Professional Pharmacists Research Articles

PELATIHAN DIGITALISASI FARMASI IKATAN APOTEKER INDONESIA (IAI) PC KOTA SALATIGA

Pharmacists/pharmacy services need to improve their professionalism in order to keep up with the rapid development of technology. Digitalization applied in the pharmaceutical world needs to be accompanied by a “human touch”. One of the efforts that can be made by IAI PC Salatiga City members is to understand and innovate in the use of health service technology. The solution to the problems that occur is to conduct training and understanding of digital transformation which has now become a necessity for the industrial world, especially the pharmaceutical sector. One of the factors that accelerates the process, so that many business operations today can be shortened and more efficient due to digitalization. One of the important characteristics of the pharmacist profession is adaptability. There was a significant increase in participants' knowledge before and after the training, this was based on the increasing enthusiasm of the participants in asking questions and actively participating in this activity. The IAI Salatiga City pharmacy digitalization training is expected to create enthusiasm to be able to continue to develop the knowledge and insights of participants, especially members of the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) PC Salatiga City to improve services to the community.Suggestions for IAI PC Salatiga City members, frequent training activities for digitalization of pharmaceutical services and preparing members who understand digitalization to be able to achieve health development targets, especially the change from the analog to the digital era.

Student Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Education

This study explored student pharmacists' perceptions and attitudes regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in pharmacy practice. Due to AI/ML's promising prospects, understanding students' current awareness, comprehension, and hopes for their use in this field is essential. In May 2024, a Zoom focus group discussion was conducted with six student pharmacists using a self-developed interview guide. The guide included questions about the benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations of implementing AI/ML in pharmacy practice and education. The participants' demographic information was collected through a questionnaire. The research team conducted a thematic analysis of the discussion transcript. The results generated by a team member using NVivo were compared with those generated by ChatGPT, and all discrepancies were addressed. Student pharmacists displayed a generally positive attitude towards the implementation of AI/ML in pharmacy practice but lacked knowledge about AI/ML applications. Participants recognized several advantages of AI/ML implementation in pharmacy practice, including improved accuracy and time-saving for pharmacists. Some identified challenges were alert fatigue, AI/ML-generated errors, and the potential obstacle to person-centered care. The study participants expressed their interest in learning about AI/ML and their desire to integrate these technologies into pharmacy education. The demand for integrating AI/ML into pharmacy practice is increasing. Both student and professional pharmacists need additional AI/ML training to equip them with knowledge and practical skills. Collaboration between pharmacists, institutions, and AI/ML companies is essential to address barriers and advance AI/ML implementation in the pharmacy field.

Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing Algorithms in the Remote Mobile Medical Diagnosis System of Internet Hospitals

In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of professional pharmacists, integrate medical resources, and ensure the safety of patients’ medication, the telemedicine diagnosis system has played a great role. Today, in this “Internet +” era, all walks of life have begun to integrate with Internet technology. The purpose of this article was to discuss the practical utility of machine learning and natural language processing algorithms in the remote mobile medical diagnosis system of Internet hospitals, for which this article conducted in-depth discussion. This article first introduced the basic concepts, development, and characteristics of machine learning and natural language processing algorithms in detail, and carefully studied and analyzed the development and culture of traditional offline medical diagnosis models. Based on machine learning and natural language processing algorithms, a remote mobile medical diagnosis is designed. By combining with the medical diagnosis system of traditional hospitals, a new type of remote mobile medical diagnosis system for Internet hospitals was designed and developed, and the combination of traditional medical industry and Internet technology was deeply studied. According to each functional requirement, the image module, heart rate measurement module, and user setting module are designed, respectively. Compared to traditional medical diagnosis systems, the accuracy of the remote mobile medical diagnosis system based on machine learning applied in Internet hospital diagnosis in this article reached 80% or even higher. At the same time, it was found through experiments that when the evolution number was 3, the maximum fit value and average fit value were the same, both of which were 0.6. This indicates that the system can accommodate more than 10,000 people at the same time, and patients can receive good treatment plans, with a very broad application prospect

