Physical Activity In Adults Research Articles (Page 2)

This systematic review aims to identify the effectiveness of digital health applications (apps) to increase physical activity (PA) or prevent malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. Searches were conducted in June 2023 across seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and grey literature were searched via google scholar. Data from studies that met the inclusion criteria were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Meta-analyses were undertaken where appropriate using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model (Stata version 16.1), or data were described narratively. Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria, although 23 of these had low or unclear risk of bias. Twelve studies considered PA outcomes only, two studies considered nutritional outcomes only, and three studies considered both PA and nutritional components. A meta-analysis comprising six studies (818 participants) showed that those using a digital health app had a higher step count compared with participants in the control group (mean difference = 799, 95% CI [48.76, 1550.08]). Studies looking at nutritional outcomes aimed to increase protein intake or adherence to dietary patterns with mixed findings. Digital health apps have the potential to increase PA in community-dwelling older adults. Digital health app interventions that aim to reduce the risk of malnutrition in older adults is a relatively unexplored area with mixed findings, so more high-quality studies should be prioritized.

Abstract Purpose Investigations considered total physical activity (PA) when recommending its practice, leading us to question whether other incidental forms provide the same health benefits as leisure-time PA. Thus, we aimed to investigate through cross sectional data whether PA performed in other contexts other than leisure time (e.g., at work or commuting, i.e., incidental physical activity), can provide the same health benefits. Method We divided our sample of the adults between those who attained physical activity recommendations proposal by World Health Organization into two groups: 1) leisure-time and 2) incidental PA and tested differences between groups to identify a more salutogenic profile, besides investigating differences by sex. We collected demographic and health data, PA, sedentary behavior, sleep, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, life satisfaction, psychological wellbeing, and health-related quality of life from 378 adults in an academic environment. Results The results indicated that those who were active in their leisure-time spent less time in leisure-time sedentary behavior (p = 0.019), performed more vigorous intensity PA (p < .0.001), had greater energy expenditure per week (p < 0.001), higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p = 0.017), and scored better in the physical component of health-related quality of life (p = 0.010). However, in the analysis by sex, the advantages of being active in leisure-time changed considerably. Conclusion Although major health organizations recommend regular PA, our findings suggest that those performed during leisure-time may be more strongly associated with a healthier profile compared to incidental PA. Moreover, men and women may experience different benefits from being active during leisure time.

Background Fear of physical activity (FoPA) has been discussed as a barrier to physical activity in chronic heart failure. We describe associations of FoPA with accelerometer-assessed daily physical activity indicators and examine the contribution of the 2 coping dispositions cognitive avoidance and vigilance to this relationship. Methods In this multisite study, FoPA, using the “Fear of Activity in Situations 15-Heart Failure” questionnaire, and coping dispositions were assessed in 87 stable outpatients with chronic heart failure (61.0 ± 11.0 years, 26% women). Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Step count and minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity activity (MVPA) per day were computed, both using 10-minute bouts and total MVPA. Multiple linear regression was applied to test associations of FoPA with physical activity. Direct and indirect (via FoPA) associations of coping dispositions with activity were examined. Results The 82 patients with valid accelerometer data had a median of 52 minutes of total MVPA per day (interquartile range 30.3–83.3) and 14.3 minutes of bouted MVPA per day (interquartile range 0–20.4). They walked a median of 5409 steps/d (interquartile range 3204–7944). Significant and independent associations of FoPA with reduced total MVPA per day (b = −10, SE = 2.85, P < .001) and step count per day (b = −811, SE = 258, P = .002) emerged. Cognitive avoidance contributed directly and independently to higher activity; vigilance had a small indirect effect on lower activity via increased FoPA. Conclusions In outpatients with chronic heart failure, FoPA constitutes a clinically relevant barrier to daily physical activity. Coping dispositions deserve further attention to deliver tailored fear-reducing interventions.

