Physical Activity In Adults Research Articles

Overweight and obesity can be caused by lack of physical activity and an imbalance in energy intake and energy expenditure, which can lead to excess energy which will be stored in the form of fat tissue in the body. Efforts to improve healthy lifestyles can be done with nutritional education. Technological developments can provide opportunities to increase telehealth activities in Indonesia, one of which is tele-nutrition. This study aims to determine the effect of tele-nutrition education on changes in percent fat, cholesterol and physical activity in overweight adults. This research uses a pre-test post-test control group design. A total of 46 adult respondents aged 19-49 years. Both groups were first given an initial test (pre-test) with the same test. Then the experimental group was given special treatment, namely tele-nutrition-based nutrition education, while the control group was given direct leaflet-based nutrition education treatment. Data analysis was used using the Paired T Test and Wilcoxon Test. Based on the results of the analysis, there was no effect on body fat percentage before and after being given nutritional education in the experimental group and control group (p>0.05). There was an effect on cholesterol levels and physical activity before and after being given nutrition education in the experimental group, while in the control group there was no effect on cholesterol levels and physical activity before and after being given nutrition education (p<0.05). Keywords: cholesterol levels, percent body fat, physical activity, tele-nutrition education

The interplay between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) significantly influences cognitive health in older adults, with executive functions (EFs) being particularly vulnerable to lifestyle factors. However, previous research on older adults focused mainly on PA and is limited due to the lack of comprehensive consideration of other factors that influence EFs. Current guidelines suggest an association between sedentary behavior (SB) and EFs, yet few studies have examined the combined effects of PA and SB on EFs. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between PA, SB, and EFs in older adults. A total of 116healthy older adults aged ≥65 years were recruited and categorized into four groups based on activity lifestyles: higher PA and higher SB (PHSH); higher PA and lower SB (PHSL); lower PA and higher SB (PLSH); and lower PA and lower SB (PLSL). EFs were assessed using the Tower of London (TOL) task and the Stroop test, which measure high-order EFs (planning and problem-solving) and core EFs (inhibitory control), respectively. The PHSL group performed better on the TOL task, with lower total move scores and shorter total problem-solving times, compared to the PLSH group. The total move score of the PLSL group was better, and the total problem-solving time of the PHSH group was shorter than those of the PLSH group. However, the Stroop test scores did not differ between the four groups. These findings suggest that increasing PA or reducing SB selectively enhances executive functions, particularly in planning and problem-solving, while less impacting inhibitory control in older adults. This highlights the importance of considering the nuanced effects of PA and SB on different aspects of executing functioning in older adults.

BackgroundDespite the well-known benefits of physical activity (PA), non-communicable disease and premature mortality rates among adults continue to rise. The relationship between adults’ goals and exercise-specific motivation on the type of PA intensity one engages remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify physical activity (PA) profiles based on frequency and intensity (i.e., levels of PA) in an adult sample. A secondary purpose was to examine how the PA profiles differ on the reasons people have for exercising and behavioral regulation.MethodsA Cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,169 (46.8 ± 16.7 years) participants solicited from a hospital-affiliated wellness center, social media promotions, and a research volunteer registry. The International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine frequency, intensity, and time spent engaging in PA. Additionally, the Reasons to Exercise (REX-2) scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3), and demographics were assessed. K-cluster analyses were performed to identify profiles based on PA levels using the IPAQ guidelines. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess profile differences.ResultsFive distinct PA clusters were derived, and defined as: a Low, Walking, Moderate Intensity, High Intensity, and Sitting cluster (p < .001). These clusters differed significantly (p < .001) from each other with respect to motivation, the reasons adults have for exercise, and PA levels.ConclusionThe results from this study support the important role of psychological factors such as motivation and reasons for exercise on behavioral outcomes (i.e., physical activity). For future research investigating adults PA- related behaviors, whether it be on adults starting a new exercise program or for PA maintenance, it may be beneficial to develop programs that encourage participants to reflect on the reasons they identify as important for exercising, and how such reasons contribute to their overall PA engagement behaviors.

