard, and defined benchmarks based on accepted standards, or our prevailing performance (based on 448 consecutive patients who underwent oesophagectomy between 2015 – 2020). The domains selected were surgical quality, length of stay, early mortality, and priority complications. Complications were defined according to the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group. Results For surgical quality, our benchmarks based on prevailing performance were (i) >90% >15 lymph node yield (ii) <2-5% longitudinal R1 (iii) <20-30% CRM R1. For length of stay, our benchmarks were (i) >33% meeting 8 day discharge target (ii) <15% missing target discharge without a medical complication (iii) <20% staying longer than two weeks. For 30 & 90 day mortality, our benchmarks were 2% and 4% respectively. For complications, two sets were identified: (i) common complications (occurring at > 2 / year, monitored 2-yearly) (ii) impactful complications (>1 / year, >1 week median additional stay, monitored 5-yearly) Conclusions The CODA dashboard provides real-time appraisal of oesophagogastric cancer surgery practice, highlighting changes in performance and providing opportunity for early intervention. The platform can be used for personal, departmental or inter-institutional service evaluation. The KPIs will be extended to oesophagogastric cancer survival as the test set matures. The interface and wider benefits of CODA implementation are presented, together with the dissemination plan for use in other oesophagogastric centres.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Plus Battery Power Plant

Decarbonizing the global power sector is a key requirement to fight climate change. Consequently, the deployment of renewable energy (RE) technologies, notably solar photovoltaic (PV), is proceeding rapidly in many regions. However, in many of these regions, the evening peak is predominantly being served by fossil-fired generators. Furthermore, as the evening peak is projected to increase in the coming years, there are plans to install more fossil-fired peaking generators. A cleaner alternative is to enable solar PV plants to provide clean power after sunset by pairing them with large-scale lithium-ion batteries to provide evening peak generation. In this work, we performed a techno-economic analysis of a solar PV plus battery (PVB) power plant using the island of Mauritius as a case study. We assessed the impacts of the battery size, inverter loading ratio (ILR), tracking type, and curtailment on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The main results show that the LCOE of utility-scale PVB systems are comparable to that of fossil-fired peaking generators for this case study. Tracking was shown to exacerbate the clipping loss problem and its benefits on LCOE reduction decrease as the ILR increases. The availability of the PVB system to serve the evening peak was found to be high. The curtailment analysis also showed that planners must not rely solely on storage, but rather should also improve grid flexibility to keep PVB integration affordable. Overall, the practical insights generated will be useful to utility planners in charting their generation expansion strategy.

112. Prescriber Perceptions on Utilization of the Antibiotic Self-Stewardship Time Out Program (SSTOP) at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMC): A Strategy for Improved Antibiotic Use

BackgroundEvidence is lacking on how to implement effective and sustainable antibiotic stewardship strategies. The Antibiotic Self-Stewardship Time Out Program (SSTOP) evaluated the implementation at VAMCs of an “Antibiotic Timeout” 3 days after the initiation of antibiotics to encourage providers to review continued use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. MethodsSites launched the SSTOP note templates in a rolling fashion from June 2019-March 2020. Clinical pharmacists largely drove the implementation. The vancomycin note template was implemented at 6 of 8 sites and the antipseudomonal note template across 4 of 8 sites. Two sites were unable to launch the note templates due to lack of resources, however they utilized SSTOP principles/guided tools. From Sept 2019-Nov 2020 we conducted post-launch qualitative interviews with Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) champions involved in implementation across the 8 VAMCs. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for thematic content.ResultsFeedback from ASP providers suggests prescribers had mixed reviews on the note template, but overall liked the process and deemed it to be straightforward. Many valued the algorithm, indicating it was helpful in both thinking about antibiotics prior to initiation, and identification of appropriate antibiotics. Barriers included staffing (e.g., rotating residents/turnover), surgery service, information technology (IT) support, COVID-19, and the need to remind providers to use the template. Facilitators consisted of strong stewardship, local champions (e.g., ID Fellow), medicine service, and SSTOP data feedback reports. Recommendations largely centered on improvements to the note template usability and to SSTOP feedback reports (e.g., inclusion of patient/provider-level data).ConclusionOverall, the SSTOP note templates were considered acceptable and straightforward. By guiding providers to prescribe more appropriate antibiotics, they act as influencers for practice change, and may strengthen provider/ASP relations. Plans for continued utilization of the note templates after the project concludes suggest SSTOP may serve as a way to achieve sustainable promotion of antibiotic use improvements. Disclosures Matthew B. Goetz, MD, Nothing to disclose

