Photocolorimetric Method Research Articles

Photoprotective activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona subnitida (Apidae, Meliponinae) in the semiarid of the Brazilian Northeast

Although geopropolis has been the subject of many chemical and pharmacological studies, there are few studies investigating the photoprotective activity of formulations containing propolis. Thus, we investigated in vivo the photoprotective efficacy of the cream containing geopropolis extract by macroscopic and histological evaluation of the skin of Wistar rats subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UVB). We also evaluated the chemical composition of hydroethanolic extract using the HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS technique, as well as antioxidant activity by the photocolorimetric method of free radical DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) and cytotoxic activity by the in vitro MTT quantitative method [brometo de 3- (4.5dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2.5-difeniltetrazolio]. The extract had a varied chemical composition, 29 different phenolic compounds being detected, distributed between phenols and flavonoids, the latter being represented by chalcones, flavones and flavonols. The highest percentages of DPPH inhibition e o baixo valor de IC50 indicaram que o extrato apresentou alta atividade antioxidante. The hydroethanolic extract did not exert cytotoxic effects since high percentages of viability of L929 fibroblasts were observed after incubation for 72 hours at different concentrations of the extract. On skin submitted to cream application containing of geopropolis extract and the irradiation with UVB did not occur macroscopic and histological lesions. Thus, we concluded that the cream containing of geopropolis extract produced by Melipona subnitida was able to protect the skin from lesions induced by UVB irradiation, thus demonstrating photoprotective effect.

Izucheniye submarinnoy razgruzki podzemnykh vod u mysa Ayya: mul'titrassernyy podkhod

Pupose. The study of submarine groundwater discharge is one of the most pressing issues of modern hydrogeology and oceanography. The purpose of the paper is to represent a comprehensive study of the submarine groundwater discharge focus at the Cape Ayia using the hydrological, hydrochemical and radiochemical methods, as well as to determine the flux of submarine groundwater including the nutrients. Methods and Results. The scientific investigations were carried out during the coastal expeditions nearby the Cape Ayia on March 24, 2019, and also on April 22–24, 2019 during the 106th cruise of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky” (April 18–May 13, 2019). The isotopes 226Ra, 228Ra were extracted using the proprietary MnO2-based fibers. After concentration, the sorbent was squeezed to remove excess water, dried and ashed. Then the ash was placed in the Petri dishes and poured with epoxy resin. Activity of the radionuclides was measured on a low-background semiconductor γ-spectrometer with a detector of high-purity germanium (GC3020) in 3 weeks after the resin casting. The activity of 226Ra was determined by the daughter radionuclide 214Pb with the energy 351.9 keV (qγ = 37.2%), and that of 228Ra – by the daughter 228Ac (T1/2 = 6.1 h, qγ = 27.7%) with the energy 911.6 keV. The basic elements of the main biogenic cycle were determined using the photo-colorimetric means: mineral phosphorus – by molybdenum blue, silicon – by silicon-molybdenum complex. Nitrates (reduced to nitrites) and nitrites were determined by azo dye; ammonium – by indophenol blue also by the photo-colorimetric method. Conclusions. Distribution of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and radiochemical parameters in the water area connected with the known focuses of the groundwater submarine discharge was studied. For the first time, the distribution of the 226Ra, 228Ra isotopes was studied. The data on salinity, volumetric activity of the 226Ra, 228Ra isotopes and the nutrients concentration permitted to determine the flows of submarine underground waters in the Cape Ayia area, which amounted to 8220 ± 1200 m3/day. The anthropogenic contribution to pollution of the groundwater forming the submarine sources is shown.