Abstract Background Mobile health (mHealth) interventions with virtual coaches (i.e. AI conversational agents) offer scalable and cost-effective solutions for health behavior change. We developed Perfect Fit, an mHealth intervention with a virtual coach providing personalized feedback to promote smoking cessation and physical activity simultaneously. Through innovative techniques (e.g. sensor technology) and iterative development involving end-users, we aim to overcome challenges faced by mHealth interventions, like insufficient personalization. This study examines Perfect Fit’s feasibility and acceptability. Methods A single-arm, mixed-method, real-world evaluation study was conducted with 100 adult smokers in the Netherlands. The intervention lasted approximately 16 weeks. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Quantitative data included usage data and self-report questionnaires on feasibility, acceptability and participant characteristics (e.g. eHealth literacy). Qualitative data included semi-structured post-intervention interviews with a subsample of 12 participants. Descriptive analyses (quantitative) and the Framework Approach (qualitative) were used for data analysis, and quantitative and qualitative data were integrated during interpretation. Preliminary results Participants adapted the use of Perfect Fit to their preferences. Many participants were satisfied with the content but missed variations in conversations with the virtual coach. The coach offered anonymity, positively experienced by some (e.g. non-judgemental), but negatively by others (e.g. lower accountability). Many participants liked the combination of smoking cessation and physical activity enhancement. Conclusions Findings show the potential of interventions like Perfect Fit as a multiple health behavior change strategy in promoting public health and preventing chronic disease. Findings can inform intervention development and identify methods to foster feasibility and acceptability. Key messages • mHealth interventions with virtual coaches, like Perfect Fit, could promote public health. • Targeting multiple behaviors, like low physical activity and smoking, simultaneously seems beneficial.

Abstract Background Engaging in physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence can promote lifelong healthy habits and improve overall health. Physically active parents could play a key role in influencing the sons’ and daughters’ PA. The study aimed to evaluate the levels of PA among children and adolescents and to investigate the possible relationship with PA levels of parents. Methods This cross-sectional study involved a random sample of parents of a son/daughter aged 5 to 17 years in the Southern part of Italy. Data were collected through an anonymous self-administered questionnaire designed to retrieve i) sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric data, ii) parent’s knowledge about the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines (GL) about PA, iii) levels of PA of son/daughter and parent. Results Preliminary findings refer to a sample of 230 parents, of whom, 52.2% were women with a mean age of 38.6 (SD ± 6.8) years. The vast majority of the sample was employed (79.6%) and married (89.1%). Less than half (48.7%) were knowledgeable about WHO’s GLs for PA both in adults (52.6%) and children/adolescents (74.8%). Almost two-thirds (63%) of parents practised PA according to WHO’s GLs. Among sons/daughters, 44.4% practised PA according to WHO’s GLs. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that sons/daughters of physically active parents had higher odds of practising PA according to WHO’s GLs (OR:6.48, 95%CI:3.29-12.79). Similarly, those with parents knowledgeable about WHO’s GLs for PA (OR:3.19, 95%CI:1.75-5.83) were more likely to practise PA according to WHO’s GLs. Conclusions Preliminary results reveal a lack of compliance with WHO’s GL on PA, especially among children and adolescents. This is of concern since it is linked to negative health outcomes in the future. The figure that sons/daughters of active parents had a higher likelihood of being active highlights that public health organizations should prioritise family-based interventions for PA. Key messages • Almost one-third of adults and more than half of the children and adolescents in the sample did not comply with WHO’s recommendations for physical activity. • Sons and daughters of physically active parents are more likely to be active, prompting the need for family-based public health intervention to promote physical activity.

ABSTRACT Purpose Regular physical activity is essential for healthy aging. Less than 25% of older U.S. adults meet physical activity recommendations. The primary aim of Texas Dance for Health (D4H) was to determine whether older adults could achieve recommended aerobic physical activity intensity by dancing. Secondary aims were (1) determining participants’ attendance and enjoyment and (2) building a community-academic partnership. Design RE-AIM was the design framework for this mixed methods, nurse-facilitated, 8-week pilot study in the Spring of 2023. Weekly sessions comprised check-in, mini-lessons, dancing, and data collection. Participants danced sitting, standing, or both. Methods We divided each participant's pulse rate by maximum aerobic capacity to determine weekly activity intensity. Participants completed Physical Activity Enjoyment and Rating of Perceived Exertion scales after each session. Nurses collected attendance data and facilitated Table Talks (Weeks 4 and 8) to explore participants’ enjoyment and solicit feedback for improving and sustaining Dance for Health (D4H). Observations and field notes provided data regarding time, cost, logistics, and overall feasibility. Findings Across eight weeks, 68 to 84% of participants reached target heart rates. Nearly one-quarter of participants attended all sessions, with 65.7% attending > 5 sessions. At Week 8, the mean enjoyment score was 6.7 of 7. No adverse consequences occurred. Partners and participants identified strategies for sustainability. Conclusions D4H was an enjoyable way for older adults to reach recommended aerobic physical activity intensity. Feasible in costs and logistics, D4H design addressed key barriers to older adult physical activity. Clinical Evidence Dancing is an effective multicomponent fitness intervention for community dwelling older adults.