An active lifestyle can lessen the risk of cardiometabolic conditions and improve overall life quality. To support lifestyle change and help healthcare providers deliver optimal physical activity interventions, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of four different physical activity intervention designs (education, behaviour-change, motivational/goal-setting and multi-component) against usual care/minimal intervention in increasing physical activity among adults with cardiometabolic conditions. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted. Four databases were searched (January 2000-February 2025). steps per day, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and combined physical activity. sedentary time, HbA1c, BMI, weight loss, SBP, DBP, cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C. Steps per day were analysed via time-course model-based meta-analysis. Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis estimated mean differences (MD)/standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Evidence quality was assessed using CINeMA. Sixty-two trials comprising 8952 participants were included, 51 were analysed in the meta-analysis. Behaviour-change (MD = 3287, 95% CrI 1576 to 4997 steps per day), multi-component (MD = 2939, 95% CrI 1714 to 4164), education (MD = 2054, 95% CrI 369 to 3740) and motivational/goal-setting (MD = 1344, 95% CrI 243 to 2445) interventions were significantly more effective than usual care in increasing steps per day. Overall, combined physical activity interventions excluding minimal interventions and when compared to usual care only, increased steps per day significantly from baseline by 143 (95% CrI 114 to 182; median 18weeks), with the highest number of steps per day predicted at around 75weeks from baseline (MD = 738, 95% CrI 581 to 893). Only multi-component interventions were consistently found to significantly increase physical activity across all primary measures-steps per day, MVPA and combined physical activity-compared to usual care or minimal care. In terms of secondary outcomes, motivational (MD = - 0.28%, CrI = - 0.46 to - 0.10%) and multi-component interventions were associated with significant HbA1c reductions (MD = - 0.24%, CrI = - 0.47 to - 0.02%) compared to usual care; no significant effects were found on other secondary outcomes. Multi-component interventions were most effective at improving physical activity levels among people with cardiometabolic conditions. The crucial next step for patients, clinicians and policymakers is to enhance the understanding of how to tailor and implement these interventions effectively for sustained improvements in long-term physical activity levels. PROSPERO number CRD42023405306.

Physical activity is a core aspect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) self-management, but most Saudi adults do not meet physical activity recommendations and there are no culturally tailored interventions to promote physical activity in Saudi adults with T2DM. This study is a prospective single-centre, single-arm feasibility study of a mobile SMS text messaging intervention with a nested qualitative study. The aim was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of ActiveText@T2D, a 6-week theory-based mobile text messaging intervention to promote physical activity in people with T2DM in Saudi Arabia. Intervention development was informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework and COM-B model. ActiveText@T2D consisted of 2 one-way SMS text messages per week, for 6 weeks. All participants were offered the intervention and assessed at baseline (Time 0: T0) and 3-month follow-up (Time 1: T1). Data collection included feasibility outcomes (recruitment and retention), clinical outcomes (body mass index and glycaemic control from clinic records at T0), and self-reported outcomes (self-efficacy, physical activity, and barriers to exercise at T0, T1). Qualitative interview data (n = 19) were collected at T1 with 11 patients (7 male, 4 female, mean age 54.5 years) and 8 female nurses (mean age 31.8 years). Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, qualitative data were analysed thematically. Of 98 participants approached, 62 were eligible, and 52 consented (84% participation rate; 23 women, 29 men; mean age 54.82 years), 44 (85%) completed baseline measures and received the intervention. Thirty-nine participants completed follow-up measures (75% retention to T1). All outcome measures were sensitive to change: The Arabic version of the CDC Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ), The Arabic version of Exercise Self-Efficacy scale (ESE-A), The Arabic International Physical Activity Questionnaire (A-IPAQ). Patients and healthcare professionals perceived the intervention to be broadly acceptable. Qualitative findings identified three overarching themes: “use of text messaging as a health intervention”, “engagement with physical activity” and “instilling knowledge about physical activity and diabetes control”. This study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of ActiveText@T2D, a theory-based culturally tailored SMS text messaging intervention, to Saudi adult patients with T2DM and healthcare professionals involved in their care. The next step would be a full-scale definitive randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ActiveText@T2D.Protocol registration: Protocols.io, DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.261ger217l47/v1 (registered on 08.01.2025).

