Physical Activity In Adults Research Articles

This study explored differences in young adults' enjoyment, situational motivation, self-efficacy, and physical activity between two content-identical exercise formats: exergaming aerobic dance and traditional aerobic dance. A total of 40 young adults (20 females; Mage = 20.38) from a Chinese university participated in two separate 12-min dance sessions: (1) a non-stop exergaming aerobic dance using the Xbox 360, Kinect Just Dance and (2) a traditional aerobic dance led by an experienced instructor. Psychological measures of self-efficacy, enjoyment, and situational motivation (including intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation) were assessed using validated questionnaires after each session. Physical activity levels were measured using a research-grade pedometer to track steps. A repeated-measures MANOVA compared the outcomes between the two dance modalities. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two dance sessions for the overall model (p < 0.05). Participants reported higher enjoyment during the exergaming dance session compared to the traditional aerobic dance [F (1,39) = 3.59, p = 0.05, η2 = 0.07]. Intrinsic motivation were significantly higher for exergaming dance than for the traditional format [F (1,39) = 3.83, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.09]. However, participants achieved significantly more steps per minute in the traditional aerobic dance compared to the exergaming session [F (1,39) = 39.79, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.51]. No other significant differences were found for the remaining outcomes. These findings suggest that exergaming dance may enhance perceived enjoyment and intrinsic motivation, leading to more time spent on exercise or physical activity, though it results in fewer steps per minute than traditional aerobic dance. These results are practically relevant for promoting long-term physical activity through game-like exercises, as higher enjoyment and motivation play a crucial role in maintaining physical activity.

Cumulative adult physical activity and vasomotor symptoms in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women aged 40-48.

Background: Low of physical activity in adulthood increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, which can ultimately reduce a person's quality of life. According to WHO adults should at least do 150 minutes of exercise or at least 75 minutes/week. Dance is a form of physical activity that can be recommended as an alternative intervention to increase Vo2max. Objective: a literature review was conducted to identify dance as an alternative intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: article search using Scopus database, PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane with inclusion criteria research subject age adults 18-64 years research type pilot study, randomized control trial, observational study published in the last 10 years in English and Indonesian. Results: 35 articles were found according to keywords , there were 4 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The highest increase in cardiorespiratory Fitness with V02max indicator in Aeribic Exercise Training intervention (F (1,14) = 20.23, p &lt; .01) and MAP (F (1,14) = 29.90, p &lt; .001), the Brazilian zamba pre 31.2.2.7 post 37.3.5, the Aerobic Exercise Dance pre 23.66.3.03 post 28.59.4.92, the Greek Traditional Dance 35.95.4.3 post 38.91.3. Conclusion: Dance can be used as an alternative intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness with indicators of increased Vo2 Max.

BackgroundLow muscle strength predicts premature mortality. We determined whether genetic liability to muscle strength is associated with mortality and whether this association is influenced by long‐term leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA).Methods and ResultsWe estimated the effects of a polygenic score for handgrip strength (PGS HGS) on all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in the older Finnish Twin Cohort (N=8815, 53% women). LTPA was assessed longitudinally using validated questionnaires. During the 16.9‐year median follow‐up (143 723 person‐years), 2896 deaths occurred, of which 1089 were attributable to CVD. We found a significant interaction between sex and PGS HGS (P=0.016) in relation to all‐cause mortality. In men, 1‐SD increase in the PGS HGS was associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89–0.98]) and CVD mortality (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.81–0.96]), but was not statistically significantly associated with mortality in women (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.96–1.07]; and HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.87–1.05], respectively). In men, associations remained after adjusting for LTPA and persisted for CVD mortality (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76–0.96]), even after accounting for other lifestyle covariates. This remained statistically significant even when non‐CVD death was accounted for as a competing risk event. No PGS HGS×LTPA interactions were found. The predictive area under the curve estimates for PGS HGS alone were limited (0.53–0.64) but comparable to that of several lifestyle factors.ConclusionsHigher PGS HGS was associated with a decreased risk of CVD mortality in men. Long‐term LTPA in adulthood did not potentiate this association.

