Phraseological System Research Articles

Фразеологічна експресивність у вінницькій пресі

Phraseology is a unique linguistic phenomenon and a communicative component of the language system, which functions actively and changes under the influence of extralingual and intralingual factors. Observations of modern media discourse convincingly show that the language of mass media reacts quite sensitively to the events and realities now, accumulating everything in the lexical and phraseological system of the language. In the article, mediaphraseology is considered as a complex of figuratively-expressive fixed expressions in the media language, which perform a text-creating role, give a special expressiveness, bright stylistic coloring to journalistic works. There are tendency to the use of such linguistic units in the original composition and in the transformed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the functioning peculiarities and expressiveness of phraseological units in modern regional press (on the material of the newspaper “Vinnychchyna”). The main research method is the descriptive method, which involves observation, classification, generalization and interpretation of phraseological means in journalistic works. At various stages of the research, the method of functional analysis was used to determine the expressive role of the phrase. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, as well as the special scientific methods of linguistic text analysis were also applied. Results. The phraseologisms, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms are obligatory linguistic-stylistic components of journalistic publications, a kind of source of expressive and emotional coloring of content, creating a special imagery and expressiveness in media texts. Analyzing the regional media discourse, we observe a variety of phraseological means. They express the stylistics and aesthetics of journalistic speech, aptly create an emotional flavor for a special perception of the text and a more effective impact on the reader's consciousness. The expressiveness of the phraseology relates to the concepts of imagery, evaluation, emotionality, connotation and intertextuality. Originality. Phraseological resources, like modern vocabulary, are dynamically updated, in particular in the media. It`s evidenced by linguistic and lexicographic works. Mediaphraseology was considered in structural-semantic, functional-stylistic and communicative-pragmatic aspects, mainly on materials of various all-Ukrainian publications. However, the regional segment of this media-linguistic field remains relevant and promising mainly for local researchers. Conclusion. In the Vinnytsia press (on the material of the weekly “Vinnychchyna”) we find various phraseological representations of figurative reinterpretation of the facts of reality, which strengthens the expressive potential of the presentation, condenses semantics and enlivens attention. Expressiveness acquires a kind of pragmatics in the phraseologized headlines of the Vinnytsia newspaper, which are less informative, but attract attention, intrigue with their veiled expression, give an impetus to decoding the title of the publication after reading it. Transformed phrasemes update the imagery of established expressions, actualize the emotional and expressive meaning, enrich the newly created context with certain connotations.

Фразеологизация сочетаний с семантикой дефекты внешности в современном сетевом бьюти-дискурсе

The author studied idioms with the meaning of appearance defects in digital beauty discourse using hashtagging is a new phraseologizing tool. New idioms with this semantics reflect the transformation of the linguistic worldview as they objectify the modern value attitudes. The high frequency of these idioms indicates that the semantic code of appearance is of great importance: the induced cultivation of appearance defects motivates users to achieve an ideal beauty image. The analysis revealed the transformation of the linguistic worldview through phraseological innovations that reflect the current value orientations. The paper also defines such terms as neophraseologisms, neophrasemes, phraseological neologisms, and phraseotransforms. The phraseological system follows the general trend of the rapid linguistic development caused by online discourse. Mass linguistic creativity, on the one hand, and global precedence, on the other, trigger many current processes in Russian society.

National Phraseological Units of Speech Behavior in the Kazakh, Russian and English Languages

Summary The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the phraseological systems of a particular language through the prism of national and cultural code of ethnicity, a value-based approach to the linguistic and communicative paradigm on the example of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages, the creation of national speech universals, identifying the area of their functioning and understanding of phraseological structures by native and non-native speakers of the language. The purpose of the study is an in-depth analysis of national, and cultural characteristics through the verbalisation of thought processes displayed in a diachronic language section. The main method of investigation is theoretical, involving the collection and study of a wide range of scientific literature on the stated topic, the identification of the main national elements through the study of the lexical-structural realisation of the value priorities of the people at the level of speech behaviour. The study addresses the unique transmission of folk wisdom by intralingual and extralingual means, the verbalisation of a nation’s thought activity and its results, different aspects of the study of these issues in world science for a complete language picture of a particular nation, the basic similarities, and differences in the mechanisms of operation of different language systems are analysed in detail. The materials presented in the study can be used in further phraseological studies on the moral values of the nation on the example of linguistic culture, the creation of linguistic studies on the influence of verbal and non-verbal factors on the development of people, to study the structural, semantic, stylistic characteristics of speech behaviour, to turn scientific interests into anthropocentric trends, to record and categorise the connotations of stable units and their speech equivalents in dictionaries, textbooks, scientific studies.

Phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" in Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages

The article is devoted to the ideographic and semantic characteristics of phraseological units. The subject of the study is the phraseological units of the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages, denoting deviant human behavior.The purpose of the article is to identify from the phraseological composition of the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages a group of phraseological units, the common semantic feature of which has an extralinguistic nature (all of them denote deviant human behavior), and to describe the semantic features of these phraseological units, taking into account the achievements of modern phraseological and psychological sciences. The scheme of ideographic classification of the language proposed by Professor Y. F. Pradid and tested in the works of his students was used in the work. The ideographic classification has the following structure: synonymic series → semantic group → semantic field → thematic group → thematic field → ideographic group → ideographic field → archipole. Two thematic groups are distinguished in the thematic field of phraseological units "Deviant human behavior": "Criminal human behavior", "Criminally non-punishable (non-contrary) immoral human behavior". The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of phraseology and psychology. A descriptive method was used when writing the article. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the complex mechanism of the phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" in Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages. The complex application of ideographic and semantic aspects allowed us to obtain new results regarding the essence and semantic organization of this layer of phraseological units, the place of the phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" in the structure of the phraseological system of the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages. The ideographic and semantic analysis of phraseological units combined into the phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" gave grounds to conclude that the structure of this thematic field corresponds to the categorization of deviant behavior presented in psychological science. The analysis of phraseological units denoting deviant human behavior will contribute to further linguistic research of phraseological ideography, the development of a general typology of research methods for phraseological microsystems in ideographic and semantic aspects.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯНЫ ОҚЫТУДА КОГНИТИВТІКОММУНИКАТИВТІ ӘДІС-ТӘСІЛДЕРДІ ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІСАБАҒЫНДА ҚОЛДАНУ

The article is aimed at defining a cognitive-communicativeapproach to teaching the Kazakh phraseological system. The cognitivecharacteristics of Kazakh phraseology are considered, which give definitions ofthe typological and lexical-semantic character, functional-stylistic classificationand pragmatic character of phraseological units. As the results of the researchwork, the work on the analysis of the results of experimental work on theimplementation of a cognitive-communicative model of teaching phraseologyat school is proposed, effective ways of solving the tasks are determined. Thecognitive field, which originates from the linguistic field of linguistics, and theuse of the cognitive field in the study of a particular topic, is today consideredone of the creative ways. The article shows the effective results of teaching thetopic of phraseology in the Kazakh language using cognitive-communicativemethods. The research work can be used by teachers of the Kazakh languageand literature as a teaching aid.

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT OF PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS IN PHRASEOLOGY

Language is a historical and social phenomenon. The phraseological system of each language was formed as a result of historical evolution and became a system. Despite the fact that phraseological research started in the second half of the 20th century, there has always been an interest in fixed combinations and their position in the language system. The speakers of the language conduct communicative relations at the level of uzus, that is, in a form that the society will understand and understand. The speech differs in its freer character than the uzus. But this difference has a certain range, and communicative relations take place within this range. In our study, the phraseological system of the Azerbaijani and Russian languages is the object of research in the diachronic and synchronic plan. The main goal of writing the article is to provide a scientific analysis of the research conducted so far on paradigmatic forms of phraseological combinations, to explain the theoretical problems of paradigmatic forms of phraseological combinations in comparable languages. During the research, literature analysis, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction methods were used in different languages.