Previous studies indicate an inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although they highlighted the health benefits of PA, the specific effects of PA in late life remain unclear, and intense PA may be challenging for older adults. Moreover, there is significant variation in how PA is assessed, including the timing and types of activities considered. This review aimed to evaluate existing literature to determine the effects of PA with an emphasis on late-life PA and the minimum levels of PA for older adults. We conducted a systematic review via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol utilizing the MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, last assessed in July 2023. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were prospective cohort or interventional studies, that are written in English, and that measured PA in a cohort who did not have dementia, AD, or cognitive decline at baseline. Retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, case reports, and studies not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded. Each study was evaluated in seven domains of bias utilizing the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E)tool. Out of 2,322 studies screened, 17 met the inclusion criteria, including six new studies not included in the previous systematic review. This resulted in 206,463 participants from North America (UnitedStates and Canada) and Europe (Denmark, Finland, Italy, Sweden, and the UnitedKingdom). Our method effectively reduced the number of duplicated studies during screenings, resulting in 92 duplications compared to 3,580 in the previous review. The risk of bias assessment in the quality of evidence was "low risk" in 13 studies and "some concerns" in four studies. Four studies assessed PA at midlife (average age, 49years; average follow-up time, 29.2 years), 11 studies assessed PA in late life (average age, 75.9 years; average follow-up time, 5.9 years), and two assessed PA in adulthood without specification. For studies that assessed PA at midlife, 2 out of 4 (50 %) had statistically significant findings (p<0.05) for studies that assessed PA during late life, 8 out of 11 (75 %) had significant findings (p<0.05), and 2 out of 2 (100 %) of unspecified timing had significant findings (p<0.05). Our review indicated that engaging in PA at least three times per week, for at least 15 min per session, was judged to be the minimum requirement tested for protective effects against AD in late life. Potential biological mechanisms were also discussed. Our current review supports existing evidence that PA provides significant protection against the development of AD and found that the requirement of PA may be less than the current guidelines for sufficient and meaningful protection in late life. Excitingly, any form of PA tested can be protective against the development of AD, including household activities, suggesting that a wider variety of PA can be more appropriate for late life. More standardized and detailed studies are needed to update the benefits of PA, particularly in the areas of occupational, household/transportation, and age-group activities. Further research is needed to determine the optimal PA thresholds in these groups.

BackgroundThis study examines the impact of childhood demographic characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, health and well-being status, family dynamics and relationships, and religious and spiritual status, on physical activity levels in adulthood across 22 countries.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Global Flourishing Study (GFS), which includes 202,898 participants across 22 countries. The study examined whether childhood characteristics predict physical activity levels in adulthood and whether these relationships differ by country.ResultsThe relationships between childhood predictors and physical activity in adulthood varied across countries. However, the overall results showed that self-rated health and religious service attendance during childhood, as well as age and gender, were significantly associated with physical activity levels in adulthood.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the critical role of childhood self-rated health and religious involvement in shaping physical activity habits in adulthood across 22 countries. These results lay the groundwork for future GFS data (2024 through 2027) to guide interventions promoting physical activity among adults globally.

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is prevalent, leading to a high burden of disease and large healthcare costs. Thus, there is a need for affordable, effective and scalable interventions. However, interventions that are affordable and scalable are beset with modest effects and engagement. Interventions that integrate machine learning with real-time data to offer unprecedented levels of personalisation and customisation might offer solutions. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a machine learning and app-based digital assistant to increase physical activity.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-eight participants will be recruited through Facebook advertisements and randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Intervention participants will gain access to an app-based physical activity digital assistant that can learn and adapt in real-time to achieve high levels of personalisation and user engagement by virtue of applying a range of machine learning techniques (i.e. reinforcement learning, natural language processing and large language models). The digital assistant will interact with participants in 3 main ways: (1) educational conversations about physical activity; (2) just-in-time personalised in-app notifications (‘nudges’), cues to action encouraging physical activity and (3) chat-based questions and answers about physical activity. Additionally, the app includes adaptive goal setting and an action planning tool. The control group will gain access to the intervention after the last assessment. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is device-measured (Axivity AX3) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Secondary outcomes include app engagement and retention, quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, sitting time, sleep, workplace productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism and habit strength.DiscussionThe trial presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of a new generation of digital interventions that use advanced machine learning methods to improve physical activity behaviour. By addressing the limitations of existing conversational agents, we aim to pave the way for more effective and adaptable interventions.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12624000255583p. Registered on 14 March 2024. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=387332.

