Phenomenological View Research Articles

Dança e conhecimento: reflexões sobre o corpo vivido

O estudo tem por objetivo abordar a epistemologia da dança, discutindo a produção e o ganho do conhecimento dançado. Os principais temas são o corpo e a motricidade, estruturados por via sensório-motora (perceptivo) durante à prática. Deste modo, o conjunto de experiências ganhas na dança são assumidas como conhecimento vivido ou corporificado, um tipo de saber que o corpo se habitua a (re)conhece como agir e se relacionar no mundo. A base reflexiva eleita para o estudo é fenomenológica a partir de filósofos internacionais da área da ciência da dança e a obra de Merleua-Ponty intitulada “Fenomenologia da Percepção”. Nessa perspectiva, o corpo além de orgânico é considerado como produto sociocultural, histórico e principal agente à efetivação da tríade sensação, percepção, ação. Enquanto que a dança é a oportunidade, que cria intencionalmente na vida dos envolvidos tempo e espaço à interpretação e significação de contextos sociais e subjetivos.

Existential phenomenological view of health care experiences from the perspective of cancer survivors.

to understand the experience of post-discharge health care of primary cancer treatment from the perspective of survivors. a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, using Martin Heidegger's Existential Phenomenology framework. Analysis of semi-structured interviews of 11 cancer survivors, after primary treatment, was carried out through vague and median and hermeneutic understanding. three units of meaning emerged in the search for the unveiling of the phenomenon: Respecting physical limitations after cancer; Transcending themselves after illness; and Overcoming the ghost of fear. cancer survivors experience care in intentional choices favorable to health, when they overcome their own limitations, fear of relapse or new cancer. The need to improve continuous professional monitoring in order to answer questions reinforce favorable attitudes and enhance the chances of better quality of life for cancer survivors.

Biological Stress as a Principle of Nature: A Review of Literature

This review paper attempts to approximate the concept of biological stress to the stress concept in Physics using the phenomenological view of physics to discuss the source of generator forces of biological stress state. Based on the literature, parallels are drawn between the two concepts and a discussion on the steady state in open systems and homeostatic state in biological systems is developed. Using the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and informational entropy, and comparing stress in living systems and nonliving, we attempt to build a basis for a view of stress as a principle of nature linked to the adaptability property of matter, opposing entropy. It is known that the increasing number of microstates possible in a complex system increases the entropy. In that way, entropy is related to the amount of additional information needed to specify the exact physical state of a system, given its macroscopic specification. By controlling the metabolic processes (catabolism-anabolism) to decrease the entropy, stress reduces the number of possible states for which the living system could evolve, avoiding the loss of “life information”, preserving its characteristics and preventing its extinction. The loss of function of a species within an ecosystem or of cells within an organ can be showing that the limits of the stress principle were “transgressed”. That is, the intensity and/or duration of stress exceeded the capacity of living organism to process of information extracted from stressor and reprogram its physiological mechanisms, activating its adaptability process, while its internal balance is preserved.

Consciousness, Being and Life: Phenomenological Approaches to Mindfulness

Abstract A phenomenological view of contemplative disciplines is presented. However, studying mindfulness by phenomenology is at odds with both neurobiological and anthropological approaches. It involves the first-person standpoint, the openness of being-in-the-world, the umwelt of the meditator, instead of assessing her neural processes and behaviors from a neutral, distanced, third-person standpoint. It then turns out that phenomenology cannot produce a discourse about mindfulness. Phenomenology rather induces a cross-fertilization between the state of mindfulness and its own methods of mental cultivation. A comparison between the epochè, the phenomenological reduction, and the practice of mindfulness, is then undertaken.

La objeción de conciencia en el ámbito sanitario en España. Una perspectiva iusfilosófica

The problem of conscientious objection in the health field is not closed, neither from the point of view of social phenomenology nor from the legal point of view. There are conflicts between deep convictions of the human being and legal duties and, on the other hand, there is a growing multiculturality of different societies. In this perspective, radical questions arise (root) that are obviously complex, but at the same time touch, as dew water, the most nuclear of existence, both of each individual and the whole of that society.It is fundamental to deepen the need to legally regulate this objection of conscience, for the benefit of a Democratic and Social State of Law where no nuclear aspect is violated or violated for the comprehension and apprehension of the human being and his boundless wealth.