The Study of the Features of the Most Usable Russian and English Phrases in the Armenian Classroom

Key words: linguo-culture, methodological approach, interactive method of teaching, phraseological semantics, language environment, linguistic image of the world, set of meanings This given article is dedicated to the study analysis of Russian and English phrases from semantic and linguo-cultural perspectives. Through the methods of selection, description, coordination and comparison we’ve observed the semantics of the most usable Russian and English phrases and offered approaches for their study by the first-year students of the «English language and literature» Department. The article presents the most applied phrasal units, their general and specific features. We’ve analyzed a number of phrases, the meanings of which contain national-cultural components. Having studied the subject matter in depth, we realized that phrases not only represent a linguistic means of expressing the concrete culture and national mentality, but also participate in the formation of the world perception of the given language – bearing people. The study of phrases of different languages necessarily reveals the very common thing that unites peoples, their national ideas, which is conditioned by the historical experience of a specific ethno-cultural community. Having analyzed the whole material, we came to the conclusion that generalized knowledge about the language is a mandatory condition for universal knowledge, without which it’s quite impossible to study any language, especially in the case when there is no specific language environment. The facts and linguistic structures presented in the article, in our deep conviction, can become a possible basis for the study of phraseological systems and units of different languages.

PECULIARITIES OF SLANGISMS TRANSLATION IN ANNA TODD’S NOVEL «AFTER»

Background. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of slangisms in Anna Todd’s novel After. The authors define slang as fragile, unstable, non-codified, and often completely random collections of lexemes that exist in the colloquial sphere, reflecting the public consciousness of people belonging to a certain social or professional environment. Slangisms are units of the lexical and phraseological system of slang used in popular oral and written speech. This article compares the translations of the novel After by the modern American writer A. Todd into Russian.
 Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the translation of slangisms on the example of official and unofficial (amateur) translations of A. Todd’s novel After.
 Materials and methods. The material of the study is A. Todd’s novel After, its official translation by M. Belyakov and an unofficial translation taken from the Ficbook.com website, performed by an amateur translator. During the study, a set of complementary research methods was used: theoretical analysis of scientific research on the problem, continuous sampling method, analysis and interpretation of the results obtained.
 Results. Based on the analysis of the corpus of examples, it was revealed that when translating slangisms in A. Todd’s novel After, such translation techniques as variant correspondence, semantic development, and contextual translation were most often used. When translating slangisms, translators considered such factors as the age, social and personal qualities of the characters, as well as the unique style of the author’s language.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LEXICAL VARIATION WITHIN THE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT ИМАМ КОЗ В РЪКАВА IN BULGARIAN PHRASEOLOGY

The present text discusses the lexical variation of the phraseological unit имам коз в ръкава in the Bulgarian phraseological system. That idiom is attested in many languages and in Bulgarian phraseology functions as a calque. It belongs to the group of idioms representing the idea for life as a gambling game. Three main types of lexical transformation within the idiom are observed: variation by substituting the verb имам, by substitution of lexical element коз and lexical variation by insertion. The variation is commonly based on substitution of the near-synonymous lexical elements and elements associatively connected. But there are some restrictions described in the analysis. The verb and the noun may also co-vary and that double lexical substitution is attested very often. The variation by lexical insertion within the idiom имам коз в ръкава leаds to variants where the adjective modifier (силен, скрит) does not change the idiom semantics, but intensifies the meaning. In the actual utterances lexical variation is not separable from the other type of phraseological modification - morphological, syntactic, they co-occur in the extracted examples. The lexical variants share semantic equivalence and common stylistic and functional features. The text finds that substitution is more widespread than the lexical insertion. The present research describes and some other occasional utterances.

Semantic features and the grammatical structure of phraseological unitswith components byk (bull) (vil (ox), buhai (bull)), cow (korova), telya (calf)