Associations between dimensions of physical activity (intensity, frequency, duration, and volume) and frailty among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

ABSTRACT Understanding the factors that influence the return to physical activity can help to modify behaviour to enhance the recovery of symptoms and physical activity. We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews to explore the barriers and facilitators to returning to physical activity in adults following a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study design was informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and Capability, Opportunity and Motivation-Behaviour model. Ten key factors were identified in the analysis: four factors consistently acted as barriers (fatigue, sensory overload, symptoms, social expectations), four as facilitators (physical activity, assistive items, social support, health professional support), and two demonstrated a more complex, bidirectional influence (mental health, environment). These ten factors were organized to four overarching thematic groups: intrinsic factors, environmental and adaptive factors, social influences and symptom management. Adults with symptoms lasting greater than 10 days post-mild TBI report that a combination of symptoms, including fatigue and sensory overload prevent their ability to return to physical activity. The environment, social support structures, and access to health professional support facilitated individuals with returning to their physical activities. These findings should be considered when providing interventions to patients in clinical practice to enhance patients’ recovery of symptoms and physical activity.

ABSTRACT Background: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at an elevated risk of chronic health conditions (e.g. obesity, Alzheimer’s disease). Although physical activity can mitigate the effects of these conditions, adults with DS spend more time sedentary relative to the adult general population. This study examined how daily fluctuations in two lifestyle factors, sleep and leisure, affect physical activity in adults with DS. Method: For 7 days, a sample of adults with DS (N = 109) wore a GT9X ActiGraph accelerometer to collect movement and sleep data and completed a daily diary to record leisure engagement. Movement variables included time spent sedentary, in light physical activity, and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Sleep variables included total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Time spent in and total count of cognitively stimulating leisure (e.g. reading, experiential activities) and social leisure (e.g. visiting friends, attending club meetings) were based on 22 items from the Victoria Longitudinal Study activity questionnaire. Mixed linear models examined between – and within-person associations for sleep and physical activity, and leisure and physical activity. Models controlled for sociodemographics, day of week, and weekend (vs. weekday). Results: At the between-person level, more TST was associated with more time sedentary (ps < .05) and less physical activity (ps < .001). More SE was associated with less time sedentary (ps < .001) and more physical activity (ps < .05). At the within-person level, participants with more physical activity than typical predicted greater TST (and less SE) that night (ps < .01). More cognitively stimulating and social leisure were associated with more physical activity at the within-person level (ps < .05). Conclusions: Findings can inform health programs seeking to increase physical activity in adults with DS. Interventions should consider the function of sleep and leisure in everyday life for long-term sustainability of physical activity.

Introduction and Objective: Prediabetes (PreD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasingly common in young adulthood, a period of declining physical activity (PA). We investigated associations between individual- and community-level social determinants of health (SDOH) and PA in young adults with and without PreD or T2D. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using survey and Fitbit data from 18-35y young adults in NIH’s All of Us Research Program (data collected 2018-2022). Daily steps surrounding SDOH survey (±14d) were averaged (SDOH by domain in Table). Linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race and PreD/T2D assessed the relationship between steps and SDOH in separate models. Results: The cohort (n=862; age 29.6±3.9y; 78% F; 79% White, 2% Black, 4% Hispanic, 5% Asian, 9% Other; 7% PreD/T2D) averaged 7505±3343 steps/day. Young adults with PreD/T2D had roughly 1000 fewer steps/day. Favorable SDOH that were associated with higher step count included employment, low healthcare discrimination, and greater neighborhood social cohesion (Table). Income, education, insurance, social support, loneliness, and neighborhood disorder were not associated with step count. Conclusion: SDOH varied in their association with PA, which was lower in the setting of PreD/T2D. SDOH-based interventions to increase PA in young adults, particularly those with PreD/T2D, should be investigated. Disclosure M. Jankowski: None. C. Harrison: None. S. Apte: None. J. Mitchell: None. X. Qin: None. M. Vajravelu: None. Funding The Pittsburgh Foundation