The role of recovered thiols in venous endothel adaptation in case of autovenous reconstruction of lower limb arteries

Purpose. To evaluate the role of thiol status and its correlative relationship with the level of nitric oxide metabolites and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in the blood plasma of patients with critical lower limb ischemia (CLI) after autovenous reconstructions of femoropopliteal segment’s arteries in the setting of venous endothelium of the arterial bed. Materials and methods . 54 patients with critical lower limb ischemia had been examined and divided into groups: synthetic prosthesis, in situ autovenous bypass procedure and reversed vein autovenous bypass procedure. Peripheral venous blood was taken on the 1 st and 10th days, and in 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. Nitric oxide metabolites level was examined with photocolorimetric method by reaction with Griess reagent on a microplate analyzer (Awareness Technology, USA). VEGF-A number estimation was done by ELISA test (PersonalLab, Italy) with the use of Human VEGF-A Platinum ELISA. The level of thiol (SH-) groups was estimated with the use of Ellman’s reagent (SERVA, Germany) on spectrophotometer (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation). Results. The concentration of VEGF-A and the level of SH-groups increase on the 10th day and after 1 month in the group of patients operated on using a synthetic prosthesis. The level of NO metabolites, the concentration of VEGF-A, and the content of SH-groups increase statistically significantly and then decrease to the initial values in the group of patients operated on by reversed vein autovenous bypass procedure. In the group of patients operated on by the in situ method, the level of nitric oxide metabolites increases, the concentration of VEGF-A increases on the 10th day, the level of SH-groups increases, and a positive correlation was found between the content of SHgroups and the concentration of VEGF-A. Conclusion . NO metabolites contribute to the build-up of SH groups and VEGF-A in patients operated by the “reversed vein” method, and in patients in the in situ group, the concentration of VEGF-A and the level of SH groups are not affected, which may be of clinical importance when prescribing NO donors. The revealed patterns of change in the level of recovered thiols, nitrogen oxide metabolites, VEGF-A in combination with analysis of early and late postoperative complications make it possible to conclude the advantage of autovenous reconstruction of the femoropopliteal segment due to functional adaptation of the venous endothelium compared to the group of patients, operated on by the method of “synthetic prosthesis”. Method in situ on biochemical and angiological indicators proved to be more favorable in terms of the clinical course, than the “reversed vein” method.

IMPROVEMENT OF DIATOMITE CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS APPLICATION FOR WINE FILTRATION

Diatomite is widely used as a filtering material in spirit-containing systems industry. In the presented paper, different types of treatment of diatomite from the Jradzor deposit, and the effectiveness of application of the modified samples for filtering the home-made wine have been studied. It is shown that due to the treatment of the raw diatomite sample, the surface characteristics and filtration (sorption) parameters of raw diatomite are improved. At first, raw diatomite from Jradzor deposit was water treated to remove the clay additives, then thermally treated at 900 0C and after it some samples were γ-irradiated by 500 Gr- a dose, which is acceptable for foods. Based on nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, the values of the specific surface by the methods of BET and BJH have been determined. Also, the values of microporous and total pore volume, humidity and bulk density have been determined for the treated samples of diatomite. The effectiveness of home-made wine filtration capability for two modified samples of diatomite have been studied. The effect of the filtering material amount and the filtering material-filtrate shaking time on the effectiveness of filtration has been studied by the photocolorimetric method. It is established that the γ-irradiated samples, which pass the water and thermal treatments at 900 0C, are more effective than the filtering materials

Активність ензимів катаболізму пуринових нуклеотидів у печінці щурів за умов аліментарного дисбалансу

The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of purine nucleotide catabolism enzymes, in particular, AMP-deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, guanosine deaminase, and guanosine phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase in the cytosolic fraction of the liver of rats under conditions of different dietary supply of sucrose and dietary proteins. Enzyme activity was determined by photo colorimetric method: AMP-deaminase activity by the amount of ammonia formed by deamination of AMP, which has a maximum absorption at λ-540 nm and 5'-nucleotidase activity by the amount of Pn formed by hydrolysis of AMP at λ-8. The activity of guanosine phosphorylase, guanosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase was determined by spectrophotometric method. The results of studies have shown that due to consuming a high-sucrose diet in on the background of protein deficiency, the activation of purine nucleotide catabolism is observed and it can lead to disruption of the regulation of energy-dependent processes in liver cells. A critical factor influencing on the state of the purine nucleotide system and the activity of enzymes of their catabolism is alimentary protein deficiency.