Controlling the mixed potential of polyelectrolyte-coated platinum electrodes for the potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide

The use of a Pt electrode coated with a layer of Nafion has been described in previous works as an attractive way to perform the potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. Despite of the attractive features of this approach, the nature of the non-Nernstian response of this system was not properly addressed. In this work, using a mixed potential model, the open circuit potential of the Pt electrode is shown to be under kinetic control of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It is proposed that hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxygenated species that blocks free sites on the Pt surface, interfering with the ORR. Therefore, the effect of the polyelectrolyte coating can be understood in terms of the modulation of the factors that affects the kinetics of the ORR, such as an increase of the H+ concentration, minimization of the effect of the spectator species, etc. Because of the complexity and the lack of models that accurately describe systems with practical applications, this work is not intended to provide a mechanistic but rather a phenomenological view on problem. A general framework to understand the factors that affect the potentiometric response is provided. Experimental evidence showing that the use of polyelectrolyte coatings are a powerful way to control the mixed potential open new ways for the development of robust and simple potentiometric sensors.

The Absence of Self: An Existential Phenomenological View of The Anatman Experience

This paper focuses on the Anatman experience as described by Guatma(6th century BCE). Many Buddhist philosophers consider the absence of self as a foundational experience of Buddhism. This paper elaborates the Buddhist Absence of Self from the View of Existential Phenomenology. The paper articulates the phenomenological difference between the Ontic-Ontological absence of Self in early Buddhism and the Ontic-Ontological presence of Self in Contemporary Existential Phenomenology. Throughout the paper there is an Existential Phenomenological focus on the intertwining of our Sense of Self and our Sense of Being. The sense of self in early Buddhism is being-less, baseless and empty. Empty of What? Empty of Being! There is no presence of Being and no Being of presence. There is no experience of Being. There is no source of Being. There is no source of Being for our mind. The mind is absent of Being. There is no source of Being for us as person. In early Buddhism the absence of self is the absence of Being-ness.

Mind As Knower of Forms, And Awareness as The Knower of Being: A Phenomenological View

Este artículo describe fenomenológicamente nuestra situación ontológica y nuestros dos modos de conocimiento. Existe el conocimiento de la mente como el conocedor de las formas y el conocedor de la conciencia como el conocedor del Ser. Este documento vincula e integra la visión tántrica Dzogchen de la distinción mente-conciencia con la visión fenomenológica europea de los siglos XIX y XX de la distinción mente-conciencia expresada en el trabajo de Heidegger y Merleau Ponty. Esta distinción de mente y conciencia nos permite aclarar la confusión sobre nuestro conocimiento de las formas y nuestro conocimiento del Ser. El artículo enfatiza el entrelazamiento de la conciencia y la mente. Cuando la mente y la conciencia están en unidad, el conocedor puede conocer el Ser del ser a través de un ser. La persona puede conocer la dualidad de los seres dentro de la no dualidad del Ser. Y la persona puede conocer la no dualidad del Ser dentro de la dualidad de los seres.

The birth of the notion of patrimoine (through the generations) in Algeria

ABSTRACT Intellectual concerns with the crucial question about the origin of the concept of patrimoine in Algeria never give rise to an objective analysis or an open debate. This essay attempts to go beyond the position that sees the benefits of colonisation and its converse, satisfaction with surges of nationalism. I propose a phenomenological view of Algeria using a theoretical model of decoding history by examining the formation and successive transformations that occur in every human endeavour, and in society itself. This is the only way to see the conditions and moment of the birth of an historical and, consequently, patrimonial consciousness.

Phenomenological view on baryon-baryon potentials from lattice QCD simulations

A qualitative discussion on the range of the potentials as they result from the phenomenological meson-exchange picture and from lattice simulations by the HAL QCD Collaboration is presented. For the former pion- and/or $\eta$-meson exchange are considered together with the scalar-isoscalar component of correlated $\pi\pi /K \bar K$ exchange. It is observed that the intuitive expectation for the behavior of the baryon-baryon potentials for large separations, associated with the exchange of one and/or two pions, does not always match with the potentials extracted from the lattice simulations. Only in cases where pion exchange provides the longest ranged contribution, like in the $\Xi N$ system, a reasonable qualitative agreement between the phenomenological and the lattice QCD potentials is found for baryon-baryon separations of $r \gtrsim 1$ fm. For the $\Omega N$ and $\Omega\Omega$ interactions where isospin conservation rules out one-pion exchange a large mismatch is observed, with the potentials by the HAL QCD Collaboration being much longer ranged and much stronger at large distances as compared to the phenomenological expectation. This casts some doubts on the applicability of using these potentials in few- or many-body systems.