ABSTRACT Introduction Self-esteem has been positively associated with physical activity, but it is not clear whether different domains and intensities of physical activity are differently related to self-esteem in community-dwelling adults. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-esteem and different domains and intensities of physical activity in adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included a randomly selected sample of 252 community-dwelling adults (mean age: 42.6 ± 17.2 yr), of whom 58.8% were female. Self-esteem and physical activity domains (occupational physical activity, exercise and sports in leisure, and leisure and commuting physical activity) were assessed using questionnaires, and physical activity intensities were objectively measured using accelerometry. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were adopted as covariates. Results Self-esteem scores were positively associated with occupational physical activity (β = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–2.40) and exercise and sports in leisure (β = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.14–1.49). Being physically active in at least one physical activity domain was associated with 88% lower odds of presenting low self-esteem (odds ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.80). Conclusion Self-esteem was cross-sectionally associated with both occupational and exercise/sports physical activity, as well as with being physically active in at least one physical activity domain. Efforts to promote mental health in community-dwelling adults should consider domain-specific physical activity, regardless of physical activity intensity.

An Intervention to Increase Physical Activity in Adults with Knee OA: The Delaware PEAK Randomized Controlled Trial

Mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) offer a convenient way to increase physical activity to people with disabilities. While several mHealth apps have been developed for this population, there is limited evidence assessing app usability and how this might impact physical activity. To investigate the usability of a novel mHealth app, Accessercise, that aims to increase physical activity in people with physical disabilities. Twelve adults with different physical disabilities participated in a face-to-face think-aloud interview. Interviews were analysed using deductive content analysis based on the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). Data mapped onto 12 uMARS domains; most participants expressed positive views concerning Accessercise, namely, entertainment, customisation, tailoring to the target group, ease of use and navigation, and visual information. Some additional elements were viewed positively but required modification to improve usability, perceived credibility, and relevance, including the app's layout, visual appeal, interactivity, and quality/quantity of information. This study provides an example of how the think-aloud method can be employed to evaluate mHealth apps that aims to increase physical activity in people with physical disabilities. Therefore, developers and researchers could use this study to inform future usability evaluations in this area.

Digital interventions have the potential to increase physical activity in adults with the use of few resources, but evidence of long-term effectiveness is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three digital interventions on physical activity. 183 self-reported inactive adults (<150 min per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) aged 22-55 years were included in a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial over 18 months and were randomised to three fully web-based interventions: (A) activity tracker with the personalised metric Personal Activity Intelligence on a mobile app, (B) group A+home-based online training and (C) group B+online peer support through social media. Physical activity was measured with hip-worn accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X-BT) at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. Outcome measures included MVPA, light and total physical activity, steps, adherence to physical activity recommendations, waist circumference (WC), quality of life, perceived competence for exercise, self-efficacy for exercise, social support and reasons for performing physical activity. Longitudinal changes in outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline values. Mean MVPA in all groups at baseline was over two times higher than the criteria for inactive and decreased from 69.7 min per day (95% CI: 67.3 to 72.1) to 60.2 min (95% CI: 56.8 to 63.7) through 18 months (p<0.001). No time by group interaction was observed (p=0.97). Similar patterns were observed for light and total physical activity (main effect of time: both p<0.02, time by group interaction: both p>0.59). WC increased from baseline through follow-up (all p<0.001), but with no time by group interaction (all p>0.15). Self-reported physically inactive adults receiving an activity tracker with a mobile app accumulated high physical activity levels at baseline but decreased their activity levels over 18 months. Adding home-based online training and peer support did not provide additional effects. Prospectively registered, 23 of April 2021, identifier: NCT04526, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04526444.

