Abstract
We reconsider the stochastic gravitational wave background spectrum produced during the first order hadronization process, in presence of ultraviolet cutoffs suggested by the generalized uncertainty principle as a promising signature towards the Planck scale physics. Unlike common perception that the dynamics of QCD phase transition and its phenomenological consequences are highly influenced by the critical temperature, we find that the underlying Planck scale modifications can affect the stochastic gravitational spectrum arising from the QCD transition without a noteworthy change in the relevant critical temperature. Our investigation shows that incorporating the natural cutoffs into MIT bag equation of state and background evolution leads to a growth in the stochastic gravitational power spectrum, while the relevant redshift of the QCD era, remains unaltered. These results have double implications from the point of view of phenomenology. Firstly, it is expected to enhance the chance of detecting the stochastic gravitational signal created by such a transition in future observations. Secondly, it gives a hint on the decoding from the dynamics of QCD phase transition.
Highlights
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs), as a physical phenomenon generated by some energetic processes in the universe, have become increasingly important recently both for the theoretical physicists and the observational astrophysicists
Since our focus in this paper is on the stochastic gravitational-wave background ” (SGWB) sourced by the first order hadronization process, we consider two significant components involved in strong quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition which have important role in production of the SGWB
We have focused on the SGWB arising from the first order QCD phase transition in a framework where quantum gravity (QG) effects are present
Summary
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs), as a physical phenomenon generated by some energetic processes in the universe, have become increasingly important recently both for the theoretical physicists and the observational astrophysicists. Concerning the cosmological sources, first order phase transitions could give rise to the possibility of production of SGWB signals with very low frequency as designated for SKA and PTA experiments [12, 13]. [38], the authors by considering the Planck scale physics into the gravitational bar detectors, have been succeeded in extracting a solid constraint for possible Planck-scale corrections on the ground-level energy of an oscillator This idea that GUP can affect the dynamics of QCD phase transition comes back to the fact that GUP, by modifying the fundamental commutator bracket between position and momentum operators, leads to some modifications in the Hamiltonian of physical systems [28]. In the final HG phase, aside from three light bosons (Pions, π± and (π0)), the presence of heavier hadrons may contributes at < Tc which regardless of them one finds for the hadronic degrees of freedom gπ ∼ 3
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