Physical Activity In Adults Research Articles

ABSTRACT Physical literacy has been shown to relate to children’s engagement in physical activity. However, it is unclear whether this relationship extends to adults. A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted to examine whether physical literacy relates to physical activity in adults. In phase one, 225 participants reported their perceived levels of physical literacy using the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS) and their physical activity behaviours using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In phase two, 59 participants wore an accelerometer to provide a device-based assessment of physical activity before completing the PLAS. A series of bivariate regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between physical literacy and physical activity. Physical literacy was a significant predictor of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity. However, scores on the PLAS did not predict light intensity self-reported physical activity. For device-based assessment of physical activity, physical literacy was a significant predictor of MVPA, but did not predict light or total physical activity. These findings indicate that physical literacy relates to physical activity, particularly MVPA. Differences in findings between self-report and device-based assessment warrant further consideration. Future research should continue to assess the role of physical literacy across physical activity types (e.g. leisure time, work related) and intensities.

ABSTRACT Most USA adults with obesity do not meet public health guidelines for physical activity. Knowledge about various forms of self-efficacy as effective mediators of physical activity in adults with obesity is limited. The objective of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of newly proposed two-dimensional latent self-efficacy to regulate physical activity (SERPA) in predicting physical activity in adults with obesity. Data from the Well-Being and Physical Activity Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854) randomized controlled trial, which deployed the FFW intervention, were analyzed. There was evidence that latent SERPA based on social considerations (Factor 1) – and not the internal subjective evaluation of barriers (Factor 2) – was an effective determinant and mediator of the intervention’s effect on physical activity. These findings provide empirical support for the effect of self-efficacy to regulate physical activity on physical activity and have implications for developing effective physical activity-promoting interventions for adults with obesity.

The aging population is thriving worldwide, and it is critical to improve the health of older adults through physical activity (PA). Although the Internet can promote PA in older adults, limited studies have used objective tools to measure it. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of Internet use and PA levels in older adults. For this cross-sectional study, we employed convenience sampling. The participants were 172 adults aged 65 and older without cognitive impairment who could walk independently. We measured PA using a triaxial accelerometer, step counts, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). We measured Internet use via a self-report questionnaire, separated by frequency of use into high, moderate, and low or no use. We performed a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple logistic regression to examine the relationship between Internet use and PA. We included a total of 172 older adults (72.0 ± 5.5 years; 78.5% female). The group that used the Internet with moderate frequency exhibited higher daily step counts than the group that used the Internet with low frequency or not at all (moderate frequency: 7,888 steps > low frequency or no use: 6,070.6 steps). Compared to the group that used the Internet at a moderate frequency, older adults with a low frequency or those who did not use the Internet were less likely to meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding PA [odds ratio (OR): 0.242; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.077-0.751]. Older adults with a low frequency of Internet use or those who did not use the Internet (i.e., those who used the Internet less than once a week or not at all, respectively) were less likely to meet the WHO's recommended levels for PA than older adults who used the Internet with moderate frequency. The findings of this study can inform efforts to reduce age-related health risks and promote strategies for encouraging PA.

Given the limitations associated with existing treatments for Attention Deficit/Hyperactive disorder (ADHD), Physical Activity (PA) has been considered as an adjunct therapeutic option. Previous research has generally found that PA reduces ADHD symptoms in children. However, much less research has explored the same effects in adults, and especially females, with ADHD. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between PA and ADHD in adults, and whether any relationship was moderated by proxy diagnostic ADHD group, as well as exploring the roles of motivation and forms of exercise. 268 participants completed an online survey measuring proxy ADHD diagnosis; ADHD symptomatology; PA level; forms of exercise performed, and motivation for exercise. In contrast to previous research performed with child participants (which frequently found significant negative correlations), there was no significant relationship between PA level and total ADHD symptomatology in adults, but there was a significant negative correlation between PA level and inattentive ADHD symptomatology. The strength of relationship between PA level and ADHD symptomatology did not differ based on ADHD proxy diagnostic grouping; PA level based on motivation type; or PA level based on total forms of exercise performed. However, it may be that clear relationships between PA and ADHD symptomatology are not easily identifiable in adult populations when only broad, nonspecific variables/measures are used (e.g., only measuring ADHD symptoms as a continuous total score, rather than considering inattentive/hyperactive symptoms separately). Therefore, greater differentiation between ADHD symptoms and subject characteristics (such as gender) might be required to better establish potential relationships and effects in this area, and better inform any potential PA based treatments.