Background: Individual, social, and cultural constraints can significantly impact physical activity throughout an individual's lifespan. Objectives: This study aims to predict the socio-cultural and individual constraints that affect regular physical activity in adults. Methods: The present study is correlational research. Participants comprised 5,822 employees working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, sports federations, and provincial sports and youth departments in Iran, totaling a sample size of 360 individuals with a mean age of 44.88 ± 0.33 years. The sample was determined randomly according to the Morgan table, ensuring an unbiased selection of participants. The eligibility criteria included informed consent for study participation and an age range of 40 to 63 years, whereas the exclusion criteria included individuals with physical or mental impairments. The instruments for data collection were the BAZNEF Model Structures Questionnaire and the Standard Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Chi-square, logistic regression, and linear regression statistical analyses were employed for data evaluation. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the demographic variables of age, field of study, and level of education with regular physical activity in adults. Among the constructs of the BAZNEF model, the construct of behavioral intention is considered the most important individual predictor of regular physical activity among adults. Additionally, subjective norms and attitude (participation motivation) influence the behavioral intention to engage in physical activity in adults. The individual attribute of behavioral intention is the most predictive factor of engaging in regular physical activity among adults. Conclusions: Socio-cultural and individual constraints (participation motivation) influence the intention to engage in regular physical activity among adults.

BackgroundAlthough adolescent physical activity (PA) tracks into adulthood, it is unclear if the context of PA practiced during adolescence predicts adult PA. We previously identified five adolescent PA profiles and aimed to assess associations between these profiles and levels of PA in emerging adulthood.MethodsUsing data from the first 8 years of the MATCH study, when participants were 11 to 18 years, we identified five adolescent PA profiles: “non-participants” (9% of the sample), “dropouts” (30%), “active in unorganized PA” (19%), “active in organized PA” (27%), and “active through a variety of PA” (15%). The same participants reported their PA level (IPAQ) 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years later when they were emerging adults (20, 21, 22, and 23 years). The adolescent PA profiles were included in a mixed-distribution two parts model as predictors of i) the probability of reporting any PA during emerging adulthood, and ii) the PA level of emerging adults reporting PA.ResultsBeing categorized as “non-participant” or “dropout” during adolescence was associated with similar likelihoods of reporting PA and PA level during emerging adulthood. In contrast with “non-participants”, those in the “active-unorganized” (OR, 95% CI: 2.8, 2.1–3.8), “active-organized” (2.4, 1.7–3.2), and “active-variety” (3.7, 3.3–5.1) were considerably more likely to report any PA during emerging adulthood. Among emerging adults who reported some PA, those with an adolescent profile of “active-unorganized”, “active-organized” and “active-variety” had higher PA levels than “non-participants” (all p < 0.01).ConclusionProfiles of PA participation during adolescence represent strong predictors of PA in emerging adulthood. Promoting participation in various types of PA during adolescence is key to preventing low PA among emerging adults.

BackgroundThe positive correlation between physical activity and cognitive function has been increasingly documented, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the association among physical activity (PA), functional fitness, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults, and to examine whether functional fitness mediates this association. This study utilized a cross-sectional design, encompassing 224 participants aged 65 or above, with 41.07% male and 58.93% female. The data were collected in 2023 using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and Senior Fitness Test. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess associations among the variables, and mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.ResultsThe results indicated that PA had a moderate positive correlation with cognitive function (r = 0.437, p < 0.01) and with most functional fitness domains. In addition, significant positive correlations were found among most functional fitness domains and cognitive function. The association between PA and cognitive function was partially mediated by cardiorespiratory endurance (Effect = 0.0519, 95% CI= [0.0205, 0.0889]).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a positive correlation between PA and cognitive function in older adults, with cardiorespiratory endurance mediating this association. Our study provides valuable preliminary evidence that cardiorespiratory endurance exerts a mediating role between PA and cognitive function. Future longitudinal research is warranted to elucidate the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms between PA and cognitive function.

Promoting healthy lifestyles is essential for preventing chronic diseases, yet a vast majority of university students regularly engage in unhealthy habits. Utilizing mobile smart devices for health interventions, known as mHealth, which integrate behavioral change theories with environmental interaction, offers a promising and cost-effective strategy to encourage lasting adoption of healthier habits. This study compared the effectiveness of the mHealth intervention program with a traditional face-to-face program in fostering healthy lifestyle changes. Through a randomized controlled trial involving 220 nursing students (110 in the mHealth intervention program and 110 in the traditional program), data were collected from May to December 2023 using predefined questionnaires. These questionnaires included the Global/International Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ/IPAQ) for monitoring adult physical activity, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment, and a Sleep Quality Scale (SQS). Three months after the educational intervention program, lifestyle improvements were significantly more pronounced in the mHealth intervention group compared to the traditional group. The implementation of the mHealth intervention program aimed at improving lifestyle has proven to be a transformative approach in fostering positive behavioral changes among participants. The study was approved by the IRB of Zagazig Faculty of Medicine (IRB 10827/24-6-2023) and was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06404619, 08/05/2024).

