Philosophical Ideas Research Articles

Application of Water Pattern in IP Image Design

Water pattern is a traditional pattern with Chinese characteristics, with a long history and profound humanistic connotation. In Chinese traditional culture, water contains profound philosophical ideas and is regarded as a unique spiritual and cultural symbol. The application of water pattern to IP image design brings cultural heritage to contemporary IP image, and at the same time highlights the aesthetic and artistic value of water pattern patterns. This paper will study the humanistic meaning contained in the water pattern pattern, so as to fully grasp the relationship between the water pattern pattern and the IP image, so as to find and understand the aesthetic significance and humanistic value of the water pattern pattern, and carry out the design of IP modeling based on this, which summarizes and plans for the practical application of water pattern in IP modeling in the future.

Утопический текст поэмы «Искендер-наме» Низами

The article focuses on the humanistic ideals of Nizami Ganjavi, reflecting his philosophical and ethical ideas of an ideal society and perfect power. The “internal” plot of “Iskander Nameh” – about the stay of Iskander (the eastern name of Alexander the Great) in a fertile country – is a utopian text in which Nizami’s views on the or-ganization of society and the role of the ruler in it are most systematically presented. The hero of Nizami’s po-em is a ruler who is concerned with the search for a just social order. The article discusses the textual factors of the plot of this work, comparing them with the accepted in the European tradition and used by the predecessors of Nizami, in particular, Firdovsi. It is emphasized that in the analyzed poem the oriental tradition develops in accordance with the poet’s and thinker’s philosophical and ethical views on the role of the ruler and just social relations in social life.

Методологические ориентиры историографии русской философии (40–90-е годы XX века)

This article provides an excursus into the field of tendencies and substantive features of the development of historiography of Russian philosophy in 40–90s of XX century. Provisions on multidimensionality and com-plexity of its methodological guidelines are denoted. As the main methodological trend in the development of the historiography of Russian philosophy, the orientation towards Marxist methodology, which focused on the analysis of the history of the spread of philosophical ideas in the USSR, is highlighted. It is emphasized that political changes in the 1950s, which entailed a change in the methodological orientation of the Soviet philoso-phers, were reflected in their focus on the interpretation of the specifics of national thought in the multinational USSR. In subsequent years, in the historiographical space of Russian philosophy, there was a systematization of methodological variations in the interpretation of formal and substantive features of Russian philosophy. In the run-up to the “crucial” 1990s, and primarily in the context of European philosophical thought, there emerged a tendency to single out periods of the “foreign renaissance” and “Soviet Marxism” in the history of Russian philosophy. As a methodological variation of the historiography of Russian philosophy at the threshold of the XXI century the tendency to popularize philosophical science, which actualized the enlightenment emphasis in the development of domestic philosophical thought.

Respect and Responsibility towards Youth

Youth is a grateful topic and has a rich body of scholarly research, particularly in the fields of education, youth sociology, and political science. However, the recognition and appreciation of the philosophical approach is often lacking in research, politics, and public discourse alike. This study aims to draw attention to the importance of the philosophical perspective. It focuses on philosophical ideas found in antiquity, modernity, and postmodernity (from Socrates to Hegel and all the way to Derrida) that remain relevant regardless of historical time or specific societal forms. Drawing philosophical insights is particularly crucial for politics and education. As Derrida believes, no ethics or politics can remain authentic and true if they do not respect the future, that is, the youth. And in this regard, I think we can all agree.

Environmental Neologisms Through the Lens of the Virtue Ethics of Catholicism and Stoicism

ABSTRACT The complexity and emotional/psychological responses to the environmental challenges of the 21st century has led to the coining and development of new words and concepts that, for some people, better describe how they are personally grappling with anthropogenic ecosystem damage and climate breakdown. This paper identifies some of the more commonly used environmental neologisms within scholarly literature and evaluates their usefulness and contradictions for those influenced by the virtue ethics promoted by the ancient Stoics and the Catholic Church. We find that environmental neologisms, when framed by these philosophical and/or theological ideas, offer an alternative and, ultimately, helpful means to contemplate the nature of what might be considered an environmental crisis and how best we might address, or at least, mitigate it, as conscientious spiritual human beings.

