Nietzsche's Philosophy Research Articles

A falência do ideal ascético e a busca por sentido na existência como eixo da Genealogia da moral

This article assumes that meaning of life analysis is fundamental in Nietzschean philosophy. The argument is based on the study of the On the Genealogy of Morality, particularly in third essay examination of the book, but noting that the first two essays build the bases that will allow Nietzsche's emphasis on the meaning of life. Our reflexive follows Nietzsch philosopher line, like him departing from the ascetic ideals and focusing artists, philosophers, priests and scientists behaviors. He arrives at the concept of nihilism, which denotes the human despair, by not finding an answer to apparent life purpose lack. In nihilism the will to truth comes up against emptiness, leading Nietzsche to verify the motivation for the existence of the ascetic ideal. The reason is in the distance that this ideal promotes from the existential vacum, which, for the philosopher, in our perception, represents the fundamental human fear.

Nietzsche: da genealogia à transvaloração dos valores

This work aims to clarify how the notion of value assumes a fundamental role in understanding the last phase of Nietzsche's work. In order to accomplish this task, we will carry out an examination of two central themes in the Nietzschean thought, namely, the genealogical procedure and the project of transvaluing values. In doing so, the article will cover a good part of the main issues of Nietzschean philosophy, such as: the all too human character of values; the dual way of valuing and creating values; the resentment; the death of God; nihilism and the beyond-man. The intention is to highlight that the notion of value - inseparable from both the critical and corrosive aspect of Nietzsche's thought, as well as from its creative side - permeates and gives meaning to the themes listed aabove.

Binary Oppositions in Zoroastrianism and 'The Others' of them. Zoroaster/Pars Mithras/Media

Zoroaster set up foundation of dualism and »binary opposition« of Iranian wisdom. There are goodness and »Ahura« (God) at one end of this extreme and evil and Ahriman (Satan) at other. Based on hierarchical structure of galaxy (celestial) and heaven, we see »Amshaspends« (Amesha spenta. Seven Angels) at top goodness end of this opposition and according to terrestrial order, we see terrestrial order and social agreement at evil end. The markers of this opposition are soul VS body, light VS darkness, cow VS lion, snake VS eagle and happiness VS ethical restrictions. This article aims at finding rules hidden in Zoroaster's political theology and its binary opposition, its signs and way that goodness and positive signs found meaning against the others or evil in Iranian wisdom set. Further, it wants to find political and historical roots of this ideology and its relation with action and reaction of two ethnic groups of Fars and Kurd, that is, through discovery of negative and evil side of Zoroastrianism, the other or anti-Iranian of Iranian political wisdom is revealed. Zoroastrianism formed foundation of Iranian political wisdom and hided its possible domination and removal of anti-Iranian, e.g. Kurds in backstage of goodness and evil ideology of Zoroaster and abstracted ethnic/political struggle into a totemic one. As inferred from philosophy of Nietzsche and Hegel, Zoroaster is forerunner of God of »Apollonian« and history, »the other« of Zoroastrianism is also »the other« of history and metaphysics.(1)This article is a small part of my book: Iranian Political Ration and Kurdish Identity Search: (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08QW5RCQV/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_awdb_imm_t1_k1Z3Fb20B5MQK)

O além-do-homem como tarefa filosófica

Pretende-se, nesse artigo, analisar o conceito de além-do-homem em Nietzsche a partir da ideia de Züchtung, compreendendo-se esta como uma tarefa assumida pela própria filosofia nietzschiana e legada como missão para toda a filosofia. Nesse sentido, inicia-se com uma análise do conceito de Züchtung na obra de Nietzsche, articulando-a às condições próprias para o cultivo e a criação do Übermensch e à efetivação da sua doutrina. A partir daí, avaliar-se-á como a criação de tais condições exige a superação do desgosto para garantir a possibilidade da criação do além-do-homem.

O czytaniu aforyzmów Nietzschego

The article discuses text hermeneutics, which many years ago were disputed by Gadamer and Derrida. Buczyńska-Garewicz considers the importance of the notion of the eternal return in Nietzsche’s writings. She analyses various connotation strata of this notion, and concludes that they are compatible rather than exclusive. Thus, the widely shared conviction that the notion of eternal return is fundamentally unc-lear is falsified. Buczyńska-Garewicz treats this concept as anaxis along which the whole philosophy of Nietzsche is concentrated. This notion has many masks, and in the end its ambiguity turns out to be a positive rather than a negative trait. The article demonstrates that there is need of intellectual empathy which transcends the formal rules of text analysis. Nietzsche treated thinking not as the lifeless letter of doctrine, but as live experience, and this should be constantly kept in mind while reading his writings. Intellectual empathy appears to be the most important aspect in the process of comprehensive reading.