Impact of the electrochemical treatment on physical and chemical properties of water activated in various devices using electrochemical activation technology

Introduction. Currently, there are various technologies for water treatment and water purification, including ozonation of water, water treatment with UV radiation, ion exchange, magnetization. Electrochemical treatment of water by direct electric current, in which activated water is formed, characterized by many anomalous properties, is a modern approach to water treatment and water treatment. Purpose of the study. The study of the physicochemical properties of water-activated in devices of different manufacturers with different designs. Material and methods. To activate the water, activators were used: AP-1, Melesta, Zdrava, the filter of electrochemical water purification “ Izumrud”. The activity of hydrogen ions and the redox potential of water were measured using an Ecotest-120 ionomer with a switch. To measure the electrical conductivity of the solutions, an Expert-002 conductometer was used. Free chlorine was determined by the photocolorimetric method on a Spectroquant Multy colorimeter. Antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically using a mediator system of potassium ferro-ferricyanide. Results. Chloride ions make a decisive contribution to the change in the physicochemical characteristics of anolyte upon activation of water. Sulfates and bicarbonates do not affect the prooxidant activity of the anolyte. The relaxation of catholytes obtained in membrane activators proceeds by a gradual increase in ORP, while the relaxation of activated water in the Zdrava diaphragmless activator proceeds in an oscillatory mode and is characterized by sharp changes in ORP. Anolytes are stable over time and slightly change the pH and ORP during storage. The activation of certain types of water in a diaphragmless activator does not lead to a decrease in the ORP, but its significant growth. Conclusion. Electrochemically activated water is a general term that hides in each case an unknown substance with an unpredictable effect. The use of standard devices even when using the same water sample, as a rule, leads to different physicochemical characteristics of activated water. When using different types of water, physicochemical characteristics differ significantly. The use of electrochemically activated water is unsafe.

Comparison of cytotoxicity of vascular prostheses in vitro

Aim. To study and compare cytotoxicity of the main types of synthetic prostheses used in arterial reconstructive surgery, including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene-terephthalate (Dacron).
 Materials and Methods. On the culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) of the 3rd passage, MTS test was conducted that is used in laboratory examinations with attraction of cellular technologies to study cytotoxicity of medical drugs and medical products. The test implies use of MTS reagent that is 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium; additionally phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was used that plays the role of electron-binding reagent. In the experiment, cells were incubated with PTFE and Dacron within 24 hours at 37ᵒC with 5% CO2. For control, HUVEC cultured in the standard growth medium, were used. In the presence of PMS, MTS was reduced by mitochondrial dehydrogenases of endothelial cells to formazan staining blue. Supernatant of cell cultures was evaluated by photocolorimetric method on Stat Fax 3200 analyzer (microplate reader) of Awareness technology Inc. Palm City Fl. (USA).
 Results. The lowest mean values were noted in Dacron group 0.21 (0.20-0.22) optical density units, the highest values were noted in the control group 0.36 (0.35-0.38); parameters in PTFE group were 0.35 (0.33-0.36). In comparison of the groups statistically significant differences were found between the control group and Dacron group (р0.001), control and PTFE group (р=0.037), Dacron and PTFE (р0.001). Incubation with Dacron led to suppression of metabolic activity of cells by 41.7% as compared to the control group (р0.001). Metabolic activity of cells exposed to PTFE, approached that of the control group, that is, it corresponded to the optimal conditions of culturing of endothelial cells in vitro.
 Conclusion. In comparison with polyethylene-terephthalate (Dacron), polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) showed the least suppression of metabolic activity of endothelial cells in vitro.

Avaliação do potencial antioxidante e da atividade antibacteriana do extrato da polpa de Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC

Espécies do gênero Psidium tem se apresentado eficiente quanto a características de interesses nutricionais, como riqueza em vitaminas e em substâncias antioxidantes. Além disso, atividade antibacteriana, tem sido evidenciada por extratos de espécies do gênero Psidium. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem a finalidade avaliar o potencial antioxidante e a atividade antibacteriana do extrato da polpa de Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC.. Os compostos fenólicos totais foram quantificados utilizando o reagente de Folin – Ciocalteau. O potencial antioxidante do extrato de Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC. foi determinado pelo método fotocolorimétrico in vitro por sequestro do radical livre estável DPPH. Para avaliar a capacidade antibacteriana do extrato, fez uso do método de microdiluição em caldo. Os compostos fenólicos totais encontrados no extrato representam o valor de 1211 mg GAE/100 g da amostra. O extrato de Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC. apresentou alto potencial antioxidante, provavelmente devido ao seu elevado teor de compostos fenólicos. A espécie também evidenciou atividade inibitória contra todas as cepas bacterianas testadas. À vista disso é possível inferir que a polpa de Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC., mostra-se uma fonte rica em compostos fenólicos toais e potencial antioxidante, sendo assim sua ingestão se faz importante. Quanto à atividade antibacteriana mais estudos são necessários envolvendo possíveis associações desse extrato com outras substâncias, como forma de potencializar seu uso.

APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) dan (Prothrombin Time) pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of atherothrombotic events. Hyperglycemia and other metabolic disorders in T2DM are associated with abnormalities of hemostasis system and thrombosis that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Routine laboratory tests to examine the hemostasis system are Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). This study aimed to describe the abnormalities of APTT and PT in patients with T2DM in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya. Twenty subjects with T2DM in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya were obtained using purposive sampling techniques and blood samples were examined with a COATX Biosystem coagulation using photocolorimetric method. This study found that was 70% APTT are shortened, 5% APTT are prolonged and 25% APTT were normal. While the PT results were 25% PT are shortened and 75% APTT were normal. Abnormalities of APTT and PT in T2DM patients in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya showed an abnormality of the coagulation system so as to allow a tendency for bleeding and cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients. Routine coagulation test should be continued to help better diabetes mellitus management in order to prevent micro or macrovascular complications.

STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC HYDRAZINOLYSIS OF HIGHER FATTY ACIDS

In this work, the reaction of hydrazinolysis of higher fatty acid in the presence of an ionite catalyst is considered for the first time. Synthetic commodity anion exchange resin AB-17-8 was used as a catalyst. Before use, the anionite was converted to OH-form and its exchange capacity was determined. The experiments were made in the static conditions in a glass reactor with mixing of the reaction mixture.The reaction of palmitic acid with hydrazine yielded the corresponding hydrazide. The influence of various factors (quantity of hydrazine hydrate, catalyst, butyl alcohol, temperature, reaction duration) on the formation of palmitic acid hydrazide was studied. It is shown that with an increase in the amount of hydrazine hydrate in the initial mixture from 2.0 to 2.52 g per gram of palmitic acid, the yield of hydrazide increases, and further increase in the concentration of this reagent leads to a decrease in the selectivity of the process, due to the occurrence of side condensation reactions. Increasing the amount of catalyst from 2 to 3 g per gram of palmitic acid leads to an increase in the yield of hydrazide. It reveals optimum conditions of synthesis under which the most palmitic hydrazide yield made 90%. The analysis of the initial substances and the reaction product was carried out using the photocolorimetric method. As a result, the IR spectroscopic researches of the mechanism of hydrazinolysis reaction of the palmitic acid with active centers of anion-exchange. It is shown that the reaction proceeds with the formation of transition complexes on the surface of the anion exchange resin. The practical value of this work is to develop an effective method of palmitic acid hydrazide preparation. Keywords: palmitic acid, hydrazine, hydrazide, catalyst.

Tooth shade analysis and selection in prosthodontics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim:To evaluate the methods of the dental shade selection and provide a summary of different factors affecting the shade selection.Design and Setting:The systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials and Methods:The electronic search of the peer-review articles between 2002 and 2018 was carried out the by using the PRISMA guidelines. A total twenty-one studies related to the visual shade methods, instrumental shade methods, and the factors affecting the shade selections was evaluated. The search strategy was based on the PICOS framework.Statistical Analysis:There was statistically significant heterogeneity (Q = 1038.1518, df = 20, and P < 0.0001). The statistics of fixed-effect model reported an MD of − 0.0970 (95% CI = −0.1391, −0.0549). The random-effect model reported an MD of − 0.0862 (95% CI = −0.5866, 0.4142).Result:The review evaluated the 21 studies of tooth colour science that met with the inclusion criteria and search criteria. The meta-analysis of the 21 combined studies reported acceptable homogeneity (i2 = 98%) which indicates a statistically significant difference between the treatment and control groups.Conclusion:The VES spectrophotometer reported the highest accuracy, reliability, and repeatability in shade selection followed by photo colorimetric method. The Vita 3D master shows more consistent results in repetitive shade selection. Knowledge and training of the shade selection protocol are necessary for proper shade matching

