Abstract: The present day concept of automation has increased the use of compressed air in every field of industrial life. To design double acting gas compressor with an intention to provide the operating pressure required for less time taken by single acting compressor to generate the same pressure of compressor. Basic components of double acting reciprocating gas compressor are designed. In this paper the process of reciprocating gas compressor from raw stage to the analyticalstage had been explained. In these process firstly to check the standard data and as per standard data the design calculation is being proceed. The aim of this topic is to know the effect on piston, connecting rod, piston head, and piston rod, guide way and may other components. We have limited standard bore size diameter reciprocating gas compressor cylinder so to get various bore size diameter for various place and for various uses for that reason to develop the compact size reciprocating gas compressor cylinder. So to get the proper results as per standarddata book need many research papers, books, and data so that it can be very helpful for designing and developing compact size reciprocating gas compressor cylinder. While designing the reciprocating cylinder one thing should be considered that is the capacity of gas tank should be measured, the standard cubic meter per hour (SCMH) should be known and to find out the SCMH valve we have to know the stroke length of reciprocating gas compressor. It means that for designing and making compressor firstly know the duty cycle and SCMH of reciprocating compressor. Keywords: Reciprocating Compressor, Natural Gas, Square Engine, Positive-displacement, Double-acting, Compressed gas