Nietzsche: de la decadencia en el trabajo a la ascendencia en el capitalismo

Objetivo: evidenciar elementos para defender la idea de que el trabajo en el contexto capitalista es, desde Nietzsche, decadente, pero que, a pesar de ser decadente, es posible la vida ascendente en él. Para ello, este artículo explica qué entendía Nietzsche por decadencia, cuál fue la causa de esta decadencia, algunas de sus consecuencias y, en especial, por qué el trabajo en el contexto capitalista es una consecuencia más de la decadencia de la cultura. También explica cómo, a pesar de estar inmersos en un contexto decadente, es posible la vida ascendente. Para esto, se analiza el papel del dueño de empresa y de los empleados de ella. Metodología: este estudio procede metodológicamente mediante el análisis filosófico de conceptos. Así, se aplica el método genealógico de Nietzsche, con el que se enfrenta la visión restrictiva de la ética, según la cual pareciera como si ésta partiese de supuestos previos, absolutos, no demostrables y dogmáticos. El pensamiento de Nietzsche, entonces, constituye no sólo un referente teórico, sino también metodológico para abordar este tema. Resultados: la filosofía de Nietzsche tiene implicaciones sobre el capitalismo y la vida empresarial contemporánea. Conclusiones: la vida ascendente dentro del contexto capitalista es muy difícil de alcanzar y solo la logran unos pocos seres excepcionales, que tienden al Übermensch.

The morality of fighting inequality: Nietzschean philosophy and the pursuit of progress

The morality of fighting inequality: Nietzschean philosophy and the pursuit of progress

Nietzsche's Search for Philosophy: On the Middle Writings and Nietzsche's Free Spirit Works: A Dialectical Reading

Nietzsche's Search for Philosophy: On the Middle Writings and Nietzsche's Free Spirit Works: A Dialectical Reading

Conflict and Contest in Nietzsche's Philosophy ed. by Herman Siemens and James Pearson

Conflict and Contest in Nietzsche's Philosophy ed. by Herman Siemens and James Pearson

Reenfoque de la crítica nietzscheana a la democracia desde la reformulación ecológica de lo político

The thesis of this paper is that the consideration of the political from the ecological perspective, could qualify the Nietzschean critique of democracy, to the point of making us perceive an intimate closeness between Nietzsche's philosophy and democracy understood as a constituted political form In the game of becoming, proper to living tissue. Since its ecological reformulation, Democratic politics would not only not be in contradiction with the political ideas of the aristocratic thinker of becoming, but, on the contrary It could be the means to achieve the Nietzschean elevation of life, and vice versa, the struggle for the realization of democratic political orders and a policy that values the richness and fragility of life on Earth seems to require, more than never, deepen its critique of democracy and attend to its call to recover the creative nature of politics.

Nietzsche's Culture of Humanity: Beyond Aristocracy and Democracy in the Early Period

Nietzsche's Culture of Humanity: Beyond Aristocracy and Democracy in the Early Period

“De verde ausencia y lágrima cautiva”

O artigo propõe-se analisar a presença do mito de Cisso na obra literária (prosa, drama e poesia) de Federico García Lorca, com especial ênfase na conferência La imagen poética de don Luis de Góngora, na peça teatral El Público e nos poemas “Cisso” e “Apunte para una oda”. O estudo pretende revisar algumas das possíveis fontes que balizam a iconografia literária do mito em questão na obra de Lorca, interpretando-as por duas vertentes complementares: a análise diacrónica proposta por Rafael Martínez Nadal (marcada pela herança barroca e renascentista) e a análise sincrónica, proposta a partir dos estudos sobre a presença da filosofia de Nietzsche na obra de Lorca, bem como a partir do particular processo de mitologização levado a cabo pelo poeta andaluz.