Правовая охрана традиционных семейных ценностей российским законодательством: поиск основополагающей парадигмы

Introduction. The paper examines the issue of forming the legal definition of “traditional family values” and notes the unacceptable, in the author’s opinion, excessive clericalization of this process. The author believes that the traditional value recognized as the basis of the institution of the family protected by law is formulated not only in the theological sources, but, first of all, developed by law and philosophical views prevailing in society. Purpose. To prove the groundlessness of handing over the formation of conceptual approaches to the principles of family law to exclusively the spiritual institutions of society. Their role should be considered as important, but not the only one, but rather optional. Methods. The prevailing research methods used in the paper are the historical and logical methods that ensure the reproduction in the mental sphere of the complex process of formation and development of the principles of family law. Results. The author has investigated the problem of becoming and forming the concept of “traditional family values”, a new concept for Russian family law; at the same time the author argues the point of view about the secular nature of this concept. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a point of view is developed on the need for a multidimensional approach to the content analysis of the ethical and legal concept of “traditional family values”, while respecting the equal importance of all sources of humanitarian knowledge: spiritual dogmas, cultural traditions, and philosophical ideas and views.

Philosophical Aspects of the Problem of "Artificial Man" in Fiction

The problem of the creation of artificial man and the creation of artificial intelligence are issues that have now become not just potential, but also actual scientific tasks. The original genetic kinship of philosophy and literature as forms of human culture and meaning formation made it possible to comprehend the most important problems in works rich in ideological content and beautiful in form. The subject of the research is the philosophical aspects of the problem of the creation of artificial man in the classic works of fantasy literature of the XIX-XX centuries. This goal is achieved by consistent consideration and comparison of philosophical and anthropological ideas that can be isolated from the works of Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Mary Shelley, Herbert George Wells and M.A. Bulgakov. Hermeneutical method as interpretation and reconstruction of meanings, comparative historical analysis, philosophical comparative studies are used as the methodological basis of this historical and philosophical research. The novelty of the research lies in the historical and philosophical reconstruction of the problem of creating an artificial person, posed for the first time on the pages of the world art classics. The very idea of creating an artificial man was a continuation of the God-fighting aspirations of the Renaissance and the embodiment of the ardent desire to become not only on a par with the Creator, but also to surpass Him. When creating the image of the homunculus, Goethe also had in mind the contrivance, artificiality and fruitlessness of many enlightenment ideas, because the enlighteners questioned the very existence of God, putting a scientist-creator in His place. Goethe's idea of the futility and danger of experimenting with human nature was later developed by Mary Shelley, H. G. Wells and Mikhail Bulgakov. Wagner's homunculus and the creation of Dr. Frankenstein are the closest to the idea of man that prevailed in the philosophy of Modern times and educational pedagogy. Powerful notes of philosophical foresight of many plot moves of the coming history of mankind sound in the novel by Wells (the creation of Dr. Moreau) and the story of Bulgakov (Sharikov).

Truth that Matters

Truth that Matters

Лингвоаксиологические основы концептуальной оппозитивности (на примере дихотомии СОЗИДАНИЕ/РАЗРУШЕНИЕ)

The aim of the study is to reveal the axiological essence of the conceptual opposition realized by the subjects of the dichotomy CREATION ‒ DESTRUCTION. Based on this dichotomous model, the author analyzes the reasons for the accentuation of the value-significant priorities of the nation in the Russian language space. The scientific novelty of the study lies in describing the parameters of the axiological assessment of the opposition process objectified in the language based on the definition of conceptual opposition proposed by the author. As a result of the study, the linguo-pragmatic conditions for the implementation of the axiological characteristics of the conceptual opposition based on the philosophical idea of the oppositive essence of reflection of the phenomena and events of the modern world in the language system correlated with the processes of the opposition CREATION ‒ DESTRUCTION were systematized. The actualization regularity of the distinctive features of the value orientations of the language personality based on the language implementation was revealed. The parameters of the axiological assessment of conceptual opposition implemented by the subjects of the studied dichotomy were presented. The principle of gradual display of the axiological characteristics of conceptual opposition by the subjects of the dichotomy CREATION ‒ DESTRUCTION was identified and described.