Introduction. The article examines the peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units (further – PUs) with the components of byk (bull) (vil (ox), buhai (bull)), cow (korova), telya (calf). It is noted that both phraseological macro- and microsystems in Ukrainian linguistics began to be intensively studied only in the late XX-early XXI centuries (see, for example, works by N. F. Grozyan, O. O. Kartamyshev, O. A. Moroz, M. I. Pelypasya, Y. F. Pradid, P. O. Redin, etc.). The source base of actual material for the analysis was interpreted and phraseological dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, Internet sites, as well as the author's own phraseological card file (26 PUs are subject to analysis), the theoretical and methodological basis of the investigation – the works of Ukrainian linguists, in which individual phraseological micro- and macro-systems were studied. Purpose. The purpose of the proposed article is to investigate the place of the PUs microsystem with the components of byk byk (bull) (vil (ox), buhai (bull)), cow (korova), telya (calf) in the Ukrainian phraseology, to describe the semantics features, grammatical organization representing this microsystem. Achieving this goal involves solving the following tasks: 1) to isolate the microsystem of PUs with the components of byk (bull) (vil (ox), buhai (bull)), korova (cow), telya (calf) from the phraseological composition of the Ukrainian language; 2) describe the peculiarities of the semantics of such PUs; 3) investigate the grammatical structure of the PUs of this microsystem. Methods. The descriptive method and its main methods are used as the main ones in the article: inventory and systematization of language material in synchrony. The work of Ukrainian linguists, who researched the surnames of the residents of Ukraine is the theoretical and methodological basis of the investigation. Result. The analysis of the PUs with the components of byk (bull) (vil (ox), buhai (bull)), cow (korova), telya (calf) gave grounds to summarize: 1. The microsystem of the PUs with the components of byk (bull) (vil (ox), buhai (bull)), cow (korova), telya (calf) is relatively small, but rather diverse in its semantic features and grammatical organization; 2. Such PUs, as well as the phraseological system of the Ukrainian language in general, are characterized by the phenomena of polysemy, synonymy, and variation; 3. The largest PUs of this microsystem was formed with the components vil (4 forms of the component, 12 PUs), telya (3 forms of the component, 7 PUs), the smallest – with the components of the buhai (1 form of the component, 1 PUs); 4. Almost all syntactic structures characteristic of the phraseological composition of the Ukrainian language in general are represented in the microsystem of the with the components of byk (vil, buhai), korova, telya: a) PUs, correlative with a subordinating phrase: bykam khvosty krutyty (it was either that or tipping cows), robyty z mukhy vola (buhaia) (don't make a mountain out of a molehill), diina korova (cash cow), etc.; b) PUs related to the comparative inflection: buhai u boloti (loud), yak vil pid obukhom (be indifferent), yak telia v narytnyku (be proud), etc.; c) PUs, correlative to a simple sentence, both monosyllabic: vola b ziv (hungry), and two-syllable: byk na vukho ratytseiu nastupyv (have a tin ear), u Boha telia ziv (be the worst), etc., as well as the subjunctive part of a compound sentence: de Makar teliat ne pas (ot far as the crow flies), yak korova yazykom zlyzala (to disappear), nache chornyi vil na nohu nastupyv (sad), etc.; 5. PUs with the component sky can appear in a sentence as a predicate (simple verb, compound noun, compound verb), circumstance; 6. Semantic features and grammatical peculiarities of such PUs should be a subject to run a separate investigation in comparative aspect. Originality. A cursory review of the scientific works of Ukrainian scientists gave reason to conclude that from PU with the components of byk (vil, buhai), korova, telya were not studied in the Ukrainian linguistic science, even in connection with the study of other problems.

CHINESE AND JAPANESE PHRASEOLOGISMS: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

The article is devoted to the study of the phraseological fund of the Chinese and Japanese languages, in particular to the comparative analysis of phraseological units from the point of view of their form, structure, features of drawing hieroglyphic signs, semantics and national-cultural components contained in them. The national-cultural specificity of the Chinese and Japanese phraseology is closely related to the characteristic features of the people’s consciousness, the relationship between the language and thinking, the language and culture, therefore the main research approach is primarily comparative, linguistic and cultural. The work examines the development of the Chinese language and culture on the formation and development of the phraseological system of the Japanese language, outlines the relationship between the Chinese and the Japanese idioms. A comparison of the forms of drawing hieroglyphs represents changes in the writing systems of the Chinese and Japanese languages, caused by the historical processes of the development of both languages. The diversity of language habits is reflected in the change in the order of words in a phraseological unit in the Japanese language while preserving the original meaning of the Chinese original source. A number of Japanese idioms borrowed from the Chinese language demonstrate the process of adaptation to the features of the Japanese language, which is determined by the change of certain components in the structure of the phraseology. Despite the close ties and borrowing of elements of the Chinese language and culture, the Japanese language has created its own, purely Japanese, phraseological units that contain national and cultural components that reproduce elements of the people’s lifestyle, customs and historical facts. The composition, structure, national and cultural connotation of the actual Japanese idioms distinguish them from idioms built with the norms of the wenyan, the classical Chinese language. They came from the Chinese language and then became entrenched in the language and consciousness of the Japanese people.