Introduction and Objective: People living with type 1 diabetes (pwT1D) face barriers to physical activity (PA), such as fear of hypoglycemia, which may evolve over time. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate changes in barriers to PA and to identify clinical and psychological factors influencing these changes. Methods: Data were obtained from adults pwT1D (≥18 years) in the Canadian BETTER registry. Participants who completed the Barriers to Physical Activity in Diabetes (BAPAD) questionnaire at baseline and at the one-year follow-up were included. Associations between changes in BAPAD score (ΔBAPAD = one year score - baseline score) and clinical or psychological factors were analyzed using Spearman and Pearson correlations. Factors assessed included treatment modality, glucose monitoring method, confidence in managing hypoglycemia (HCS), fear of hypoglycemia (HFS), diabetes-related distress (DDS), diabetes-related stigma (DSAS), and body mass index (BMI). Results: Among the 316 participants included, BAPAD score significantly decreased over time (2.62±1.20 vs. 2.40±1.08, p&amp;lt;0.001). No correlation was found between BAPAD score and initiating an insulin pump, initiating a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), or a change in HbA1c. Score increase was associated with discontinuation of CGM (r=0.128; p=0.033). Score decrease was associated with: decrease in BMI (r=0.192; p&amp;lt;0.001), increased confidence in managing hypoglycemia (r = -0.126, p = 0.026), decreased fear of hypoglycaemia (r=0.138; p=0.014), and decreased diabetes-related distress and stigma (respectively, r=0.18; p=0.001 and r=0.294; p&amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Changes in barriers to PA are influenced by clinical and psychological factors. Maintaining access to technology, increasing confidence in managing hypoglycemia and addressing diabetes-related distress and stigma could reduce barriers to physical activity and support long-term engagement in physical activity. Disclosure C. Guédet: None. L. Alexandre-Heymann: None. J.E. Yardley: Research Support; Diabetes Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc. V. Messier: None. V. Boudreau: None. M. Mathieu: None. A. Brazeau: Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc. Research Support; Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Speaker's Bureau; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF). Research Support; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), Diabète Québec, Fonds de recherches du Québec-Santé, Mitacs. S. Tagougui: None. R.P. Rabasa-Lhoret: Advisory Panel; Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Insulet Corporation. Other Relationship; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding The BETTER registry is supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number JT1- 157204), Breakthrough T1D Canada (grant number 3- SRA-2024–1523-M-N), and Diabète Québec as well as through non-restrictive grants from Eli Lilly Canada Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada and Sanofi-Aventis Canada and a donation from Dexcom Canada.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that affects over 38 million adults in the United States, who are disproportionately Hispanic.ObjectiveThis study describes the development and implementation of Salud Paso por Paso, a culturally tailored and linguistically appropriate intervention to increase engagement in physical activity (PA) for Hispanic adults living with T2DM.MethodsParticipants were enrolled in a 6-week pre-post pilot test of a culturally tailored intervention that included sessions covering different aspects of PA and T2DM. Participants were recruited at a local free clinic. Nonparametric paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine differences between pre- and postintervention measures.ResultsTwenty-one participants were recruited, and 19 (90.5%) completed the intervention. Participants significantly increased average hours spent in moderate PA, by 3.16 hours (from 4.73, SD 3.79 minutes to 9.63, SD 6.39 minutes; Z=−3.52; P<.001), average steps per week (from 23,006.38, SD 14,357.13 steps to 43,000.81, SD 30,237.17 steps; Z=−2.79; P=.005), and minutes per week of PA (from 105.94, SD 72.23 minutes to 224.19, SD 167.85 minutes; Z=−3.36; P<.001).ConclusionsDeveloping effective culturally tailored interventions that can ameliorate the deleterious effects of T2DM in Hispanic adults is an important strategy to promote health equity. The Salud Paso por Paso intervention is an effective way to promote PA in Hispanic adults living with T2DM.

