Abstract
This paper concerned with the effect of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the stochastic gravitational wave (SGW) background signal that produced during first order cosmological QCD phase transition in early universe. A modified formula of entropy is used to calculate the temporal evolution of temperature of the universe as a function of the Hubble parameter. The pressure that results from the recent lattice calculations, which provides parameterizations of the pressure due to u,d,s quarks and gluons, with trace anomaly is used to describe the equation of state around QCD epoch. A redshift in the peak frequency of SGW at current epoch is calculated. The results indicate an increase in the frequency peak due to GUP effect, which improves the ability to detect it. Taking into account bubble wall collisions (BWC) and turbulent magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) as a source of SGW, a fractional energy density is investigated. It is found that the GUP effect weakens the SGW signal generated during QCD phase transition in comparison to its counterpart in the absence of GUP. These results support understanding the cosmological QCD phase transition and test the effectiveness of the GUP theory.
Highlights
One of the most important physical phenomena that have attracted both attention in theoretical physicists and observational astrophysicists is the discovery of gravitational waves (GWs)
We have studied the effects of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the stochastic gravitational wave (SGW) background signal generated at the quark-hadron phase transition, which corresponds to the cosmological first order phase transition
It is found that the presence of GUP leads to decrease in relative Hubble parameter and energy density parameter ratio, and the reduction is always proportional to the value of GUP parameter
Summary
One of the most important physical phenomena that have attracted both attention in theoretical physicists and observational astrophysicists is the discovery of gravitational waves (GWs). According to the recent results of QCD lattice, in the presence of strong interactions, the pressure P is no longer equal to its value in the radiation dominated epoch [22]. In [25], a fractional energy density and a peak frequency redshift at current time of SGW is investigated using effective QCD equation of state of three chiral quark flavors u, d, s including chemical potential and finite temperature. We investigate the effect of GUP on the SGW background signal which is emanated from the first order cosmological QCD phase transition in early universe. These results can shed light on a better understanding of the cosmological QCD phase transition and show the importance of the GUP theory
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