Digital interventions hold significant potential for improving physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behavior (SB) in adults. Despite increasing interest, there remain surprising gaps in the current knowledge of how best to deliver these interventions, including incorporating appropriate theoretical frameworks and behavior change techniques. Following numerous systematic reviews, there is now significant potential for umbrella reviews to provide an overview of the current evidence. This umbrella review aimed to explore digital PA and SB interventions for community-living adults across effectiveness, key components, and methodological quality. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for umbrella reviews. Key search terms were developed iteratively, incorporating physical and sedentary activity alongside digital interventions. We searched 7 online databases (Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Inspec, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE [Ovid], and PROSPERO) alongside gray literature databases. Information was extracted and tabulated from each included article on intervention effectiveness, key components, and content acknowledging both the digital and human elements. The study quality was appraised using A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2). The corrected covered area method was used to assess the overlap of primary studies included in the systematic reviews. All relevant research findings were extracted and reported. Search terms identified 330 articles, of which 5 (1.5%) met the inclusion criteria. The most common PA outcomes identified were daily steps, moderate-to-vigorous PA, total PA, and PA change. Reviews with meta-analysis reported that digital interventions improved multiple PA outcomes (daily steps, moderate-to-vigorous PA time, and total PA time). However, findings from the remaining systematic reviews were mixed. Similarly, the findings for SB were contrasting. Regarding intervention components, monitor- and sensor-only intervention delivery methods were most frequently implemented. Eleven theoretical frameworks were identified, with social cognitive theory being the most prominent theory. In total, 28 different behavior change techniques were reported, with goal setting, self-monitoring, feedback, and social support being the most frequently used. All 5 systematic reviews were of low or critically low quality, each incorporating unique primary studies (corrected covered area=0%). This umbrella review highlights the potential of digital interventions to increase PA and reduce SB among community-living adults. However, the disparate nature of current academic knowledge means potentially efficacious research may not realistically translate to real work impact. Our review identified a lack of consensus around outcomes and components at both individual (eg, difficult to collate and compare findings) and multiple study (poor reported quality of systematic reviews) levels. Collective, concerted action is required to standardize outcomes and improve systematic review reporting to optimize future learning around digital interventions to increase PA and reduce SB in community-living adults, including traditionally overlooked populations, like informal carers. PROSPERO CRD42023450773; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023450773.

As the global population ages, and rates of modifiable risk factors for cancer change, cancer incidence and mortality continue to increase. While we understand many modifiable risk factors related to diet, nutrition, bodyweight, and physical activity in adulthood that influence cancer risk, how exposure during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood impacts cancer risk is less clear. This is partly because the timeline from initial mutation to cancer development and diagnosis can span several decades. This long latency period creates methodological, ethical, and financial issues; as well as resource and feasibility challenges in the design, implementation, and data analysis of lifecourse studies. As such, the large majority of lifecourse studies are observational, often using recall data which has inherent bias issues. Concurrently, a new research era has begun, with mature birth cohort studies that are phenotyped/genotyped and can support studies on adult cancer risk. Several studies and consortia contain information spanning the lifecourse. These resources can support association, mechanistic and epigenetic investigations into the influences of multi-disciplinary (e.g. genetic, behavioural, environmental) factors, across the lifecourse and critical time periods. Ultimately, we will be able to produce high-quality evidence and identify how/when early life risk factors impact cancer development and survival.