Хемилюминесцентный метод определения несимметричного диметилгидразина в водных объектах

Для оперативного контроля качества водных сред предложен хемилюминесцентный метод количественного определения несимметричного диметилгидразина (НДМГ) в водных объектах. В основе метода анализа НДМГ лежит определение расхода окислителя на нейтрализацию исследуемого вещества. В качестве окислителя использован перманганат калия, подкисленный концентрированной серной кислотой до рН = 1-2. На первом этапе перманганат калия реагирует с НДМГ, далее количество непрореагировавшего окислителя измеряется в ходе его реакции с люминолом методом хемилюминесценции. По результатам изменения интенсивности излучения света в реакции хемилюминесценции определяется концентрация окислителя в реакционной смеси, что позволяет количественно определить содержание НДМГ в пробе. Концентрацию НДМГ определяют по максимальной интенсивности свечения в системе люминол - подкисленный перманганат калия. Показано, что предлагаемый метод превосходит по точности измерений традиционный фотоколориметрический метод определения НДМГ. При этом хемилюминесцентная реакция позволяет значительно сократить продолжительность снятия показаний и ускорить обработку данных (продолжительность измерений не превышает 2,5 мин), т.е. обеспечить экспресс-анализ НДМГ в растворах в полевых условиях и в мобильных лабораториях. A chemiluminescence mediated procedure for quantitative determination of unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) in water bodies is proposed which can be applied for prompt quality control of aqueous media. The UDMH analysis is based on determining an oxidizing agent uptake required for neutralization of the analyzed compound. Potassium permanganate acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid for pH value adjustment up to 1-2 is used as the oxidizing agent. The first step of the procedure involves interaction of potassium permanganate with UDMH followed by chemiluminescence reaction of unreacted oxidant residues with luminol. Measurements of changes in the intensity of light emission in the chemiluminescence reaction are performed for determination of concentration of the oxidizing agent in the reaction mixture, which provides quantitative determination of UDMH content in the sample. The concentration of UDMH is calculated from maximum luminous intensity in the luminol - acidified potassium permanganate system. The proposed method has demonstrated a superior accuracy as compared to the traditional photocolorimetric method for determining UDMH. Moreover, the chemiluminescent reaction allows to reduce significantly the duration of the analytical procedure and accelerates the data processing (the average time of measurement does not exceed 2.5 minutes), i.e. provides express-analysis of UDMH in aqueous solutions, in particular, in the field conditions and mobile laboratories.

Veterinary and sanitary evaluation of rabbit as an important reserve of dietary products

The purpose of the study was to perform a comparative veterinary sanitary examination and vetting the rabbit meat of two breeds, depending on the time of year. The subject of the study was 4-month-old male rabbits raised in the private farm, certified with California matured breeds and a Belgian giant (Flanders). According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of rabbits of 6 heads were formed (2 each in spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons). Before slaughter was determined – the index of abrasion (girth by shoulder blades, divided by the length of the trunk and multiplied by 100%). Carried out anatomical section of carcasses and determined the output of meat. Then they carried out veterinary-sanitary examination by conventional methods. Biochemical studies of meat samples were performed 12 hours after slaughter at storage at 0 – +2 °C. Chemical analysis of the samples included determination of the water content, total protein, ash and macronutrients: Calcium (oxalate method), Phosphorus (photocolorimetric method by A.Yu. Levitsky in AT Usovich's modification). The results were statistically processed using a MS Excel 2003 computer program using a Student's t-test table. The 4-month-old rabbit meat is of California matured breeds and the Belgian giant (flanders) has high, almost equivalent, organoleptic-tasting characteristics. In terms of taste, tenderness, juiciness, color and aroma, the overall average score in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods, respectively, was: California maturity – 4.7–4.8, and 4.6–4.7; Belgian Giant (Flanders) – 4.8–5.0 and 4.7–4.8 points. The broth of experimental rabbit meat had a delicate, sophisticated aroma and taste, good transparency and received the following points on a 5-point system: California matured and flanders in spring and summer – 5.0, in autumn and winter – 4.8 points. A comparative analysis of the breed characteristics of the studied rabbit identical samples revealed that the Belgian giant (flanders) has the highest moisture-holding capacity in the spring-summer period. The amount of bound water in the muscles of 4-month-old rabbits of the Flanders breed is slightly higher, so it will be more tender and juicy after cooking. The highest slaughter yield was determined in 4-month-old rabbits of the Belgian giant (flanders) and Californians reared in the spring-summer period, respectively – 56.51 ± 0.2% and 0.75 ± 0.63% (P ≤ 0.001). Among the 2 breeds of 4-month-old rabbits, the largest live and slaughter weights reached the rabbits grown in spring and summer (respectively: Belgian giant – 3375 ± 27.0 g and 1912.03 ± 19.4 g; Californians – 2956.5 ± 6.74 g and 1502.48 ± 5.89 g (P ≤ 0.001) .The amount of nutrients in rabbit depends on the breed and time of year. The lowest protein content is found in the meat of 4-month-old rabbits of the California maturing breed period) – 15.47 ± 0.58%, and the highest – in 4-month flanders (spring-summer period) – 23.02 ± 0.78% (P ≤ 0.05). not, however, more meaty and less calorie meat is rabbit california matured breed, regardless of the time of year.

