Pharmacy Product Research Articles

Analysis and Implications of Pharmacy Product Information in Community Pharmacy Newspaper Advertisements

The Modified Structural Model of Attitude Toward the Ad Formation served as the theoretical basis for a systematic analysis of the message content of the pharmacy product information contained in 99 community pharmacy newspaper advertisements. Two classes of pharmacy products were advertised: (1) physical goods, such as legend and nonlegend drugs and other health care goods merchandised in the pharmacy, and (2) service goods. Three classes of ads were identified: (1) physical goods, (2) service g*, and $3) combined physical and service goods. Pharmacy product information was classified into two categories: price and product attributes. A four component standard ad information product was developed and used to extract pharmacy product information from ads, then a standardized measure of the information contained in the ads was developed. Price and product infonnation accounted for 30.7% (n = 666) and 69.3% (n = 1,506), respectively, of total ad bit information. There were 9 sponsors of the 99 ads, of which 42.4% (n = 42). 26.3% (n = 26), and 31.3% (n = 31) were for physical, service and combined physical and service goods ads, respectively. Of the most frequent ad sponsors, three most often sponsored phys~cal goods ads. For one of these ad sponsors, the most total ad information was contained in combined physical and service goods ads. For four of the most frequent ad sponsors, physical goods ads contained more price information than was contained in their other ads. Based on grand averages, combined physical and service goods ads contained the most total ad information, while service goods ads contained the least. On average, physical goods ads contained about 1.6 times as much product as price information. Service goods ads contained about 7.4 times as much product as price information. Combined physical and service goods ads contained about 2.7 times as much product as price information.

Analysis and Implications of Pharmacy Product Information in Community Pharmacy Newspaper Advertisements

The Modified Structural Model of Attitude Toward the Ad Formation served as the theoretical basis for a systematic analysis of the message content of the pharmacy product information contained in 99 community pharmacy newspaper advertisements. Two classes of pharmacy products were advertised: (1) physical goods, such as legend and nonlegend drugs and other health care goods merchandised in the pharmacy, and (2) service goods. Three classes of ads were identified: (1) physical goods, (2) service g*, and $3) combined physical and service goods. Pharmacy product information was classified into two categories: price and product attributes. A four component standard ad information product was developed and used to extract pharmacy product information from ads, then a standardized measure of the information contained in the ads was developed. Price and product infonnation accounted for 30.7% (n = 666) and 69.3% (n = 1,506), respectively, of total ad bit information. There were 9 sponsors of the 99 ads, of which 42.4% (n = 42). 26.3% (n = 26), and 31.3% (n = 31) were for physical, service and combined physical and service goods ads, respectively. Of the most frequent ad sponsors, three most often sponsored phys~cal goods ads. For one of these ad sponsors, the most total ad information was contained in combined physical and service goods ads. For four of the most frequent ad sponsors, physical goods ads contained more price information than was contained in their other ads. Based on grand averages, combined physical and service goods ads contained the most total ad information, while service goods ads contained the least. On average, physical goods ads contained about 1.6 times as much product as price information. Service goods ads contained about 7.4 times as much product as price information. Combined physical and service goods ads contained about 2.7 times as much product as price information.

Pharmaceutical care: Pharmacy's mission for the 1990s

The case for pharmaceutical care as pharmacy's mission for the 1990s is presented. The emergence of pharmacy as a clinical profession has given pharmacists the skills and knowledge to improve the outcomes of drug therapy. It also presents them with the responsibility for those results. Practitioners of pharmaceutical care are concerned with the effect of their services on patients' quality of life and not merely with the act of providing services. They work with other health-care professionals as equals to ensure that therapeutic goals are achieved and that drug-related illness does not occur or is quickly detected and resolved. To be accepted and implemented, pharmaceutical care must first overcome pharmacy's product- and service-oriented focus, opposition from other health-care professions and drug manufacturers, financial and logistical problems, and ignorance and inertia among pharmacists themselves. Through a united effort, pharmacy organizations, schools, and individual pharmacists can translate the need for pharmaceutical care into demands for it by patients, insurance companies, health maintenance organizations, and the government. Pharmaceutical skills and knowledge have developed to the point where pharmacists must share in responsibility for the outcomes of drug therapy.

１％ラウロマクロゴール注射薬中のアルデヒド類の微量分析

1% Lauromacrogol (LM) injection as hospital pharmacy product has been used as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of esophageal varices.LM, a polyoxyethylene ether is prepared by the additive polymerization of ethylene oxide with lauryl alcohol, and accordingly the possibility of degradation for sterilization is present.A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was presented for the separation and analysis of aldehydes in LM injection as their 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPH). In spite of the sterilization of LM injection, FA and acetaldehyde (AA) were confirmed.Aliphatic carbonyl compounds were increased after the sterilization, especially AA was increased more than 20 times. A HPLC system for the determination of FA and AA with DNPH has been presented and this method provides a potentially very selective and sensitive method for the determination of these compounds in LM injection.

アドリアマイシンのリポソーム封入体の院内製剤化における基礎的検討

Liposome-entrapped adriamycin (ADM-Lip) as hospital pharmacy product for injection was investigated for improving therapeutic effects of adriamycin. ADM-Lip was prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and stearylamine (molar ratio, 3: 3: 1), and separated from free adriamycin by dialysis. It was stable in dialysate of 0.01 M phosphate buffer with 0.85% NaCl (pH 7.4) at 37°. ADM-Lip increased the octanol-water partition coefficients to about 30 times as compared with those of the free form. Size of most ADM-Lip particles was less than 0.4μm and, therefore, ADM-Lip could be prepared as sterile injection by filtration through 0.45μm membrane filter.

Evaluating vendor responses

The process of evaluating computer vendors' responses to a request for proposal (RFP) is described. The steps involved are (1) reviewing vendor proposals, (2) attending vendor presentations (3) reviewing references, (4) visiting vendor clients, (5) reviewing vendor stability, and (6) making the decision. The primary purpose of reviewing proposals is to reduce the number of vendors under consideration. Vendors' proposals should be attended by representatives of all affected departments, and each vendor's presentation should be discussed with the RFP or RFP extension as a guide. Interviewing users of a system helps determine how the system works in practice and how accurately the vendor has represented his product. Likewise, visiting selective vendor clients, without the vendor representative being present, helps establish whether the persons actually using the system like it and find it easy to use. A vendor's stability can be best determined by examining its financial stability and its commitment to the pharmacy product. Making the selection requires elimination of vendors that do not meet minimum requirements, rating the remaining vendors numerically, and deciding which features of each system are most desirable. The vendor selection process provides an opportunity to thoroughly study an operation and helps set priorities for the department.

Mastery Learning as a Teaching Strategy in Pharmacy Product Information

Mastery Learning as a Teaching Strategy in Pharmacy Product Information