Given the limitations associated with existing treatments for Attention Deficit/Hyperactive disorder (ADHD), Physical Activity (PA) has been considered as an adjunct therapeutic option. Previous research has generally found that PA reduces ADHD symptoms in children. However, much less research has explored the same effects in adults, and especially females, with ADHD. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between PA and ADHD in adults, and whether any relationship was moderated by proxy diagnostic ADHD group, as well as exploring the roles of motivation and forms of exercise. 268 participants completed an online survey measuring proxy ADHD diagnosis; ADHD symptomatology; PA level; forms of exercise performed, and motivation for exercise. In contrast to previous research performed with child participants (which frequently found significant negative correlations), there was no significant relationship between PA level and total ADHD symptomatology in adults, but there was a significant negative correlation between PA level and inattentive ADHD symptomatology. The strength of relationship between PA level and ADHD symptomatology did not differ based on ADHD proxy diagnostic grouping; PA level based on motivation type; or PA level based on total forms of exercise performed. However, it may be that clear relationships between PA and ADHD symptomatology are not easily identifiable in adult populations when only broad, nonspecific variables/measures are used (e.g., only measuring ADHD symptoms as a continuous total score, rather than considering inattentive/hyperactive symptoms separately). Therefore, greater differentiation between ADHD symptoms and subject characteristics (such as gender) might be required to better establish potential relationships and effects in this area, and better inform any potential PA based treatments.

Examining the role of physical activity in older adults with epilepsy.

While physical activity (PA) is known to reduce mortality in the general population, this relationship in individuals with multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions) is unclear. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether there is a long-term association between PA levels and mortality rates over a 12-year period in adults with multimorbidity. Data were obtained from eight waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), from 28 European countries. PA levels were self-reported via computer-assisted personal interviews. Mortality during the follow-up period was assessed using data obtained from caregivers through end-of-life interview. Multimorbidity was identified based on the presence of two or more 15 self-reported chronic diseases/conditions. Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, was used to assess the association between PA level and mortality. p-values were calculated using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for continuous variables and the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test for categorical variables, stratified by PA level. The study included 9216 participants with multimorbidity (mean age 69 ± 10.1 years; 58.7% were women). Among those with multimorbidity, individuals with high PA level were significantly younger, more frequently men, less impaired in activities of daily living, less educated and less frequently obese than those with very low level of PA (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Over the 12 years of follow-up, mortality incidence was three times higher in individuals with multimorbidity and very low PA levels than those with multimorbidity and high levels of PA. After adjusting for confounders, the risk of mortality was significantly lower for participants with moderately low PA levels (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.59-0.71; p < 0.0001), moderately high PA levels (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47-0.60; p < 0.0001) and high PA levels (HR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.43-0.55; p < 0.0001) compared to those with very low PA levels. Findings from the present study suggest that people with multimorbidity who had lower levels of PA were three times more likely to die prematurely after 12 years than adults with multimorbidity and higher levels of PA at baseline. These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity in adults with multimorbidity to reduce the risk of premature mortality. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our findings. Further, intervention studies are needed to understand whether increasing levels of physical activity in this population subsequently reduces mortality risk.

Physical activity guidelines for adults with type 2 Diabetes: Systematic review.

BackgroundIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are faced with a plethora of challenges that affect their quality of life, mood, and physical and social participation. Physical activity (PA) is known to reduce inflammatory activity and enhance psychosocial health in individuals with chronic illnesses; however, there exist controversies on the role of PA in disease severity (DS), depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in SCD.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of PA in the level of DS, depression, and HRQoL in SCD and investigate mediation models among DS, depression, HRQoL, and PA in adults with SCD.MethodsA total of 385 patients with SCD (mean age 35.45 ± 12.01 years; 51.70% female) attending hematology clinics in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on DS, depression, HRQoL, and PA were assessed through modified disease severity scoring protocol, patient health questionnaire-9, 12-item short-form health survey, and international physical activity questionnaire short-form, respectively. Multiple hierarchical regression and mediation analyses were applied.ResultsThe findings show that 53.5% are physically inactive, and PA accounts for 27.50%, 18.40%, 38.80%, and 8.50% of the variance observed in DS, depression, and physical component summary (PCS-12) and mental component summary (MCS-12) of HRQoL, respectively. There was a significant mediating role of DS in the relationship between PA and depression (β = − 0.0026; LLCI − 0.0031; ULCI − 0.0022), PCS-12 (β = 0.0019; LLCI 0.0013; ULCI 0.0024), and MCS-12 (β = 0.0009; LLCI 0.0001; ULCI 0.0018). The relationship between DS and depression was mediated only through PCS-12 (β = 0.2975; LLCI 0.1825; ULCI 0.4066). Similarly, only PCS-12 significantly mediated the relationship between PA and depression (β = − 0.0021; LLCI − 0.0026; ULCI − 0.0017).ConclusionIndividuals with SCD with high levels of PA have low levels of DS and symptoms of depression and reported better HRQoL. Furthermore, patients with better HRQoL, especially physical health showed low depressive symptoms in adults with SCD. Clinicians and policymakers should consider incorporating PA assessments and interventions into the care of patients with SCD. The formulation of specific PA guidelines for patients with SCD is also warranted.

Background/Objectives: Adults with hearing loss demonstrate poorer overall health outcomes (e.g., physical health, cognitive functioning and wellbeing) and lower levels of physical activity/function compared to those without hearing loss. Hearing aids have the potential to improve cognitive and wellbeing factors, but there is a dearth of evidence on their impact on physical health outcomes. Evidence on the association between hearing aid provision and physical activity is mostly limited to cross-sectional studies. This research aimed to assess whether a study can be performed to identify whether the provision of hearing aids can improve physical activity. Methods: This study employed a preregistered observational (prospective cohort) study design of ten older adults (51-75 years) completed assessments at baseline and again at a six-week follow-up. The participants wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT9X) without feedback for the full duration of the study. Feasibility was determined using pre-defined criteria, including study drop-out, adherence to accelerometer use and willingness. A battery of health outcomes was also assessed at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Overall, this study was perceived favourably, with all participants reporting that they enjoyed taking part. Participant retention was 100%, and adherence to the wrist-worn accelerometers was "good" (70%). However, recruitment was challenging, and some participants found the accelerometers to be burdensome. Descriptive statistics for all outcome measures showed non-significant changes in the expected direction (e.g., improved physical activity, cognition and wellbeing). Although the study was well received by participants, modifications to the recruitment strategy and activity tracking procedures are necessary before future large-scale trials assessing the effectiveness of hearing aids on physical activity can be undertaken.

How negative self-perceptions of aging relate to physical activity (PA) in older adults with arthritis is unclear. We examined whether general health mediated the relationship between Awareness of Age-Related change (AARC) losses and PA. We analyzed baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a PA intervention for adults ≥60 years who self-reported PA, AARC, general health, pain, and social support. We evaluated point-biserial correlations between PA and other factors in participants with self-reported arthritis and developed a mediation model incorporating AARC losses, general health, and PA. We observed significant correlations between PA and general health, social support, and AARC losses in this physically active sample. General health mediated the effect of AARC losses on PA. While negative self-perceptions of aging were associated with less PA in older adults with arthritis, their impact was attenuated by general health. PA interventions for this population may benefit by targeting perceived general health.

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for several health outcomes. Adults born with very low birth weight (VLBW<1500g) undertake less PA than those born at term, have poorer motor abilities and may serve as a model on early life origins of PA. We therefore examined whether motor abilities mediate the association between being born with VLBW and device-measured PA. In a joint assessment of two longitudinal birth cohorts from Finland and Norway, PA was measured by two tri-axial accelerometers in 87 adults born preterm with VLBW and 109 controls born at term. We explored the mediating role of motor abilities assessed by standardized tests on the association between VLBW and device-measured PA. To do this, we examined group differences in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA and sedentary. Analyses were adjusted for cohort, age and sex. MVPA was 40.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.3 to 69.4) MET min/day lower in the VLBW group than the control group. This was in part mediated through gross motor abilities, indicated by the indirect effect on the association between VLBW and MVPA being -15.6 (95% CI: -28.5 to -5.4) MET min/day. In conclusion, adults born preterm with VLBW undertake less MVPA than controls born at term, and gross motor abilities mediate this association. Interventions targeting motor abilities should be examined as potential ways to increase PA.

Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with positive health outcomes; however, rates of regular PA are low. Positive psychology interventions are efficacious in other health contexts and may be useful for promoting regular PA. Phased development and pilot/feasibility testing of a positive psychology intervention to promote PA using the ORBIT model for behavioral treatment development. Positive psychology and PA promotion content was translated (phase 1a) and refined (phase 1b) into two 6-week, group-based treatments: Positive psychology for PA (PPPA), and a standard PA promotion comparison condition (SPA). A feasibility test (phase 2a) for PPPA only (n = 13) and piloting (phase 2b) of PPPA (n = 30) and SPA (n = 11) were conducted at local YMCAs. In phase 2a, participants attended 59% of treatment sessions, completed 92%-100% of assessments at mid-treatment, post-treatment, and one-month post-treatment, and 83.3% had clinically meaningful increases in PA. Following refinement, phase 2b PPPA participants attended an average of 73% of the treatment sessions, 90% completed assessments at mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-month post-treatment, 73% at 6-month post-treatment, and 81% had clinically meaningful increases in PA. SPA participants attended 75% of sessions, completed 58%-82% of assessments across timepoints, and 66.7% had clinically meaningful increases in PA. Across timepoints, PPPA participants reported positive changes in PA enjoyment (dppc= 0.622-0.782), and positive affect (dppc= 0.162-0.407) relative to SPA, and recommended the study to others to help increase PA (95.4%) and happiness (88.6%). This study supports the feasibility and acceptability of a positive-psychology-based, PA promotion intervention for increasing PA in low-active adults.

Physical activity (PA) is crucial for older adults' wellbeing. Digital health interventions (DHIs) are important, however a synthesis aimed at healthy community-dwelling OA is lacking. This study aims to synthesize DHIs effect on PA levels among community-dwelling 60-year-old adults or older. A systematic review was performed. DHIs using eHealth/mHealth tools, apps and text messaging were included. Primary outcomes were daily steps, moderate-to-vigorous PA and sedentary time. Quality was assessed via Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. Study-reported effect, study quality, sample size, study duration and dropout rate were semi-quantitatively synthesized to determine the overall category effect. 12 studies were included. 75% were low-quality, sample size was 16-18,080, study duration was 3-18weeks, average dropout rate was 4.2%-46.7%. The synthesis of "motivational reminders" and "dynamic exercise programs" showed an overall positive effect, of "PA self-monitoring" showed mixed results and "exercise digital coaching" showed a non-positive effect. Motivational reminders and dynamic exercise programs proved more effective in increasing PA in older adults than other interventions and should be more embedded in structured public health programs.

Pushing forward: Understanding physical activity in adults with medical complexity.

Few studies have investigated associations between the motivational outcome based on physical activity (PA) affective experiences (i.e.,attraction vs. antipathy toward PA) and behavior. This study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between attraction (vs. antipathy) toward PA and device-based PA in older adults. Older adults (n = 139; 71% female, Mage = 70.5) completed assessments of attraction (vs. antipathy) toward PA and 14 days of device-based accelerometry at Times 1 and 2. Greater attraction toward PA at Time 1 was associated with greater steps (β = 5.31, p < .01) and moderate to vigorous intensity PA (β = 3.08, p < .05) at Time 1. Greater attraction toward PA at Time 1 was not significantly associated with steps or moderate to vigorous intensity PA at Time 2. Greater emphasis on resultant motivation from PA affective experiences may be useful in promoting PA in older adults. Significance/Implications: In spite of mixed findings in the present study, there is strong evidence that positive affective responses during a single bout of PA play an important role in predicting future engagement. Yet, affective experiences during PA can be individualistic and often influenced by contextual factors. Interventions designed to increase PA should focus on factors that may create positive affective experiences for participants.