Interprofessional Learning for Enhanced Patient Safety: Biomedical Engineering Students and Nursing Students in Joint Learning Activities

Background: In the last decade, research has highlighted the importance of interprofessional approaches to education and practice. Collaboration between medical practice and engineering has been identified as particularly relevant to developing accountable models for sustainable healthcare and overcoming increased specialization leading to professional barriers. This study aims to analyze insights and understanding expressed by nursing students and biomedical engineering students following a joint learning activity regarding a medical device used in the hospital setting.Method: A qualitative approach deriving from a phenomenological view examined an interprofessional learning activity where the focus was on active integration and knowledge exchange.Conclusion: The activity was expressed as a positive opportunity for getting insights into perspectives from other professional groups as well as insights into the importance of a system perspective in patient safety. The learning and insights listed in the evaluations included ideas about how the two professional groups could collaborate in the future.

Rebuttal: Doing Phenomenology on the Things.

This rebuttal responds to the article "Getting it quite wrong" (published in this journal issue of QHR). My work is described as "amassing experiential descriptions," simply aiming to "reproduce the original experience unaltered," naively claiming "that the fundamental question of phenomenology is to understand what it is like to have this or that experience" and other such injudicious points. I take issue with these claims. Husserl is quoted as supportively stating that "phenomenology was from the beginning never supposed to be anything except the path to a radically genuine 'strictly scientific metaphysics.'" I will show with textual examples that the presented view of phenomenology is too limited and one sided.

The Birth of Foucault’s Method: Epistemology/ Phenomenology, Psychology/Psychiatry

This paper analyzes Foucault’s early thinking (from 1954 to 1957) as it bears on psychology, anthropology and psychiatry. The author maintains that Foucault’s texts from that period can be mined for the origins of the Foucault methodology, early indications of its scope, and its first applications. Although Foucault opposed a phenomenology of epistemology and allied himself with the latter, a close reading of his early work reveals a paradoxical synthesis of phenomenological and epistemological views. The influences of Georges Canguilhem, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Ludwig Binswanger were decisive here.Foucault adopted the “practice-to-theory” vector from Canguilhem and grounded the history of psychology and psychiatry on the study of essential oppositions: normal - pathological, personality - environment, evolution - history. Merleau-Ponty’s theory allowed him to demonstrate that the ontological perspective of psychology and psychiatry does not match the subject of their research, which is the person and their experience. Foucault’s application of Binswanger and the idea of existence is to problematize the boundaries between psychology and psychiatry and their identity as sciences while formulating the problem of pathology and normality as crucial to their identification. He also considers mental illness as one of the forms of experience. Foucault thus goes beyond the boundaries of psychology and psychiatry to develop his archaeological method. In the Order of things and the Archaeology of Knowledge he makes two philosophical maneuvers: in the first, he rejects the subject; in the second he abandons the continuity of history. Foucault’s early psychological and psychiatric discourse is then the first harbinger of his trespassing the boundaries of disciplines and schools, combining perspectives, and scrutinizing the foundations of scientific practice. A critical dialogue with his own earlier thought is the source of Foucault’s birth as a philosopher.