BackgroundMindfulness improves well-being, improves emotional regulation, reduces impulses to eat, and is linked to increased physical activity. Mindfulness interventions usually focus on 1 aspect but do not offer an approach to holistically improving lifestyle.ObjectiveThis study aims to address this gap by designing and evaluating a holistic mindfulness intervention.MethodsCommitting to a 12-week intervention with 2-hour sessions without knowing whether you will enjoy it can be a hindrance for someone completely unfamiliar with mindfulness. For this reason, we decided to design a mindfulness intervention with short sessions over a reduced number of weeks. The aim is to enable novices to discover different aspects of mindfulness while at the same time offering a satisfactory practice for people who are already practicing mindfulness. We designed and evaluated a web-based mindfulness intervention in 5 sessions of 5 to 10 minutes each on well-being, diet, and physical activity to support a healthier lifestyle. The first 2 sessions focus on formal mindfulness meditation to enable novices to discover mindfulness and its main principles. Then there are 2 sessions about food. The first session about food aims to develop a sense of satisfaction with the food we eat and to focus our attention on new sensations. The second session about food aims to develop the ability to resist the lure of unhealthy foods. Finally, there is a session on physical activity. The aim is to develop a particular awareness of the body during movement, to increase satisfaction with physical activity, and to develop regular exercise.ResultsIn total, 32 participants completed the intervention. After the intervention, we observed decreases in negative affect, anxiety, and emotional distress, and an increase in dispositional mindfulness. There was no effect on reported healthy eating habits and physical activity habits. Few participants repeated the exercises as recommended. The majority of our participants were new to mindfulness. The majority of our participants reported being satisfied with the different sessions. A few minor difficulties were mentioned, mainly related to the environment in which the participants carried out the sessions. Only 1 session was less satisfactory for one-third of the participants. The session on resistance to unhealthy foods was formulated too strictly and the idea of banning certain foods was a hindrance for one-third of the participants. A reformulation is needed.ConclusionsThe mindfulness exercises were well accepted and promoted a state of mindfulness. It would be interesting to provide easier technical access to the exercises via a mobile app so that they can be repeated easily.

To analyze the association between different domains and intensities of physical activity (PA) in adults. 269 participants were randomly selected in a community-dwelling representative sampling process. The habitual PA practice was assessed in different domains (occupational, sports practice, and leisure time/commuting) using Baecke's questionnaire and in different intensities (light, moderate, vigorous, and very vigorous) by accelerometry. Linear regression models analyzed the association between variables. Moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA was positively associated with the three PA domain scores. Vigorous PA was associated with sports practice and leisure time/commuting PA. Only sports practice was associated with very vigorous-intensity PA (β = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.29; 2.35). Different associations were observed in stratified analyses according to sex and age groups. Men and younger participants showed an association of domain scores with higher intensity PA than their counterparts. The findings suggest that higher intensities of PA were observed primarily in leisure time/commuting PA and sports practice, and this association varied according to sex and age.

Background: To date, no studies have evaluated the reliability and/or validity of methods for measuring physical activity (PA) in free-living conditions within the Syrian population.Methods: This study compared estimates of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) obtained from the ActiGraph WGT3X-TB (AG) accelerometer and the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH). Forty-five adults (13 men and 32 women, mean age 36.9 ±8.3 years) completed the SQUASH twice, with a 45-day interval between administrations. Time spent in low, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated using the SQUASH and AG accelerometer data. Reliability was assessed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient between the PA items scores. Bland-Altman analysis was also performed. The validity of the SQUASH was determined using the AG accelerometer as the reference method.Results: PA levels were systematically higher when measured by the SQUASH compared to the AG accelerometer. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the overall SQUASH reproducibility was 0.64. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the calculated total activity score from the SQUASH and the AG accelerometer was 0.31, indicating moderate reliability and validity of the SQUASH.Conclusion: Given its simplicity, brevity, ease of use, and low cost, the SQUASH appears to be a suitable method for monitoring PA in Syrian adults. Further strengthening of the validity scores may be possible by providing more detailed information on the types of activities included in the questionnaire.