Analisis Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang Untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Penataan Ruang Bagi Pemerintahan Daerah Di Indonesia

At present, the issue of environmental and spatial use only concerns the upper class without paying attention to AMDAL, the Regional Government as the holder of responsibility in the respective provinces and districts / cities must uphold the 1945 Constitution Article 33 paragraph (3) as a reference for the creation utilization and good spatial planning. Regional apparatuses are accountable to the Regional Head in the framework of administering governance in the regions. Regional government institutions have an important position in the Indonesian state government system. Therefore, it is necessary to know how the structure and function of these regional government institutions because as citizens we have an obligation to participate in overseeing the running of government, especially our own regional government. Moreover, at this time the regions already have autonomy so that regional government institutions have a really important position in the implementation of regional government activities. The conclusion of this article is that it is hoped that the analysis of Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning can be a factor in the application of the concept of good spatial planning in every regional government in Indonesia.

Integrated Planning of Operational Maintenance Programs for Water and Gas Distribution Networks

Drinking water and natural gas are essential goods provided by municipal distribution networks. In order for there to be a reliable provision of such commodities, infrastructure managers must regularly dispatch vehicles to perform tasks such as valve and hydrant inspections and meter replacements. As public concerns about sustainability grow, managers must look for ways to reduce carbon emissions. This, however, should be done without jeopardizing service. One conceivable approach is to train staff to perform additional maintenance tasks so that combined work packages can be carried out. This would require resources to be spent in different areas, such as supplemental worker training and organizational restructuring of the utility. Infrastructure managers must thus weigh the expected efficiency gains against the associated costs. The infrastructure asset management process combined with digitalization are powerful tools to assess such questions. Unfortunately, digitalization in the infrastructure sector lags behind other sectors of the economy. To bridge this gap, real-world examples are needed to further spur adoption. This paper addresses this need with a methodology and case study for infrastructure managers of water and gas networks. Specifically, this paper presents a methodology to quantify the resource requirements of operational maintenance programs for a large municipality. As utilities plan maintenance routes differently, four algorithms are used to model the resource requirements of the status quo. The effect of prioritization as well as frequency of inspections/replacements is considered.

시스템요구사항을 통한 아키텍처 기반의 비용데이터 추천 모델 사례 개발 : 구축함·호위함·초계함을 중심으로

In the weapon system requirement planning and concept phase, in order to secure an appropriate budget for project promotion of the weapon system to be developed, the total cost should be estimated based on the data of similar weapon systems. However, Similar systems information and cost data at this phase, the environment and institutional support for systematically managing and accumulating information generated during the process of weapon system development, production, operating and maintenance are insufficient. Currently advanced countries are trying to minimize the shortage of information by using a ace-based reasoning model equipped with a database. However there is a lack of accumulated weapon system cases, and it is necessary to check whether it can be used in the domestic weapon system R&D process. Therefore, In this paper presents a domestic utilization plan of CostIQ and CBR model used in the process of R&D of overseas weapon systems. we verified whether information and cost data of similar systems were appropriately recommended only by the desgin and performance requirements of the development target system.

Major US electric utility climate pledges have the potential to collectively reduce power sector emissions by one-third

Major US electric utility climate pledges have the potential to collectively reduce power sector emissions by one-third