A phenomenological view for mothers of child victims of sexual abuse: a literature review

espanolEste trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una mirada fenomenologica sobre como las madres de ninos victimas de abuso sexual estan representadas en la literatura cientifica brasilena. Por lo tanto, se realizo una revision integrativa de la literatura, en la cual se realizaron busquedas en los estudios de la base de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual em Saude(BVS), que incluye a otros bancos como SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PePsic (Periodicos Eletronicos em Psicologia) y LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude). Se seleccionaron 19 articulosen el periodo comprendido entre 2006 y 2016. Se observo que pocos estudios tenian el objetivo de investigar a las madres de victimas de abuso sexual infantil, ademas de tener una alta concentracion de este material en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, siendo el lugar donde se realizaron las encuestas mas. Ademas, no se encontraron estudios que contemplaran la interfase entre el sujeto y la fenomenologia. Se senala la necesidad de mas estudios que puedan contribuir a ampliar la discusion sobre el lugar de la madre en relacion con la victimizacion de sus hijos. EnglishThis work aims to present a phenomenological look at how mothers of child victims of sexual abuse are represented in the brazilian scientific literature. An integrative literature review was conducted, in which the studies were searched in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS) database, which includes other banks such as SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PePsic (Periodicos Eletronicos em Psicologia) and LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude). We selected 19 articles in the period between 2006 and 2016. It was observed that few studies had the objective of investigating the mothers of victims of child sexual abuse, in addition to a high concentration of this material in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, being the place where the surveys were most performed. Furthermore, no studies were found that contemplated the interface between the subject and the phenomenology. It is pointed out the need for more studies that can contribute to broaden the discussion about the place of the mother in relation to the victimizationof their children. portuguesO presente trabalho tem como objetivo lancar um olhar fenomenologico para como as maes de criancas vitimas de abuso sexual sao representadas na literatura cientifica brasileira. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma revisao integrativa de literatura, na qual os estudos foram procurados no banco de dado da Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS), que inclui outros bancos como o SciElo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), o PePsic (Periodicos Eletronicos em Psicologia) e a LILACS(Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude). Com isso, foram selecionados 19 artigos no periodo entre 2006 e 2016. Observou-se que poucos estudos que tivessem como objetivo de pesquisa investigar as maes de vitimas de abuso sexual infantil, alem de uma alta concentracao desse material no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo o local onde as pesquisas foram mais realizadas. Alem disso, nao foram encontrados estudos que contemplassem a interface entre o assunto e a fenomenologia. Aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos que possam contribuir para ampliar a discussao sobre o lugar da mae diante da vitimizacao dos filhos.

The Characteristics of Help-Seeking Behavior among Battered Married Immigrant Women in South Korea : With a Phenomenological View

The study aims to explore the characteristics of seeking help against domestic violence among battered married immigrant women in South Korea. The five battered married immigrant women participated in the study and their experience was analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method. As a result, six major themes emerged including ‘Not aware of requests for help’, ‘The desire for help comes to mind’, ‘Failure in receiving informal support while staying with a perpetrator’, ‘Active self-directed seeking help by leaving a perpetrator’, ‘Seeking psychological well-being’, ‘Seeking help to be independent of a perpetrator permanently’. The experience of a request for help among battered married immigrant women was a process of being out of the world. The very limited personal and social resources did not guarantee to protect their health and life from domestic violence. The study criticized the current policy which was not supporting these services. Based on these results, the study proposed policy and practical implication to support help-seeking for battered married immigrant women in South Korea.

Circadian clock genes' overexpression in Drosophila alters diet impact on lifespan.

Diet restriction is one of the most accurately confirmed interventions which extend lifespan. Genes coding circadian core clock elements are known to be the key controllers of cell metabolism especially in aging aspect. The molecular mechanisms standing behind the phenomenon of diet-restriction-mediated life extension are connected to circadian clock either. Here we investigate the effects of protein-rich and low-protein diets on lifespan observed in fruit flies overexpressing core clock genes (cry, per, Clk, cyc and tim). The majority of core clock genes being upregulated in peripheral tissues (muscles and fat body) on protein-rich diet significantly decrease the lifespan of male fruit flies from 5 to 61%. Nevertheless, positive increments of median lifespan were observed in both sexes, males overexpressing cry in fat body lived 20% longer on poor diet. Overexpression of per also on poor medium resulted in life extension in female fruit flies. Diet restriction reduces mortality caused by overexpression of core clock genes. Cox-regression model revealed that diet restriction seriously decreases mortality risks of flies which overexpress core clock genes. The hazard ratios are lower for flies overexpressing clock genes in fat body relatively to muscle-specific overexpression. The present work suggests a phenomenological view of how two peripheral circadian oscillators modify effects of rich and poor diets on lifespan and hazard ratios.