BackgroundSevere falls in older individuals are a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits and often result in long-term impairments that reduce physical activity (PA). Limited information exists on the characteristics of individuals who suffer from physical inactivity after such falls and the factors that influence it. This study investigates the association between potential moderators and changes in PA in older adults six months after a severe fall.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the SeFallED study (German Clinical Trials Register ID: 00025949). Moderators were evaluated through a home-based geriatric assessment conducted within four weeks of a severe fall with presentation to the ED. PA was quantified using both sensor-based (n = 72 men (75 years), n = 106 women (74 years) and self-reported (n = 105 men (74 years), n = 174 women (73 years) assessments. A Linear Mixed Model was used for analysis.ResultsSensor-based PA revealed a significant time effect for step count (p = 0.006), indicating an increase in PA six months after a severe fall. Fall history (95% CI: -1,009.5 – (-207.4), p = 0.003) and age (95% CI: -315.8 – (-82.5), p < 0.01) were significant negative moderators for changes in PA, only in women. No significant changes in self-reported PA were observed after six months (p = 0.109).ConclusionParticipants showed an increase in sensor-based PA six months after a severe fall, though this was negatively associated with age and fall history. Early identification of factors that affect PA recovery may help stratify individuals by risk and target those in need of secondary prevention.Trial registrationDRKS (Deutsches Register für klinische Studien, DRKS0 00259 49). Prospectively registered on 4th November, 2021.

ObjectivesTo identify the modifiable determinants targeted in interventions involving older adults, and to determine which of these interventions effectively increased physical activity (PA) and/or reduced sedentary behaviour (SB). Additionally, to explore whether the effects of these interventions vary based on the implementation setting.MethodsA search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) was performed in Medline, APA PsycArticles, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Risk of bias assessment was performed with Cochrane’s tool. Modifiable determinants were narratively synthesized, and random-effects models were performed to meta-analyse studies reporting device-measured physical activity or sedentary behaviour. Moderator analyses were performed to investigate the role of implementation setting. Standardized between-group mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to indicate effect sizes.ResultsFrom 31,727 individual records, 52 eligible studies published between 2012–2022 were identified, 30 and 22 studies from community and health care settings, respectively. Determinants within the category physical health and wellbeing (n = 23) were most frequently reported while only one study reported determinants within a social or cultural context. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing revealed an increase in steps (SMD = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.77) and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (SMD = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.64) among intervention participants compared to controls, whereas interventions targeting psychological or behavioural determinants showed no between-group differences in steps (SMD = 0.10; 95%CI: -0.12 to 0.32) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.75). Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing showed significant heterogeneity (p < 0.0001; I2 = 73.10%). Subgroup analyses showed a significant effect on device-measured physical activity for the eight community-based interventions (SMD = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.07 to 0.77), while no significant effect was found for the eight studies performed in healthcare settings (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI; -0.10 to 0.62).ConclusionInterventions targeting physical health and wellbeing may increase PA in older adults, with community-based studies appearing more effective than studies in healthcare settings. The significant heterogeneity of study findings indicates that further research is needed to fully understand the influence of PA and SB determinants across settings, particularly those related to psychological, behavioural, social, and cultural factors.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO: CRD42022287606.

To examine the tracking and trajectories of active commuting (AC) from childhood to midlife and their association with physical activity (PA) levels over 35 yr. Self-rated AC and PA data were extracted from the Young Finns Study across six phases (1983-2018) for tracking ( n = 2851) and trajectories ( n = 1220). Accelerometer-derived PA was quantified in 2018-2020 ( n = 1371). AC tracking was analyzed using Spearman's correlation, percentage agreements, and kappa statistics. Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct AC trajectories, and their associations with adult PA were subsequently evaluated. Tracking correlations of AC over 3-4, 6-7, 15, 18, and 35 yr for both sexes were 0.40-0.43, 0.30-0.33, 0.25-0.32, 0.20-0.23, and 0.15-0.22 in summer, and 0.38-0.42, 0.35-0.41, 0.30-0.40, 0.25-0.33, and 0.23-0.31 in winter, respectively. Percentage agreements exceeded 54%, with kappa statistics ranging from slight to fair over time. Based on AC trajectories, four classes were identified for men (M) and five for women (W): stable car commuting (M: 58.9%, W: 37.4%), decreasing AC (M: 16.5%, W: 22.2%), increasing AC (M: 12.8%, W: 17.3%), and stable AC (M: 11.8%), stable active walking (W: 12.2%), and stable active summer cycling (W: 10.8%). Compared with stable car-commuting ones, women who consistently walked or cycled in summer had higher adult moderate-to-vigorous PA and step counts. Men with consistent AC accumulated more steps and higher self-reported PA. Increasing AC in men also reported higher total PA. Stable AC participants were more physically active on weekdays, whereas men in the increased AC group were more active on weekends. Tracking of AC from childhood to mid-adulthood was low to moderately high. Stable and increasing AC trajectories predicted higher adult PA levels during weekdays or weekends.