Understanding the psychological mechanism underlying physical activity (PA) participation in individuals with physical disabilities is crucial. In thecurrent study, a conceptual model derived from extant literature was utilized to examine how perceived barriers, attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy are associated with intention and action of PA for people with disabilities. We recruited 371 adults (male = 215; female = 154; unidentified = 1; Mage = 53.20 ± 11.52yr) with various physical disabilities. Structural equation modeling indicated that subjective norm, attitude, personal efficacy, environmental efficacy, and intention were positively associated with health actions, whereas internal, interpersonal, and environmental barriers showed negative associations. Internal and interpersonal barriers showed associations with lower motivation through self-efficacy and subjective norm, while environmental barriers were associated with diminished volitional processes through environmental efficacy. PA participation among individuals with disabilities appears to be shaped by different types of barriers and social cognitive variables across various stages of behavioral engagement. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions are also discussed.

Prasetyo, T. J., Febriana, N. A., Khoiriani, I. N.., Wicaksari, S. A., Ramadhan, G. R.., Festiawan, R.., &amp; Surijati, K. A.. (2024). El efecto de la educación sobre telenutrición sobre los porcentajes de grasa, el colesterol y la actividad física en adultos con sobrepeso (The effect of tele-nutrition education on fat percentages, cholesterol, and physical activity in adults with overweight). Retos, 60, 963–967. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108789 Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI. Authors in the Word document of the article submitted for review: 5 Authors in the published PDF with modified authors: 7 Differences between the authors between both moments: +2 (Rifqi Festiawan, Katri Andini Surijati)

Objective: To investigate the impact of changes in physical activity from young adulthood (ages 20–35 years) to middle age (ages ≥35 years) on the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Research design and methods: Data were analyzed from 1,395 participants in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, including biomarker subsamples. Participants reported their physical activity levels during young adulthood and currently (≥ 20 min, three times per week). Participants were categorized as persistently active, increased, decreased, or persistently inactive. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m², insulin resistance by HOMA-IR ≥ 2.8, and diabetes by self-reported diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations. Results: Participants with decreased or persistently low physical activity levels were significantly more likely to have obesity (OR 2.29 and OR 2.03, respectively), insulin resistance (OR 1.88 and OR 1.79, respectively), and diabetes (OR 1.79 and OR 1.73, respectively) compared to persistently active subjects. After adjusting for covariates, including age, income, and alcohol consumption, increased activity did not exhibit a significant protective effect compared to persistent activity. Conclusions: A decline in physical activity after the age of 35 years is associated with higher risks of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Health promotion programs targeting the maintenance of regular physical activity in adulthood may reduce these risks. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and address limitations, including sample diversity and missing data.

Objectives: The association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and a lower risk of mortality is susceptible to bias from multiple sources. We investigated the potential of biological ageing to mediate the association between long-term LTPA and mortality and whether the methods used to account for reverse causality affect the interpretation of this association. Methods: Study participants were twins from the older Finnish Twin Cohort (n = 22,750; 18–50 years at baseline). LTPA was assessed using questionnaires in 1975, 1981 and 1990. The mortality follow-up lasted until 2020 and biological ageing was assessed using epigenetic clocks in a subsample (n = 1,153) with blood samples taken during the follow-up. Using latent profile analysis, we identified classes with distinct longitudinal LTPA patterns and studied differences in biological ageing between these classes. We employed survival models to examine differences in total, short-term and long-term all-cause mortality, and multilevel models for twin data to control for familial factors. Results: We identified four classes of long-term LTPA: sedentary, moderately active, active and highly active. Although biological ageing was accelerated in sedentary and highly active classes, after adjusting for other lifestyle-related factors, the associations mainly attenuated. Physically active classes had a maximum 7% lower risk of total mortality over the sedentary class, but this association was consistent only in the short term. After accounting for familial factors and excluding participants reporting prevalent cardiovascular diseases, LTPA exhibited less favourable associations with mortality. Conclusion: The association between LTPA and lower all-cause mortality may be largely due to genetic confounding and reverse causality.