Participating in recommended levels of physical activity (PA) is critical for preventing functional decline, falls, and frailty, making it essential to identify older adults not meeting national PA guidelines. However, guidance on assessing older adult PA levels, particularly in clinical settings, is lacking. This article presents an overview of clinically feasible PA assessment tools for older adults, identifies gaps in current tools, and provides recommendations on addressing these gaps. We conducted a literature review on clinically feasible PA assessment tools, suggested modifications to an existing PA assessment for older adult patients, and highlighted opportunities for integrating the modified PA assessment tool in clinical settings. We identified 16 PA assessment tools used in clinical settings. The most widely used tool is the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS), which has been successfully integrated into several electronic health records (EHR) and clinical practices. Most tools, including the PAVS, primarily focus on aerobic activities, with limited consideration for strength and balance. We recommend the use of a Modified PAVS for Older Adults that includes items on muscle-strengthening and balance activities to better align with national PA guidelines. We then identified several existing opportunities for broad implementation of the Modified PAVS for Older Adults within clinical settings. Widespread integration of the Modified PAVS for Older Adults will better support healthcare providers in identifying individuals not meeting national PA recommendations, assisting them in prescribing tailored PA prescriptions and better connecting their patients to appropriate resources and professionals for further support.

216P A questionnaire-based investigation into levels physical disability and of physical activity in adults with neuromuscular disease in a UK neuromuscular centre

A randomised controlled trial of interventions to promote adoption of physical activity in adults with severe mental illness

Despite its well-documented physical and psychosocial benefits, sport remains the least engaged form of physical activity (PA) among adults. Many adults may lack the skills needed to play or continue to play sports and aging adults are more likely to avoid participation for fear of poor performance or injury. A sport that shows great promise for adults seeking new sports participation outlets is curling. Curling is a team sport comprised of four interchangeable positions working collectively to deliver granite stones across a sheet of ice in an effort to outscore the opponent team. While it seems reasonable that walking on ice, “throwing” a 44 lb granite stone across a sheet of ice, and periodically sweeping while walking on ice over a two-hour period would generate at least a moderate amount of physical activity, research to date is quite limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to objectively measure the amount and intensity of PA achieved by average recreational curling participants during a typical curling match. Methods Members of a curling club in NC were asked to wear Actigraph Accelerometers (model GT3X) while they participated in their regularly scheduled curling match. All participants had at least one year of curling experience. Curling matches lasted between 90 and 120 minutes. Participants were asked to indicate their age, gender, and curling position during the match (lead, second, vice, skip) which were matched with accelerometer data. Results Overall, 110 participants (37 female, 73 male, avg. age 50 yrs) spent most of their curling time in light or moderate-intensity activity (18.1% Sedentary; 49.5% light; 32.4% moderate; .03% vigorous). In terms of minutes, the average participant spent 35.9 minutes engaged in Moderate-to-Vigorous PA (MVPA) per curling experience. This represents 23.9% of the weekly 150min of MVPA suggested by the CDC. The second position had the highest percentage of moderate activity level and a small percentage of vigorous activity. No other position reached a vigorous level. The skip position had the highest amount of sedentary activity as well as light activity. Females had a higher level of moderate activity in comparison to males. However, males reached a small amount of vigorous activity. The age group of 18 - 36 had the highest amount of moderate activity and the lowest amount of sedentary activity. This age group reached an average of 41.0 minutes of MVPA per curling experience. The age group of &gt; 58 had the highest amount of sedentary activity and the lowest amount of moderate activity. Conclusions Curling may be a good sports participation option for adults looking for alternatives to meet recommended weekly amounts of MVPA. Participants should consider playing in one of the first three positions to maximize the amount and intensity of PA achieved while playing. Furthermore, since curling also requires balance, coordination, muscular strength, multitasking, strategic reasoning, and can cater to most physical challenges without compromising the integrity of the game, it may be an ideal sport to promote for adults of all ages and sport abilities. Implications for Practice and Policy Findings should be used to inform strategies for promoting curling as an opportunity for team sport involvement that has the added value of contributing to daily physical activity. However, , access and opportunities to play, especially for underserved populations, are limited. Given that most curling clubs in America are private and require a membership to play. Partnership arrangements between existing clubs and public parks and recreation departments could increase both access and opportunities to play.