Analysis of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coating on a glass as a criterion of its ability to self-cleaning

The object of research is the process of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on glass coated with titanium oxide under the influence of ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation). The study aims to indirectly assess the ability of glasses to self-clean. An axiomatic assumption is made about the correlation between self-cleaning ability and photocatalytic activity.The proprietary photocatalytic reactor is used. This is a cylindrical quartz glass cavity in the form of a glass, on the inner surface of which a photocatalytic coating of titanium oxide is preliminarily applied. The cavity of the glass is filled with a solution of methylene blue. Externally, the glass is irradiated with a mercury-quartz lamp. UV radiation passes unhindered through quartz glass and activates photocatalytic coatings on the back side. To activate the process requires the participation of atmospheric oxygen. To do this, the solution is bubbled with air from a perforated annular tubular collector located at the bottom of the glass.The solution of methylene blue after various exposure times is subjected to spectral analysis. The kinetics of dye degradation is estimated by the photocolorimetric method with a decrease in the intensity of the characteristic absorption band of methylene blue. The bleaching process is clearly demonstrated on the color chart.The novelty of the proposed scheme for the functioning of the photocatalytic reactor is that UV radiation activates the coatings acting on it from the side of the inner interface: quartz glass coating. Electron-hole pairs migrate to the surface and, under conditions of contact with oxygen, carry out the photocatalysis of the model solution. Such a design of the photocatalytic reactor device compares favorably with the known ones because UV radiation does not pass through the studied model fluid. This excludes the possibility of their interaction, may introduce an error in the final results.