BackgroundTo examine whether adolescent sport and exercise participation is associated with adulthood moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body fat, skeletal muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI), and to explore whether the association between sport and exercise participation and adult body composition depends on adulthood MVPA level.MethodsProspective study of 4603 adolescents aged 13–18 year (57.2% female) in the Norwegian Young-HUNT Study and follow-up ~ 11 or ~ 22 years later. Linear regression was used to estimate mean differences in accelerometer-measured MVPA and bioimpedance-measured body fat, muscle mass, and BMI in adulthood according to self-reported sport and exercise participation in adolescence.ResultsAdolescents participating in sport/exercise every day accumulated more MVPA (48 min/week, 95% CI 23 to 73), had less body fat (-4.4%, 95% CI -5.4 to -3.2), more muscle mass (2.6%, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.2), and lower BMI (-1.1 kg/m2, 95% CI -1.7 to -0.5) as adults, compared to adolescents participating < 1 day/week. Joint analysis showed that adolescents who participated in sport/exercise ≥ 4 days/week, and who accumulated 150–299 min/week MVPA in adulthood, had less body fat (-5.8%, 95% CI -7.4 to -4.3) and more muscle mass (3.4%, 95% CI, 2.5 to 4.3) compared to those participating in sport/exercise ≤ 1 day/week and who accumulated < 150 MVPA min/week as adults. Compared to the same reference group, these associations were further strengthened among those who accumulated ≥ 300 min/week MVPA in adulthood and reported ≥ 4 days/week of sport/exercise for both body fat (-8.8%, 95% CI -10.3 to -7.4) and muscle mass (5.1%, 95% CI 4.3 to 5.9).ConclusionsAdolescent sport and exercise participation is positively associated with MVPA, and skeletal muscle mass, and inversely associated with body fat and BMI in adulthood. These associations remained significant after adjusting for adult MVPA levels. A higher MVPA level in adulthood strengthens the association between adolescent sport/exercise participation and adult body composition.

Financial incentives for physical activity in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis update.

Affective responses in adults with severe obesity living or not with a mental disorder during two consecutive 6-min walking exercises.

ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to various intensities of lockdowns, affecting lifestyles globally. This study investigates the impact of partial lockdown versus total lockdown on adult physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 2020 to October 2020, with 493 participants included in the analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed no significant differences in total PA or total sitting time between partial lockdown and total lockdown scenarios. However, moderate physical activity (MPA) significantly decreased during total lockdowns, with more pronounced reductions among females than males. Notably, a positive correlation was found between household area and MPA, suggesting that larger living spaces may encourage more PA. A negative correlation was observed between sitting time and MPA during both types of lockdown.ConclusionsTotal lockdown conditions were associated with a significant decrease in MPA, highlighting sex disparities in PA responses. Living space size emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining PA levels during restricted conditions. This study emphasizes the need to consider environmental and demographic factors in public health strategies during prolonged periods of restricted movement.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Canadians Living With and Without Cardiovascular Disease.

Physical activity is recognised for its functional, physical, and psychological benefits in managing venous leg ulcers. Despite these advantages, individuals with venous leg ulcers often remain inactive, largely due to fear of exacerbating their condition and a lack of comprehensive guidance. Clinicians play a crucial role in promoting physical activity, providing support to patients to engage in safe and beneficial exercises. This study aimed to assess clinicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward physical activity in adults with venous leg ulcers to inform clinical practice and the development of targeted physical activity strategies. An online questionnaire was developed to assess clinicians' familiarity with physical activity guidelines, their confidence in recommending physical activity, and the barriers they encountered in practice. A total of 141 clinicians, predominantly nurses (99%), completed the survey, with 83% reporting awareness of clinical guidelines for venous leg ulcer management. However, only 25% regularly recommended a general increase in physical activity, 27% recommended calf strengthening exercises, and 38% consistently recommended ankle joint mobility exercises. Key barriers; 1) insufficient training to recommend specific exercises, 2) lack of evidence-based information to provide to patients and 3) limited access to exercise specialists for referrals. Statistical modelling showed that self-efficacy significantly influenced recommendations for ankle mobility exercises; clinicians with higher confidence were 7.6 times more likely to make such recommendations (p < .001). Although attitudes toward prescribing ankle exercises to adults with venous leg ulcers in compression were not statistically significantly related to reported practice (p = .087), they demonstrated relevance to clinical decision making and warrant further investigation. While clinicians recognise the importance of physical activity for adults with venous leg ulcers, gaps in knowledge, resources, and training limit their ability to provide specific exercise recommendations. Addressing these gaps through large-scale implementation of structured physical activity strategies is essential.