Nietzsche's Philosophy of Education: Rethinking Ethics, Equality, and the Good Life in a Democratic Age

Nietzsche's Philosophy of Education: Rethinking Ethics, Equality, and the Good Life in a Democratic Age

니체적 자기극복을 통한 생의 긍정: 에드워드 올비의 Three Tall Women

This paper investigates the existentialist philosophy represented in Edward Albee’s Three Tall Women in the light of Nietzschean philosophy. For Albee, death is an inevitable part of life and an existential limitation that humans cannot escape from. Although death is a extreme pain, a finite of life makes one able to embrace every moment of life. Nietzsche hopes that one achieves the self-conquest by generating energy to recover in every moment even though it is full of the pain of life. Albee sets the opening act realistically, Act 2 contains innovative and improbable elements to attenuate the realistic effects of Act 1. In Act 1, Albee portrays A who slips in and out of coherency, resists loss of memory. Whenever she perceives death, she recalls the past. Since the past gives her the illusion of avoiding death, she struggles to remember all the events of her past and at the same time she is frightened when her memory eludes her. Act I depicts a woman who is enveloped by fear of death. In Act 2, there are three women who belong to different ages Unlike the previous Act, A is considered a heroic figure of Nietzsche, Ubermench. She wholeheartedly faces up to her life with a mixture of pain, pleasure, regret, and unsatisfaction when she meets the moment of death. A comes to complete existential maturity by embracing her fate that is riddled with adversity.

Loving the Eternal Recurrence

ABSTRACT We explore how one might respond emotionally to the eternal recurrence. Zarathustra himself serves as our central case study. First we clarify the idea of eternal recurrence and its role in Nietzsche's philosophy, explaining why the eternal recurrence has the emotional consequences Nietzsche describes when he first introduces the idea in The Gay Science. Then we describe Zarathustra's emotional journey from horror at the eternal recurrence to loving it, in the sections from “On Great Events” to “The Seven Seals, or: The Yes and Amen Song.”

Education reforming in the context of F. Nietzsche's philosophy

The article considers the main aspects of F. Nietzsche’s philosophy concerning the issues of conceptualizing the values, content and principles of modern education. The idea of the relationship between universal education and culture is essential in the work of the philosopher. It reflects the function of education both in a universal aspect as a translator of culture and culture-making mechanism, and in an individual dimension, taking into account the purpose of an educated person to be a link in the chain of culture, to be a cultural microcosm which is isomorphic to the cultural “macrocosm” that is to be the heritage of different eras. The idea of the spiritual unity of educational institutions with cultural heritage is in harmony with the pedagogical principle of cultural conformity that is the correspondence of education to culture and the history of the nation. The concept of superhuman implies the principles of continuity of education and self-education, integrity and succession, humanization as a value self-determination of an individual and recognition of his rights to be independent. The ideas of the philosopher correlate with values of creative type pedagogical culture and with “integrative” line of pedagogical knowledge formation. The philosopher treated utilitarianism, narrow empiricism and specialization in education and scientific knowledge to be barriers for the development of creativity, freedom and energy potential. Thus, Nietzsche’s philosophy is relevant for understanding the content of a number of principles for reforming modern education, specifically humanitarian ization, individualization, cultureconformity, continuity of education and self-education, integrative and succession, integrativity and creativity.

니체의 몸철학으로 본 클림트의 유디트

평생 여성만을 탐구의 대상으로 삼았던 클림트의 예술을 이해하는 데 있어서 ‘여성’은 빠질 수없는 주제이다. 클림트의 여성들은 도발적이고 노골적인 성적 표현에도 불구하고 여성들에게조차 거부할 수 없는 환상적 분위기를 자아낸다. 19세기의 사회적, 정신적 와해 속에서, 근대 남성 예술가들은 아름답고 도발적이며 악마적인 여성을 통해 시대에 대한 저항의식을 드러내곤 했다. 클림트 역시이러한 맥락 속에 있던 화가이며, 그의 작품에 대한 이해는 에로티시즘과 팜므파탈이라는 측면에맞춰져 왔다. 본 연구는 그동안 클림트 예술에 대한 분석이 여성이라는 소재로 인해 성적인 측면에만 편중되어온 점에 문제의식을 느끼며, 새로운 관점으로 인간 클림트에 대한 이해를 시도해 보고자 한다. 19세기에 인간의 몸을 철학의 중심으로 복권시킨 니체의 철학은 클림트의 여성 이미지를 인간의 몸이라는 관점으로 새롭게 보고 존재론적으로 분석할 수 있는 근거가 되어 주었다. 특히 본 연구는 클림트의 예술 창작 시기 중 가장 저항적인 시기였던 분리파 시기에 중요성을 두고, 그 시기의 대표작 <유디트 Ⅰ>을 집중 분석하였다. 이러한 분석은 클림트 예술 이해의 새로운 접근 방식이 될 뿐 아니라예술 속에 표현된 몸을 바라보는 데 있어 보다 확장된 시각을 제공해 줄 것이다.