CLEANING OF WATER BY COAGULANTS RECEIVED FROM WASTE ALUMINUM MANUFACTURING

To date, the unresolved part of the scientific problem is the utilization of sludge - waste of alumina plants, for example, the Mykolaiv Alumina Plant, which contains iron oxides and aluminum in its composition.The article reviews the coagulants obtained from waste aluminum production, the composition of which consists of aluminum and iron compounds, the effect of sulfuric acid (KH-1 coagulant) and hydrochloric acid (KH-2 coagulant), that is, the determination of the doses of the reagents that contribute effective illumination and discoloration of water when purified by settling and filtration. As a comparison, aluminum sulfate and Polwak were used. Polwak is a coagulant produced in Ukraine, it contains 2/3 and 1/3 aluminum hydroxychlorides.In these studies, model solutions of bentonite and humate of sodium were used in Artesian water of the city of Mykolaiv. To reduce the turbidity of the model suspension of bentonite and to reduce the color of the suspension of sodium humate to a sample of 200 cm3 water, an estimated dose of coagulant was added, the water was stirred vigorously for 2 to 3 minutes, after which it was advocated for 2 hours, and then determined turbidity and color. The settled water was filtered through a paper filter red tape. After that, in the selected sample, the residual turbidity, the color of the filtrate, the residual concentrations of aluminum and iron were determined. Turbidity, expressed in mg SiO2 per 1 dm3 of water, was determined by the photocolorimetric method, chroma-cobalt scale chromatography, residual concentrations of aluminum and iron were determined by the same method.When processing a model solution of bentonite with KH-2 coagulants, it was much more effective than all other used reagents after precipitating. At a dose of 20 mg/dm3 (for Al2O3, Fe2O3), the KH-2 coagulant provides a degree of illumination of the suspension at 97.8%. The effectiveness of the coagulant KH-1 was slightly worse compared to KH-2, but better compared to known coagulants.With the discoloration of the model solution of sodium humate, also the most effective was the coagulant KH-2. He reduced the color from 278 to 47 deg. CCS with an increase in the dose of coagulant from 2.5 to 40 mg/dm3. The results were even better at refining water by settling and filtering. In this case, the KH-1 coagulant was not inferior to the effectiveness of sulfuric acid aluminum and the Polwak coagulant. The most effective was a coagulant KH-2, at doses of 15 - 40 mg/dm3, it provided a reduction of color to 0.0 - 20.0 deg. CCS - it meets the requirements for drinking water quality. In all experiments presented in the light and discoloration of water, residual concentrations of aluminum and iron did not exceed 0.2 mg/dm3.

Phytochemical Study of Odorous Celery Root (Apium graveolens L.) Grown in the North Caucasus

Context: Flavoring celery (Apium graveolens L.) from the umbrella family (Apiaceae) is a common food plant, its use as a spice has been known since Ancient Greece. Stems, leaves and root are widely used in cooking in various dishes: soups, salads and side dishes. Celery fragrant has mild laxative, diuretic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, enveloping and wound healing properties. Aims: The aim of our research was the phytochemical study of celery root odorous, quantitative definition of flavonoid, carotenoid, polysaccharides, tannin, free organic acids, essential oils and lipid. Methods and Material: The research material was dried and chopped celery fragrant root passing through a 3 mm sieve. We carried out quantitative determination of biologically active substances in the celery root odorous by the following methods: flavonoids (In terms of rutin) by the spectrophotometric method; carotenoids by the photocolorimetric method; essential oil, polysaccharides, lipophilic substances by the gravimetric method; free organic acids and tannins by the titrimetric method. Statistical analysis used: The results of the studies are given in the table. Statistical data processing was performed according to the method “Statistical processing of the results of a chemical experiment and biological tests” presented in State Pharmacopoeia XI [1]. The sample size (n) is 6, the confidence level (P) is 95%, the student criterion (t (P, f) is 2.57). Results: For the first time, we carried out a quantitative assessment of the content of seven groups of biologically active compounds of celery root odorous, grown in the North Caucasus: essential oil - 2.04 ± 0.01%, flavonoids - 1.44 ± 0.01,% lipophilic substances - 4, 05 ± 0.01%, carotenoids - 3.03 ± 0.02%, free organic acids - 2.38 ± 0.02%, tannins - 8.06 ± 0.01%, water-soluble polysaccharides - 8, 33 ± 0.01%, pectin substances - 3.45 ± 0.01%, hemicellulose A - 1.54 ± 0.01%, hemicellulose B - 1.47 ± 0.01%. Conclusion: Celery root odorous grown in the North Caucasus is a source of biologically active compounds.

Use of Agricultural Waste for Wastewater Treatment of Industrial Enterprises

The possibility of using agricultural waste – beet chips – in an alternative direction: wastewater treatment from petroleum products and heavy metals. The results of studies on the assessment of oil capacity, sorption capacity for iron(III) ions, as well as the thermal effect when disposing of beet chips thermally are given. The object of the study was beet chips – a by-product of sugar beet processing by Buinsky Sugar Plant LLC. The experiments were carried out in accordance with GOST. Oil capacity was determined by the gravimetric method. The concentration of iron(III) ions was measured by the photocolorimetric method. It is shown that the use of beet chips for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises due to seasonality restrictions will be possible in the composition of sorption blends.