Идеи итальянского возрождения в философских взглядах Максима Грека

The article discusses how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance influenced the philosophical views of St. Maximus the Greek, and how they are reflected in his works. The object of this article is the philosophical views of Maxim the Greek, translator and religious figure in Rus' in the 16th century. On the basis of the analysis of his works, a picture of his philosophical views is drawn up. The study of the philosopher's ideas is carried out in the context of the religious and cultural situation of Rus' in the 16th century. The article also discusses the personality of Maxim the Greek himself, and how his life path influenced the philosopher's thinking and his public activities. The duality of the views of Maxim the Greek on the ideas of humanism through the analysis of his texts is noted. It is shown how through his teachings it is possible to trace both the influence of ancient philosophy and Christian content. The texts touching upon the idea of humanism are analyzed, and how the works of Savonarola and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola influenced this. The influence that he had on the cultural life of Rus' in the first half of the 16th century is considered. Particular attention is paid to the ideas of non-possessors, and how Maxim the Greek influenced this teaching. The relevance of these texts in the context of the study of Russian philosophy is noted.

INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY: AN EXPLORATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURAL ELEMENTS AND WATER SELF-PURIFICATION SYSTEMS IN THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE WATERSCAPE DESIGN

Traditional Chinese waterscape design is a profound cultural symbol and a perfect embodiment of the natural landscape. The philosophical ideas, aesthetic concepts and cultural connotations embedded in traditional Chinese culture have played an important role in the design of traditional water features. However, traditional water features have struggled to maintain their lasting beauty due to their impact on the environment and ecology. With the development of modern technology and advances in water management theory and techniques, modern water treatment systems have become an important means of solving water management and ecological and environmental problems. Combining traditional cultural elements with modern water self-purification systems has become an effective way to optimise traditional water features.
 This paper focuses on the cultural elements and water self-purification systems embedded in the design of traditional Chinese water features, and ways to optimise them with the help of modern technology. Firstly, the cultural background of traditional Chinese garden water features is analysed in terms of their unique traditional cultural elements, design methods and characteristics. Then, through the analysis and study of modern water management theories and technologies, the principles of realisation and optimisation strategies of water treatment are discussed. Finally, the combination of traditional cultural elements and modern water purification is used to explore in depth how traditional Chinese waterscape design can integrate traditional and modern elements, making it convenient for people while having a positive impact on the natural environment and ecology. The findings of this paper help to promote the combination of traditional culture and modern technology, and provide references and lessons for the environmental development of traditional Chinese waterscape design.

ПЕРВЫЙ МАНИФЕСТ АМЕРИКАНСКОГО АНГЛОИЗРАИЛИЗМА – ПРЕДВЫБОРНАЯ ПРОПОВЕДЬ ЭЗРЫ СТАЙЛЗА (1783 г.)

The article examines the ideology of Anglo-Israelism in the 1783 sermon «The United States has risen to glory and honor» by the American Congregationalist priest and scientist Ezra Stiles (1727-1795). The analysis of the political, religious, historical and philosophical ideas contained in it is carried out. It is shown that, despite the protection of constitutional rights and religious freedom, the author of the sermon defended the monarchy and was a supporter of the rule of an elected elite, an elected «democratic aristocracy». It seems that the principles of conservative Christianity advocated by Stiles were combined with support for the concept of «a City upon a Hill» in 1630, i.e. ideas about the God-chosen Puritans – the first settlers, who created the New Jerusalem or Zion in America. The author supported the pseudo-historical theory of the origin of ethnic groups. In the United States, he saw a «new Israel», chosen by God, called to command the conquered and subordinate «Canaanites» – the American aborigines. Europeans were considered descendants of the Biblical patriarch Japheth, which corresponded to the existing Christian tradition. In the Indians of the New World, related to the peoples of Siberia, he saw the descendants of representatives of the tribes, expelled by the ancient Israelites after the conquest of Palestine, described in the Bible and scattered throughout the world. In his opinion, the continued mass migration from Europe to America will lead to the decline of the Old World. Immigration will give a new impetus to the development, effective development and economic prosperity of the American continent, where the number of people of European origin will increase significantly. In the future, according to Stiles, there will allegedly be an extinction of races other than Caucasians (Indians and African Americans). Such ideas served as the rationale for American exceptionalism, Western-centrism, Eurocentrism and territorial expansion of the United States.