Ducation of future teachers to work with phraseology at Ukrainian language lessons in primary school

The article highlights the issue of training future teachers to work with phraseological units at Ukrainian language lessons in primary school. Our purpose is the formation and verification of the methodological tools for the study of phraseology in primary school through the newly discovered texts by Borys Grinchenko, which became the source for the «Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language» (1907 — 1909). The task of the article is to analyze typical educational programs of Oleksandra Savchenko and Roman Shiyan, textbooks on Ukrainian language and reading for NUS on the outlined topic; actualization of techniques «Let’s work with B. Grinchenko’s dictionary» (according to Antonina Movchun), semanticization of phraseological units using a lexical synonym and context; creation of the symbolic-vision method for the purpose of semanticizing persistent folk sayings in primary school; presentation the results of using outlined methods for studying phraseology by future primary school teachers. The algorithm, for using the technique of semanticizing persistent folk sayings with the help of context through the tall «One translation from the Ukrainian language» by B. Grinchenko, is presented: reading a virtual dialogue between the characters; detection of the phraseology in the text: a girl as beautiful as a full ‘roja’; a study of the meaning of the words ‘roja’ and ‘pyka’ according to B. Grinchenko’s «Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language»; adding conclusion about the context that reveal the meaning of a persistent folk saying: ‘a girl of extraordinary beauty’. The article presents the results of using the innovative approach of symbolic vision through Grinchenko’s manuscript «Words from the Kharkiv and Zmiyiv Districts» (lexical materials collected from the people, recorded in 1880-1882), which are included as examples in the articles of the «Dictionary...». Thus, the immeasurable importance of the manuscript and its introduction into scientific circulation have been clarified. The addition of the title of Grinchenko’s novel «Under the Quiet Willows» (1901) to «Winged Sayings in the Ukrainian Literary Language» (1975) has been updated. It was proved the introducing the antonomaz Еducator into the phraseological system of the Ukrainian language, because this year’s jubilee lived and worked for Ukraine.

Типологические, этимологические и когнитивные аспекты сопоставления фразеологизмов военной тематики в русском и китайском языках

Phraseology is part of the cultural heritage, reflecting the peculiarities of the worldview and the value system of a particular people. In this regard, phraseological units of military topics can give an idea of the perception of war and the army within the framework of individual cultures and languages. Since war is an integral part of life in most countries of the world, the peculiarities of the attitude towards it embodied in the language make it possible to understand its significance for the bearers of a particular culture. The aim of the study is to compare the phraseology of the military theme of the Russian and Chinese languages in the typological, etymological and cognitive aspects. This is the first time such a study is being conducted. The research material was Russian (284 units) and Chinese (3773 and 290 units) phraseological units extracted from various Russian-language and Chinese lexicographic publications (11 titles). In the course of the study, methods of continuous sampling, directional selection and simple probabilistic sampling, methods of linguistic observation and description, systematization and classification, comparative analysis, interpretation of data and their statistical processing, synthesis, abstraction and generalization were used. The types of phraseological units of military topics in the Russian and Chinese languages were established; the sources and time of origin of phraseology of military topics were described; the main mechanism for the formation of phraseological meanings of military idioms was identified; semantic groups of metaphorized images of phraseological units of military topics in the two languages were identified; the differences and similarities of the named semantic groups were indicated. The study concludes that the Chinese military phraseology is more anthropocentric and anthropomorphic in comparison with the Russian military phraseological system. In general, the results of the study allow characterizing the military phraseology of the Chinese language as having emerged in an earlier period and having a greater number of units. This is explained both by the longer period of existence of the Chinese civilization and the typological features of the system of Chinese hieroglyphic writing, which has preserved written monuments containing phraseological units for thousands of years, and by the importance of war and the military sphere in Chinese culture.