Comparative sulfite assay by voltammetry using Pt electrodes, photometry and titrimetry: Application to cider, vinegar and sugar analysis

AbstractSulfite is a widely applied preservation agent, against oxidative decay in foodstuffs and beverages. Among the analytical methods applied, electrochemical techniques exploit its facility to undergo oxidation. This paper aims at the comparative investigation of the performances exhibited by three analytical methodologies: cyclic voltammetry at different Pt working electrodes, the volumetric method employing sodium thiosulfate as titrating agent and the photocolorimetric method relying on the reduction of Fe3+-orthophenanthroline complex by sulfite. The cyclic voltammetric assay was performed at Pt strip and Pt ring electrodes, by linearly sweeping the potential between -100 and 1,500 mV. The linear range corresponded to 7.5 mg L-1– 4.0 g L-1for Pt strip working electrode and to 15.5 mg L-1– 4.0 g L-1for Pt ring working electrode. Relative standard deviations smaller than 3% showed repeatability. RSD values smaller than 3% were also obtained in the photometric assay, but the latter was characterised by a narrower linear range. The Pt strip electrode allowed wider linear range and lower sensitivity, whereas the Pt ring electrode with Ag/AgCl reference in the same unit was characterised by better repeatability. Applications involved sulfite assay in vinegar, brown sugar and cider samples with consistency between cyclic voltammetry and titrimetry.

Development of the combined method of blanching the stingray stellate

The possibility of applying a combined blanching method (water-steam) for the stingray stellate is substantiated. The proposed method completely excludes the process of preliminary wetting and, as a consequence, the flooding of stingray meat. The developed experimental installation protected by a patent and can be used to study the process of blanching with water, steam or a combined method of raw materials of both plant and animal origin. The experiment has been planned by the method of combinatorial squares. The following parameters were chosen as variable parameters: water temperature, varying in the range from 70 to 95 °С with the step of the experiment5 °С. The duration of water treatment has been varied from 1 to 5 minutes with the step of experiment in 1 minute. The efficiency of removal of urea from the stingray stellate meat was confirmed experimentally by comparing its mass fraction in muscle skate tissue before and after preliminary heat treatment. Urea content was determined by a modified photo colorimetric method in accordance with GOST R 50032-92 "Feed meal from fish, marine mammals, crustaceans and invertebrates." Methods for determining the carbamide mass fraction and calculating the crude protein taking into account the mass fraction of carbamide taking into account features of the investigated product. The following mode of combined blanching (water-steam) could be recommended for industrial use: 1: 9 water module, water treatment time 180 s (3 min) at a water temperature of 90 °C with subsequent treatment steam for 150 s (2.5 min) at a steam temperature of 100 ° C. The selected regime has an efficiency of 42.5% that almost equal to the efficiency of other ways of blanching the stingray and a higher yield of the semi-finished product equal to 88.8%. The resulting semi-finished product can be recommended for preparing from stingray the culinary products and the canning.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ КУРИНОГО ПОМЕТА ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНОЙ ДОБАВКИ «МЕФОСФОН»

In article the current problem of agriculture – utilization of livestock waste is considered. Heads of the enterprises are interested in introduction of the low-cost schemes of utilization allowing to process into short terms waste in safe products. In this work it is considered the possibility of processing of waste by means of the Mefosfon dietary supplement representing melamine salt encore (oxymethyl) of fosfinovy acid. The possibility of acceleration of process of "maturing" of navoz due to stimulation of microbic activity in waste is supposed. Results of a research of fermentation of a bespodstilochny chicken dung and dung are given in an opilochny laying with Mefosfon's addition and Baikal-EM1. The intensity of process of biodestruction of nitrogen-containing connections was estimated on change of maintenance of ions of ammonium (NH4+) which was determined by a photocolorimetric method by Romashkevich. Acceleration of processes of ammonification at addition in medicine Mefosfon waste is shown. Reduction of concentration of ammoniyny nitrogen in the samples processed by Melafen in combination with the microbic medicine Baikal-EM1 up to 30% in 4 months of an experiment is recorded. Biotesting of experimental tests has shown decrease in toxicity of a dung with III to the IV class. At the same time it was noted that the negative impact on hydrobionts of the tests processed by medicines was lower than 1,5-2 times of control tests without processing medicines.