Background/Objectives: Methodologies for assessing behavior form the foundation of health promotion and disease prevention. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) assessment methodologies have predominantly been developed for adults without an intellectual disability (ID), raising credibility concerns for adults with ID. The purpose was to synthesize the current state of assessment methodologies for quantifying PA and SB volume in the free-living setting for adults with an ID. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, eleven databases were searched through December 2023, yielding 8174 records. Data were extracted in Covidence (v.2.0), obtaining quantified PA and SB volume and assessment methodology characteristics across data collection and analysis, including tool(s) and technique(s) used, preparatory actions taken, instructions provided, and behavioral strategies employed during data collection. Results: Of the 8174 articles screened, 91 met the inclusion criteria. Common metrics included minutes/hours per day/week and steps per day/week. Despite 80% of the studies using objective techniques, substantial variation existed across studies regarding wearable models, sampling frequency and epoch length settings, calibration protocols, wearable placements, and data processing techniques. Limited studies provided instructions that did not exclusively rely on spoken language. Behavioral strategies varied, including self-monitoring, providing assistance or supervision, administering questionnaires verbally, issuing reminders, and offering monetary incentives. Conclusions: This review underscores the need for greater consistency and accessibility in PA and SB assessment methodology for adults with ID. Tailored preparation, instruction, and behavioral strategies may enhance assessment viability and suitability for adults with ID, with or without caregiver or researcher involvement in the free-living setting.

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood physical activity enjoyment and current kinesiophobia among individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP), considering the mediating influence of adult physical activity.MethodsWe recruited 648 adults (474 males, 174 females) with CLBP through an online platform. Of these, 99.1% (n = 642) were aged 18–60 years, and 0.9% (n = 6) were older than 60 years. Childhood physical activity enjoyment was retrospectively assessed using a single-item question to gauge participants’ enjoyment during primary school. Kinesiophobia was measured with the 11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and physical activity was assessed focusing on walking, moderate, and vigorous physical activities. Age, sex, education, and income served as control variables in the analysis.ResultsA significant negative association was found between childhood physical activity enjoyment and adult kinesiophobia. Additionally, childhood physical activity enjoyment was positively associated with adult physical activity across the three types of physical activities. In the adjusted mediation model, walking was identified as the only statistically significant partial mediator.ConclusionThe findings highlight the long-term protective role of childhood physical activity enjoyment against the development of kinesiophobia in adulthood. Walking, in particular, holds unique therapeutic potential, emphasizing the importance of fostering physical activity enjoyment early in life for sustained physical activity and reduced risk of kinesiophobia among CLBP patients.

Association between endothelial microparticles and objectively measured physical activity in adults with obesity

PurposePeople with severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, are less physically active and more sedentary than healthy controls, contributing to poorer physical health outcomes in this population. This study aimed to test the feasibility of a multi-component behaviour change intervention aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) compared with a one-off education session in people with SMI.MethodsThe Walking fOR Health (WORtH) study was a 13-week feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) that recruited adults with SMI. Participants were randomised (2:1) to the WORtH intervention or a one-off education session. The WORtH intervention comprised an education session, a wrist-worn activity monitor and six health coaching sessions. Primary outcomes were feasibility (recruitment, retention and adherence rates) and acceptability (semi-structured interviews with participants and clinicians delivering the intervention). Secondary outcomes, including device-measured (Axivity AX3) and self-reported PA and SB, were reported descriptively.ResultsFifty-four participants (25 male:29 female; mean age 51.6 years) were recruited, representing 90% target recruitment, and 94% provided follow-up data. Adherence with all core intervention components was >80%. Qualitative feedback indicated high levels of satisfaction, particularly related to walking an acceptable form of PA and the activity tracker and coach. Valid device-measured moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), the intended primary outcome for a definitive trial, was obtained from 90% participants at baseline and 75% participants at post-intervention. Point estimates indicated a mean increase of 8.6 minutes/day of MVPA in the intervention group at post-intervention, and a mean increase of 1.0 minute/day in the control group.ConclusionsThe findings of this study support the feasibility of a multicomponent behaviour change intervention aimed at improving PA and SB in adults with SMI and will be used to optimise the design of a definitive RCT. Supporting adults with SMI to engage in and sustain PA could reduce the health disparity observed in this population.Support/Funding SourceFunding by the European Union’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body, awarded to the Health and Social Care Research & Development Division Cross-border Healthcare Intervention Trials in Ireland Network (CHITIN) programme.