Semantics of Phraseological Units with a Borrowed Component in the Speech of Russian Germans

This article reflects the results of a study on identifying the semantic features of phraseological units containing borrowings from the Russian language in the dialects of Russian Germans. The scientific novelty of the study includes the description of the specifics of the meaning of phraseological units of insular Russian-German dialects containing borrowed elements in their composition, tracing phraseological units created by German dialect means to convey the semantics of Russian set expressions, as well as semi-calques containing direct borrowings from the Russian language. The phraseological fund, presented in the text corpus of the Russian-German dialects existing in the Altai Territory, is characterized by significant originality, as it contains many phraseological units that differ from the standard and the original dialect variants. These features are reflected in the analysis of the studied fragment of the phraseological system of Russian-German dialects, phraseological units with components borrowed from the Russian language. As a result of the study, it was proved that borrowed words, penetrating into German phraseological units from the main lexical fund, acquire an expressive coloring, giving the phraseological unit additional evaluative meanings. Traced phraseological units of the Russian language serve to expand the phraseological fund of insular German dialects.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ РУССКОЙ И КИТАЙСКОЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЗООНИМЫ

Statement of the problem. Language and culture are closely interrelated. On the one hand, language as a cultural product created by a society reflects the general culture of the people. On the other hand, language is part of culture, it is one of its elements. In other words, language is an integral part of culture and its instrument. The phraseology of the language reflects the culture and history of the people most vividly. Phraseology studies contribute to deeper understanding of the language being studied, therefore, a comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese phraseological units containing zoonyms is relevant, and the results of the analysis can be used when teaching Russian to Chinese students. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for a comprehensive study of animalistic phraseological units and to develop recommendations for conducting classes for Chinese students on the study of Russian phraseological units, taking into account their native language. Methodology (materials and methods). The research material included phraseological units with an animalistic component of meaning extracted by continuous sampling from the phraseological dictionaries of E.N. Telia and Zhou Jisheng. The study used a descriptive and analytical method of theoretical analysis of reference and encyclopedic, didactic, linguistic, psychological, pedagogical, and linguistic methodological literature on the research problem. Research results. Comparative analysis of cultural connotations of animal images in Russian and Chinese phraseological units is of great importance for the development of linguistics and is of practical significance, since the results of the analysis can be used in the development of the Russian-as-a-Foreign-Language lesson plan for Chinese students. Conclusions. Russian and Chinese comparative analysis of animalistic phraseological units in one of the lessons showed that the study of phraseological units with an animalistic component, where images of animals with a common cultural connotation are used, helps Chinese students to better identify the specifics of the Russian phraseological system, contributes to the prevention of errors in understanding and use of idioms.

The linguistic concept of phraseological units denoting the personality inner world in the modern Ukrainian and English languages

The article is devoted to the definition of the peculiarities of the metaphorization of phraseological units to denote the inner world of a person in the Ukrainian language. The main purpose of the article is the definition of the peculiarities of phraseological units which denote the inner world of a person in the Ukrainian and English languages.The object of the investigation is the phraseological units expressing the feelings and emotions of a person (emotional phraseological unit).The methodology of the study was based on the cognitive-pragmatic and structural approaches, the descriptive method was used in the work, which made it possible to single out the studied units in the phraseological system of the Ukrainian and English languages and carry out their systematization. The linguistic study has demonstrated that, phraseological units (PhU) expressing human emotions and feelings (emotional phraseological units) in Ukrainian and English represent one of the most significant and expressive groups of phraseological fund units in the language system. Due to the linguistic ambiguity and diffuseness of emotions, one and the same phraseological unit can denote two or more subgroups, but this is not characteristic of all phraseological units. Thus, in the phraseological field "Emotions and human feelings" there are diffuse zones, the units of which are included in different semantic groups.The authors proved, that phraseological units based on physiological sensations, gestures, and facial expressions are generally similar in the two languages due to the weak fate of control on the part of the human, the universally felt nature, and the universal tendency to phraseologize metaphorical word combinations that call these sensations and gestures.

Nomination secondaire dans le système linguistique français et propriétés générales des idiomes

Linguistics has developed in recent years towards taxonomic models of structuralism, communication and pragmalinguistics, as well as towards textual linguistics and, later, towards cognitive linguistics. The shift in research paradigms in linguistics has also changed with respect to phraseology. Each linguistic orientation has posed its own range of problems in the study of phraseology in general and the semantics of phraseological units in particular. In our study, analyzing the main directions of research in modern phraseology, we will pay more attention to such an analysis, "which is based on the study of many factors that influence the formation and functioning of the phenomena of the phraseological system" (Baranov). At the same time, it seems that one of the most fundamental factors is the internal form of the phraseological units, which determines the semantic, pragmatic and culturological characteristics of the phraseological units. This work is based on the functional-parametric principle of description of phraseological units, which makes it possible to trace and identify the polystructural modeling features of phraseological semantics on the French language corpus.