Цивилизационный субъект в ХХI в. и моральный универсализм

The article is devoted to some reflections on how a civilizational subject should behave in the conditions of the degradation of Western culture that has emerged in the 21st century and the resurrection of the idea of essentially tribal or ethnic separatism in the world community. At the same time, the coming era is characterized by the philosophical justification of the “truth” of the golden billion, the realization of which involves the disappearance of seven billion human lives. The thinking of the last century led humanity to a global catastrophe, to the closing of the path to truth. The affirmation of the real truth of global geopolitics as the design of the will to power as the original absolute truth was a consequence of the recognition of the death of God as a stream of non-truth of a metaphysical idea. The author believes that the main element of the direction of the current situation is moral universalism, which develops into universal philosophical truth. Such universalism unites people with their ethnic, national and other differences. This universalism of the truth of being is based of a real policy of harmonization of human relations, combining the civilizational reconstruction of industrial and social life with its adaptation to environmental practice, ensuring the preservation of nature and humans. The author draws on the cultural ideas of Eastern and Western philosophers: Nishida Kitaro, Hobbes, Hegel, Bergson, Heidegger, Schelling, Rosenzweig.

Justice as a fundamental principle of the constitution as a social contract

The article examines the issue of the relation between the idea of a social contract and the constitution. It is argued that the constitution is a formalization of the social contract adopted in society. The interrelation of philosophical ideas of good and justice with the ideas of constitutionalism is considered. In the context of international legal order, the ideas of constitutionalism, good and justice is revealed in the context of international space law. The main example for this is the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.Modern challenges to the international legal order and international law, which are connected with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, lead not only to rethinking the concept of collective security but also to the restructuring of national legal orders, which were the result of a social contract in each a separate state. Moreover, acquisition by states in the 17th-century subjectivity led to their creation of a regional, and then in the 20th century. - international legal order. In a certain sense, the legal order created and agreed upon by them is a certain social contract, the subjects of which, in contrast to the classical understanding of the concept of a social contract, are states, not people. Therefore, Russian aggression against Ukraine, both existentially and in international legal terms, should be considered as an attempt by the aggressor state in an uncivilized way to revise or even break the social contract "agreed upon" by the states.Against this background, the formation of a new legal culture (especially for Ukrainian society) requires the state, society, and every individual to rethink the system of values and those life-leading ideals that guided these subjects in their actions, to achieve what they built their strategies. As Friedrich Hayek noted, for the formation of a common order, it is necessary that in known situations everyone follows certain rules, that is, that everyone's actions do not go beyond a certain range of behavior. Therefore, both for social theory and for social policy, the question of what properties the rules should have so that individual actions of individuals generate a general order is of crucial importance. Some of these rules will be obeyed by all members of society due to the same understanding of the requirements of the situation. Others will follow spontaneously because they are part of their general cultural tradition. But there will be such rules that will have to be imposed, because although it will be profitable for everyone to ignore them, the general order, on which the success of actions depends, will arise only if these rules are followed.

THE PHENOMENON OF JUSTICE IN KAZAKH PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT

The article provides a historical and philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of justice on the example of the views of representatives of Kazakh philosophy. The choice of the period is not accidental - the middle of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, when the comprehensive influence of the Russian government on the life, culture, poetry of the Kazakh people began. The purpose of the scientific work is to consider the features of the development of philosophical ideas of justice and freedom in the work of the Kazakh thinker Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeev, who occupies a worthy place not only in the history of literature, but also in the history of Kazakh philosophical thought at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries. This scientific study complements Kazakh philosophy with new conclusions from the point of view of the existing theory, focuses on such philosophical phenomena as «justice», «freedom» and «faith». The scientific and practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that it is of great interest to scientists and researchers specializing in the field of Kazakh philosophy, and also meets the current social needs and trends of modern Kazakh society.