PurposeTo properly align the physical activity (PA) government policy with the Dutch population, it is necessary to gain knowledge on which personal characteristics are associated with PA behaviour. Although this association was explored for each characteristic separately in previous research from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the influence of several characteristics in one model has not been investigated. The current study aims to determine which of 15 selected characteristics explain PA behaviour of Dutch adults best, and gain additional knowledge about interactions between characteristics.MethodsData of the Dutch Health Survey/Lifestyle monitor (Statistics Netherlands (CBS) in collaboration with RIVM) from 2018-2022 was used. In total, 36,838 Dutch adults (age≥18) were included. Both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted for three outcomes: adherence to Dutch PA guidelines, weekly sport participation, and weekly active transportation (walking/cycling to work/school). A selection of personal characteristics (9 demographic, 6 health-related) served as input for the regression analyses. Results of univariate and multivariable analyses were interpreted both separately and in comparison to each other.ResultsUnivariate results show significance for all characteristics in all three outcomes, except for gender in weekly sport participation. Multivariable, being married, having psychological complaints and a higher income are no longer significant for adherence to PA guidelines and active transportation. Adults with a higher age, higher education, normal body mass index, perceived health marked ‘very good’, without physical impairments, who are living extremely urbanised and do not smoke show high odds for all three outcomes.ConclusionsThe current results provide new insights into which personal characteristics are important regarding PA behaviour of Dutch adults, regardless of other characteristics a person might have. However, the explained variance of the models was very low and only a small selection of relevant characteristics for PA behaviour was included. It is recommended to include additional information in the models (e.g., environmental and motivational factors) to further explain adult PA behaviour in The Netherlands, and to adapt PA policy accordingly.Support/Funding SourceThis research was funded by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports of the Netherlands.

Self-efficacy for leisure-time or health-promoting physical activity (SEPA) is a psychosocial determinant of physical activity. The socioecological model can provide a robust perspective of SEPA. The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence on multilevel correlates of SEPA among individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The second aim examined the extent to which socioecological disparities are associated with SEPA among individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. An integrative review was conducted. Included studies needed to investigate the relationship between SEPA and socioecological factors at the interpersonal, institutional, community, and/or macrosystem level among adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (≥3months). Searches in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were performed (December 30, 2020, and October 12, 2022), yielding 4047 records after duplicates were removed. Two independent reviewers completed screening, full-text reviews, and data extraction. After title and abstract screening and full-text reviews, 17 studies were included. The constant comparison method included: data reduction, data display, data comparison, and conclusion drawing/verification. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Five themes emerged with respect to relationships between SEPA and socioecological factors: social relations, social comparisons, patient-provider relationship, organizational resources, and accessibility to physical activity. Relationships between interpersonal factors and SEPA were most prominently studied. One study examined and addressed potential disparities in SEPA at the macrosystem level. A spectrum of relationships from supporting to straining SEPA were found at the interpersonal level. Relationships between institutional, community, and macrosystem factors and SEPA were comparably sparse. Gaps in the literature were identified regarding how health disparities present across the socioecological model with respect to SEPA. Clinicians can use this review to evaluate how SEPA can be supported or threatened by factors across the socioecological model. This may be a preliminary step towards examining and addressing health disparities in SEPA.

Abstract Comparing adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines can be challenging due to the varying types of measurement and analysis methods used to quantify PA. Therefore, previous results of test–retest reliability, validity, and stability for self-reported (i.e., questionnaire and diary) and device-based measured (i.e., accelerometry with 10/60 s epochs) PA were replicated in 43 adults and 50 children from the SMARTFAMILY2.0 trial. Data were collected throughout two independent measurement weeks and descriptive values were reported and visualized. The relationships among and between all variables included during both measurement weeks for each quality criterion were analyzed using Spearman correlations, stratified by children and adults. This was done to illustrate the quality criteria, namely test–retest reliability, validity, and stability. Descriptive results showed the highest moderate and vigorous PA values for questionnaires and accelerometry showed the second highest results in moderate PA, while in vigorous PA the estimations by the diary were higher than those of accelerometry. As before, only accelerometry demonstrated preliminary evidence for reliable, valid, and stable results for both epoch lengths. Contrary to our previous findings, the diary showed higher correlation coefficients for the quality criteria than the questionnaire. Additionally, correlation coefficients were higher in moderate than in vigorous PA, and the patterns of significance differed partially between children and adults. The present results reinforce the findings and conclusions presented in the previous study and add information about PA questionnaire results in children. Comparing both studies, discrepancies exist in estimating vigorous PA in healthy adults by the Global and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.