LAZAR BARANOVYCH’S EPISTOLARY AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE DYNAMICS OF THE PHRASEOLOGICAL COMPOSITION IN UKRAINIAN OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY

Lazar Baranovych’s epistolary heritage in Ukrainian studies has not found proper elaboration, though upon the presentation of a fragment of the Archbishop of Chernihiv’s work, it was and still remains the source of the study of the linguistic situation in the second half of the 17th century. The intermediate status of the genre of correspondence allowed L. Baranovych to go beyond the traditional church-formal style. Recorded phraseological units, which are different in origin, demonstrate the ability of the cleric to choose not only the language of correspondence depending on the final destination, but also set expressions that add emphasis and individuality to letters. Most often we find phraseological units in religious, domestic and professional spheres. They testify to both lexical and morphological variability, but we do observe cases of semantic transformation, when phraseological unit, known at the time in Ukrainian literary language, acquires a new meaning due to the contextual environment. L. Baranovych resorts to the contamination of phraseological units: this phrase-making is carried out by the Archbishop of Chernihiv mainly with set expressions with the Holy Scripture as their source.
 The analyzed letters testify that most of the recorded phraseological units have a negative connotation as a result, on the one hand, of mental critical attitude of Ukrainians to their actions, doings, character traits, on the other – the situation in Ukrainian society of the Ruins era, which significantly affected the church.
 Most recorded phraseological units are verb-preposition-noun or verb-noun constructions. Some of them are characterized by the presence of optional components, which can be adjectives, pronouns, verbs and which, while extending the set structure, specify semantics of the phraseological unit. Word order in phraseological units does not yet have a clear consolidation, which allows to distinguish the so-called inversion variants.
 Epistolary of Lazar Baranovych testifies to the formation of systemic relations in phraseological composition of the Ukrainian language in the second half of the 17th century. Borrowed or calqued phraseological units engage in synonymous and antonymic relationships with each other or with Church Slavonic or Ukrainian, creating a linguistic competition between the Church’s written tradition and the element of life.
 Historical development of phraseological system of L. Baranovych’s letters has shown that the analyzed set expressions with corresponding lexical and grammatical transformations were inherited by the new Ukrainian language, which proves the continuity of the development not only of phrasicon, but of the Ukrainian language as a whole.

Анализ английских пословиц, вербализующих концепт MONEY в современной языковой картине мира

The aim of the paper is to identify the culturally specific component composition of the MONEY concept based on the analysis of the English proverbs selected from the Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs by J. Speake. The author pays the main attention to the definition of the notions of the concept and the linguistic worldview, the practical study of the MONEY concept based on the English proverbs. The scientific novelty of the work lies in researching the model of a specific linguistic vision of the world fragment called “money”: the means of expressing the MONEY concept in the lexical and phraseological system of the language are revealed, the semantic groups of money involved in the representation of this concept in the modern linguistic worldview are studied. The results make it possible to classify the MONEY concept in proverbs into nine semantic groups.

LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGIES ON THE SYMBOLS OF EXCITEMENT IN THE UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

The article reveals the national and cultural specificity of phraseological units for excitement in the Ukrainian and Russian languages. The purpose of this work is to determine the national and cultural features of Ukrainian and Russian phraseological units (PhU) for the designation of concern, excitement, worry, anxiety based on the specifics of customs, beliefs, and everyday life that are reflected in them. The object of the study is Ukrainian and Russian phraseological units for the designation of concern, excitement, worry, anxiety. The subject of the study is the presence / absence of nationally and culturally specific features of Ukrainians and Russians in the display of such PhUs. As a result of comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of the PhU of this phraseological microsystem in the Ukrainian and Russian languages, based on the structural-grammatical, semantic and functional features of the PhU in each of these languages, as well as the use of selection criteria and the appropriate method of researching the material, it was found that they are equivalent, close or similar and non-equivalent Ukrainian and Russian equivalents of phraseological units denoting concern, excitement, worry, anxiety. Conclusions are made about the presence of equivalent, non-equivalent phraseological units and analogous phraseological units in the Ukrainian and Russian phraseological systems.