“MIDDLEMARCH,” THE MASTERPIECE OF GEORGE ELIOT

<p><span>In the constellation of outstanding novelists of the Victorian period, George Eliot stands out with distinctive intellectualism and bold handling of the feminist theme. She stands out with the courage to defend the dignity of women and their rightful place in Victorian society, defying the prejudice of time. Philosophical ideas that play an important role in the literary creativity of George Eliot do not belong to any authentic philosophical system, but are a kind of eclectic synthesis without permanent principles in the spirit of utilitarian materialism. In 1872 George Eliot published her masterpiece novel "Middlemarch," which Virginia Woolf called it "a magnificent book." The fictional title of the novel "Middlemarch" is quite struck because it includes the panorama of provincial life that connects several parallel events of the subject as a whole. In this novel, the events of several novels are woven and interwoven by the characters. The events of the novel take place on the threshold of the parliamentary reform of the year 1832. The events of this work speak about the situation and mood of different social layers during the electoral campaign. All the characters have a certain attitude towards the political and social events. All the characters in the book have certain positions in society, while men also have their professions.</span></p><p><span><strong>Keywords:</strong> Women, rights, feminism, education, society, Victorian society.</span></p>

Фрэнсис Бэкон в полемике с алхимией: философские и общественно-политические аспекты

The paper brings the analysis of the evolution of Bacons’ views on alchemy. The polemics against alchemy has become a central subject of his early writings (1584-1595) on the scientific knowledge. Bacon criticized occult traditions, an integral part of intellectual culture of early modern English establishment. Bacon argued that till his time all serious intellectual efforts of mankind had been directed to futile goals like alchemical transmutations, etc. or endless disputations of natural philosophers; at the same time all the greatest inventions (e.g., nautical needle, gunpowder and printing) had been made only by chance. Bacon believed government should have support of scientific & technological research and suppress alchemical fraud. Doing that a government would gain a most effective tool for increasing its power and wealth. To support his views Bacon launched an intense propaganda campaign that culminated in the series of masques performed at Elizabethan court in 1592-1595. Baconian efforts caused counter actions of the court members who believed in the efficiency of alchemical enterprises. During late 1590’s Bacon revised his attitude towards alchemy as well as towards the government, which was able in his opinion to support the development of sciences. The basis of his views is the ethical-theological concept of the values of scientific knowledge, which excludes previous ideas about the role of government in the development of sciences. Another area of research that changed his assessment of alchemy is the work on the problems of the scientific method. In the light of new political-philosophical, axiological and epistemological concepts, criticism of alchemy loses its former degree of relevance for Bacon. The developments made by Bacon in the 1580s-1590s during the polemic against alchemy become a kind of foundation on which he relies in the further development of his philosophical ideas.

Формирование национальной идеи в философском дискурсе западников и славянофилов в XIX веке

In the philosophical discussions of Russia in the 19th century, an important place was given to the problem of the formation of a national idea, the search for new ways of civilizational development of Russia. This topic is still relevant today, it does not lose its problematic nature, since at present, just as in the 19th century, the process of comprehending Russia's place in the world is underway and the problem is being solved: “Which way to go? Choose your own, national path or follow the European tradition in the formation of modern Russian society? These questions were already raised in Russia in the 19th century, when the process of searching for and forming the Russian national idea was actively going on. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of choosing the paths of Russia's development in the disputes between Westerners and Slavophiles in the 19th century, to show the similarity of some historical positions on the main problems. The paper discusses the main approaches of the main representative of Russian Westernism P. Ya. Chaadaev and the philosophical ideas of the Slavophile I. V. Kireevsky. The study attempts to find common approaches of these authors to the problem of the development of Russian society and all-Russian ideals, since in modern scientific works, in our opinion, a simplified view of the development of Russian civilization in philosophical disputes in the ideological struggle in the 19th century is widespread. Both the Westernizers and the Slavophiles were looking for the best way for the development of Russia and were confident in its special mission in the civilizational world processes. The work uses a dialectical and historical-philosophical method, which allows us to consider the complex ideological searches of philosophers in the context of the historical development of Russian society in the 19th century. To analyze the philosophical and methodological foundations of the theories of Westerners and Slavophiles in the course of the civilizational choice of the future development of Russia in these theories, the methods of analysis and synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, were used in the article.

THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE PROJECT OF UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHY AND ITS "LEXICON OF UNTRANSLATABLES"

The illustrations of the translation of "untranslatables" considered in the article prove the idea that they are not an inconvenience, but a form of enrichment of philosophy, which formats the line of its cumulative development through the production of concepts (Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari "What is philosophy?"), as a way of existence of modern philosophy. The concept is determined not only by tradition and the ability to use the "lexicon of untranslatables", but also by language, cultural and political contexts. We substantiate the thesis that the format of the concept dismantles the idea of ​​such a philosophy that is able to speak only in universal languages ​​and emphasize the importance of local philosophies, to which the Ukrainian one belongs. Such importance is manifested in the fact that: national philosophies demonstrate local features of European philosophy; is the transformation and approbation of its ideas in national contexts; creates that "lexicon of untranslatables", the mastery of which teaches philosophy to speak national languages; the national language acquires the ability to become a means of expressing philosophical ideas (Dmytro Chyzhevsky, Oleksander Potebnia); the "lexicon of untranslatables" is modified by the dominant values ​​of the time, embodied in the mentality and culture of the people. The historical examples and analogies given in the text of the objective symbolic fixation of the translation of philosophical terms in national languages ​​allow us to clarify the options of the linguistic prerequisites of philosophical theories expressed in national languages, and are an argument against the monolingualism of philosophy. The modern translation of "untranslatables" works within the epistemological field of the philosophy of language, shifting the focus from the language code to the discourse, the latter is not a necessary condition for understanding the language, but is a source of destruction of communication or development of those rules, following which makes communication effective. Rejecting the universalist approach and focusing on national strategies, we consider language as a primary source that "pressures" the philosopher, which means that it implies a critique of traditional linguistic ideas about language. The trending topic is the concepts of cultural imperialism, which with the beginning of Russia's aggression against Ukraine became a fact of life for Ukrainians, and the Ukrainian language turned into a weapon of support for this aggression.

Disinterestedness in the Creative Economy: The Case of the MO Museum in Vilnius

This article examines the idea of disinterestedness using the case of a private MO museum. The philosophical idea of disinterestedness and its reflections in the creative economy are presented. The idea of disinterestedness is explored as a factor of sustainability in economics. The paradoxes as follows related to disinterestedness in general and to the analyzed case in particular are examined. Although disinterestedness covers detachment from any theoretical concepts, it is also an aesthetic concept. Although this is a futile activity from an economic point of view, disinterestedness helps to remain independent from economic fluctuations. Although the founders of the MO Museum do not expect financial benefits, they are characterized by economic thinking in order to balance the museum’s finances. Disinterestedness, although detached from any interests, includes social responsibility for the state of the art, the desire to enrich and educate society, the development of social connections and personal relationships, and the need for interesting activities. Business management requires a broader intention, but art also requires flexible management. This study is important because of the interdisciplinary approach and the aspects of social responsibility and sustainability in business. In addition, this research opens up a new perspective in connecting the idea of disinterestedness not only with the patronage of art but also with the needs of the business itself. The methods used in this article are as follows: analysis of philosophical literature on the topic of disinterestedness and aspects of disinterestedness in the creative economy, a case study that includes interviews with experts (museum founders and director), and their analysis and summarization. The main finding is as follows: disinterestedness in art management and the creative economy is an aspect of economic sustainability that allows both to expand the economic approach and to show its limits.