Me? The invisible call of responsibility and its promise for care ethics: a phenomenological view

Care ethics emphasizes responsibility as a key element for caring practices. Responsibilities to care are taken by certain groups of people, making caring practices into moral and political practices in which responsibilities are assigned, assumed, or implicitly expected, as well as deflected. Despite this attention for social practices of distribution and its unequal result, making certain groups of people the recipient of more caring responsibilities than others, the passive aspect of a caring responsibility has been underexposed by care ethics. By drawing upon the work of the French phenomenologist Jean-Luc Marion, a care ethical conceptualization of responsibility can by enriched, by scrutinizing how responsibility is literally a response to something else. This paper starts with a vignette of an everyday situation of professional care. After that the current body of care ethical literature on responsibility is presented, followed by Marion’s phenomenology of givenness, using his analysis of Caravaggio’s painting The Calling of St. Matthew and resulting in his redefinition of responsibility. In the next section we present a table in which we juxtapose four distinct paradigms of responsibility, which we will describe briefly. The final section consists of an exploration of the paradigms by an analysis of the vignette and results in a conclusion concerning what Marion’s view has to offer to care ethics with regard to responsibility.

Attitudinal and Phenomenological Theories of Pleasure

On phenomenological theories of pleasure, what makes an experience a pleasure is the way it feels. On attitudinal theories, what makes an experience a pleasure is its relationship to the favorable attitudes of the subject who is having it. I advance the debate between these theories in two ways. First, I argue that the main objection to phenomenological theories, the heterogeneity problem, is not compelling. While others have argued for this before, I identify an especially serious version of this problem that resists existing solutions, and I explain why even this version of the problem does not undermine phenomenological theories. Second, I argue that a grand reconciliation can be effected between the two types of theory: it can be true both that pleasures are pleasures in virtue of the way they feel and that they are pleasures in virtue of how they are related to their subjects' favorable attitudes, so long as the attitudes that are constitutively related to pleasures are ones that feel a certain way. Hybrid views of this sort have significant advantages over pure attitudinal or phenomenological views.

The Pre-reflective Situational Self

It is often held that to have a conscious experience presupposes having some form of implicit self-awareness. The most dominant phenomenological view usually claims that we essentially perceive experiences as our own. This is the so called “mineness” character, or dimension of experience. According to this view, mineness is not only essential to conscious experience, it also grounds the idea that pre-reflective self-awareness constitutes a minimal self. In this paper, we show that there are reasons to doubt this constituting role of mineness. We argue that there are alternative possibilities and that the necessity for an adequate theory of the self within psychopathology gives us good reasons to believe that we need a thicker notion of the pre-reflective self. To this end, we develop such a notion: the Pre-Reflective Situational Self. To do so, we will first show how alternative conceptions of pre-reflective self-awareness point to philosophical problems with the standard phenomenological view. We claim that this is mainly due to fact that within the phenomenological account the mineness aspect is implicitly playing several roles. Consequently, we argue that a thin interpretation of pre-reflective self-awareness—based on a thin notion of mineness—cannot do its needed job within, at least within psychopathology. This leads us to believe that a thicker conception of pre-reflective self is needed. We, therefore, develop the notion of the pre-reflective situational self by analyzing the dynamical nature of the relation between self-awareness and the world, specifically through our interactive inhabitation of the social world.

Planck scale effects on the stochastic gravitational wave background generated from cosmological hadronization transition: A qualitative study

We reconsider the stochastic gravitational wave background spectrum produced during the first order hadronization process, in presence of ultraviolet cutoffs suggested by the generalized uncertainty principle as a promising signature towards the Planck scale physics. Unlike common perception that the dynamics of QCD phase transition and its phenomenological consequences are highly influenced by the critical temperature, we find that the underlying Planck scale modifications can affect the stochastic gravitational spectrum arising from the QCD transition without a noteworthy change in the relevant critical temperature. Our investigation shows that incorporating the natural cutoffs into MIT bag equation of state and background evolution leads to a growth in the stochastic gravitational power spectrum, while the relevant redshift of the QCD era, remains unaltered. These results have double implications from the point of view of phenomenology. Firstly, it is expected to enhance the chance of detecting the stochastic gravitational signal created by such a transition in future observations. Secondly, it gives a hint on the decoding from the dynamics of QCD phase transition.