The aim was to evaluate the use of an internal strategy (i.e., subjective organization) in relation to physical activity (PA) level in older adults. We expected (1) an effect of age on memory performance and subjective organization, in favor of younger adults, and (2) an association between PA and memory performance and between PA and organization index, particularly in older adults. Forty-five younger (M = 27.58 yo) and 45 older adults (M = 71.49 yo) learned a list of 19 semantically unrelated concrete nouns and took three consecutive recalls. An index was calculated from the order in which the words were recalled (pairwise frequency index, PFI). Participants reported their PA over the past year. Three General Linear Models were conducted to examine: (1) the effect of age and PFI on memory, (2) the effect of age and PA on memory, and (3) the effect of age and PA on PFI. Mediation analyses tested whether subjective organization (PFI) mediated the relationship between PA and memory recall. Younger adults recalled more words and used more subjective organization than older adults. In both age groups, those with better memory performance also used more subjective organization. Positive correlations were found between PA and memory performance in both younger and older adults, and between PA and subjective organization only in older adults. The mediation analysis revealed that PA's effect on memory was partially mediated by subjective organization, explaining 39% of the effect. The present study revealed that higher PA level in older adults was associated with increased recall and use of subjective organization strategy, addressing a gap in understanding the benefits of PA on memory during aging. The results are discussed in terms of the possible implication of executive functions, particularly for their role in implementing effective memory strategies during encoding.

Adults living with and beyond cancer (survivors) often face physical and psychological challenges, including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and depression, which impair quality of life (QOL). While exercise interventions are demonstrated to benefit survivors of solid tumors, their impact on survivors of blood cancer remains underexplored. This review evaluates the evidence regarding exercise interventions in survivors of blood cancer, focusing on intervention types, study participant characteristics, and reported outcomes. A literature search was conducted using Embase (Elsevier), Medline (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus (Elsevier) to identify studies on exercise interventions in survivors of blood cancer published through March 15, 2024. Articles were screened based on inclusion criteria, including adults aged 18 or older who completed cancer treatment and underwent exercise interventions. Exclusion criteria included pediatric populations, active cancer treatment, study protocols, incomplete results, or non-English publications. Seventeen studies were identified, including nine feasibility studies and eight randomized controlled trials. Participants, predominantly white, had a median age range of 31.5-63.5years. Interventions, often combining aerobic and resistance exercises, were delivered three times weekly over 8-12weeks. Feasibility studies reported adherence rates of 66-87% and retention rates of 70-95%, with improvements in QOL and physical function.Randomized controlled trials similarly demonstrated benefits in fatigue, QOL, and physical function. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise interventions improve QOL for survivors of blood cancer, though long-term effectiveness and adherence require further study. Future research should focus on diverse populations and long-term outcomes to develop tailored, accessible exercise interventions for survivors of blood cancer.

Background/Objectives: Physical activity (PA) is a key determinant of mental and physical health, yet its relationship with affective states remains insufficiently explored. Emotional factors, such as depression, anxiety, and motivation levels, can significantly impact PA engagement. This study aims to validate the Affective State and Physical Activity Questionnaire (ASPAQ), a novel 15-item instrument designed to assess the interplay between affective states and PA in adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 412 adults (145 males, 267 females, aged 18-65 years). Participants completed the ASPAQ alongside the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) on an online platform, with the support of trained operators. The psychometric properties of the ASPAQ were evaluated using reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and correlational analyses to assess convergent validity. Results: The ASPAQ demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.973; McDonald's omega = 0.973) and a unidimensional structure. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between ASPAQ scores and established measures of PA (IPAQ-SF) and depression (PHQ-9). EFA confirmed a single-factor model, reinforcing its conceptual integrity. Conclusions: The ASPAQ is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the relationship between affective states and PA. Its integration with established measures offers a comprehensive tool for evaluating emotional barriers to PA. Future studies should explore its predictive validity and potential applications in clinical and public health settings to inform personalized interventions promoting PA among individuals with affective challenges.