Fabricated Truths and the Pathos of Proximity: What Would be a Nietzschean Philosophy of Contemporary Technoscience?

In recent years, Nietzsche’s views on (natural) science attracted a considerable amount of scholarly attention. Overall, his attitude towards science tends to be one of suspicion, or ambivalence at least. My article addresses the “Nietzsche and science” theme from a slightly different perspective, raising a somewhat different type of question, more pragmatic if you like, namely: how to be a Nietzschean philosopher of science today? What would the methodological contours of a Nietzschean approach to present-day research areas (such as neuroscience, astrophysics, synthetic biology or climate studies) amount to? In other words, my paper reflects a shift of focus from author studies to extrapolation. The design of my article is as follows. I will start with the question (already widely discussed in the expert literature) to what extent Friedrich Nietzsche (a classical philologist by training) managed to familiarise himself with the natural sciences of his epoch. Subsequently, I will outline some basic methodological and conceptual ingredients of Nietzsche’s philosophy of science, focussing on core issues such as “genealogy”, “interpretation”, “enhancement” and “truth”. Next, I will elucidate Nietzsche’s genealogical methodology with the help of three case studies (three representative samples if you will) taken from Nietzsche’s writings and dealing with physiology, astronomy and neuro-psychology respectively. Finally, I will present the methodological contours of a Nietzschean understanding of contemporary technoscience.

The individual’s invention: for a study of cultural sociology of self

This paper aims to frame a few ideas and concerns about the way western societies in general during modernity times, have been handled through multicultural theories and public policies, the issue of cultural diversity, and especially those ones dealing with the interaction among different cultural groups. We assume that the different forms in which public policies are back up in a theoretical level, by then built and applied to different cultural communities (materialistic level) represent and reflect an ontological conception of culture (symbolic level) based in the belief of the existence of an autonomous, conscientious and rational individual moral subject. We argue that today, these policies are the last political crystallization of this “cult of the individual” that has been shaping over the last two centuries a system of beliefs about the human social being and group relations. This is a soteriological logic of the projection whose origins are of dramatic character (morality of good or bad). This has to do with what here is called the sociology of Self, which means analyse the implications of a system of beliefs based on the cult of the individual on scientific reasoning and forms of political organization of society, and how the interaction structures result as the meaning of action and experience for people and human group: in other words, it is about the production of social meaning. I used the metaphor of Tribal awareness as the main notion of this approach. It is a vitalism of tragic existential origin, which is the nodal point of philosophy in Nietzsche. From a cultural sociological approach of imaginary this would mean investigating the collective effects of a system of beliefs that sacralised the human being as individualistic entity, and considering the effects of collective meanings when the individual becomes a cultural icon with a historical global scope.Palavras-chave: Consciência tribal. Culto do indivíduo. Individualismo icônico. Intersubjetividade. Políticas culturaisLink: https://revistas.ufg.br/ci/article/view/54622/26532

Tragedy Decentered: Free Play and the Creative Cataclysm in D.H. Lawrence’s Women in Love

D.H. Lawrence’s Women in Love is amongst the most tragic works of the twentieth century for it purveys an unprecedented likeness in its ‘social and moral annihilation’ to Greek tragedies. Yet, one should not take Women in Love tragically. Having Nietzschean philosophy at its core and calling the human condition into question allows what Friedrich Nietzsche calls the “mad unhappy animal”, i.e., man to recreate their “yet not fixed nature” within the flux of what Rupert Birkin in Women in Love defines as “the inverse process, the blood of destructive creation.” Tragedy, if unavoidable, could at least be supplemented, countered, and de-centered. Therefore, the characters portray what Jacques Derrida calls as a movement of free play as they move progressively toward a space where they “pass by man and humanism.”