CURRENT TRENDS OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY THROUGH THE PRISM OF ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

The article focuses attention on the need to research modern trends in the training of pharmaceutical industry specialists through the prism of deontological and professional standards. It was established that the modern system of professional training of future specialists in the pharmaceutical industry was influenced by the changes that the industry underwent after Ukraine gained independence: a significant reduction in the range and volume of production of domestic pharmaceutical products, orientation towards European standards of professional training of specialists, compliance with the ethical principles of the work of pharmaceutical specialists. It is noted that the Code of Ethics of Pharmaceutical Workers of Ukraine became the basic regulatory regulator of pharmacist professional ethics in Ukraine, but the further development of international legislation requires adaptation of the domestic pharmaceutical education system to its requirements. The article analyzes the key normative documents that determine the deontological and professional standards for the training of pharmaceutical industry specialists. Modern trends in the training of specialists in the pharmaceutical industry are defined as: the focus on increasing the prestige of the pharmacist profession, raising its status and improving its image in society; compliance with high standards of professional behavior of pharmaceutical industry specialists; strengthening of patient- and client-oriented professional activity in the field of pharmacy, which meets the modern requirements of deontological and professional standards regarding the transfer of emphasis from subject-object interaction in the specialist-client-patient plane to subject-subject interaction; strengthening the professional autonomy of pharmacists among other specialists of the health care system.

Edukasi Pengenalan Apoteker Cilik dan DAGUSIBU Pada Siswa SDN 4 di Desa Bahomoleo Kecamatan Bungku Tengah Kabupaten Morowali

Pharmacists are pharmaceutical graduates who have completed pharmacy education and have taken the pharmacist oath, carrying out pharmaceutical work including the manufacturing, quality control of pharmaceutical preparations, security, procurement, storage, distribution, or dispensing of drugs, drug management, prescription drug services, drug information services, as well as drug development, drug substances, and traditional medicines. Currently, the empowerment of health education programs and health services at an early age, especially at the elementary school level, has begun to develop. Children need to receive a lot of information about various professions to increase their insights and stimulate their learning spirit. Based on this, education activities of Junior Pharmacists (Apoteker Cilik) and DAGUSIBU (acronym for Obtaining, Using, Storing, and Disposing of drugs properly) were conducted for elementary school students to introduce the pharmacist profession and educate them on obtaining, using, storing, and disposing of drugs properly. The education was conducted for 5th and 6th-grade students at SDN 4 Bungku Tengah, Morowali, Central Sulawesi, involving 60 students. The method of this activity was through PowerPoint presentations, selection of speakers and materials for Junior Pharmacists and DAGUSIBU, and evaluation of education through question and answer sessions on the material. The evaluation results showed a positive outcome, namely an increase in knowledge about the pharmacist profession and proper drug DAGUSIBU.

Intelligent supervision of PIVAS drug dispensing based on image recognition technology.

Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services (PIVAS) are places dedicated to the centralized dispensing of intravenous drugs, usually managed and operated by professional pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, and are an integral part of modern healthcare. However, the workflow of PIVAS has some problems, such as low efficiency and error-prone. This study aims to improve the efficiency of drug dispensing, reduce the rate of manual misjudgment, and minimize drug errors by conducting an in-depth study of the entire workflow of PIVAS and applying image recognition technology to the drug checking and dispensing process. Firstly, through experimental comparison, a target detection model suitable for drug category recognition is selected in the drug-checking process of PIVAS, and it is improved to improve the recognition accuracy and speed of intravenous drug categories. Secondly, a corner detection model for drug dosage recognition was studied in the drug dispensing stage to further increase drug dispensing accuracy. Then the PIVAS drug category recognition system and PIVAS drug dosage recognition system were designed and implemented.

The scientific argument, discussion and dispute of some peculiarities, prospectives, challenges, opportunities, impedances and features of pharmacist profession, role and occupational enhancement prospects in general locally and globally in XXI century: Bright and Eternal Memory to Bright Man... May God Bless and Enlighten Your Soul!!!

The scientific argument, discussion and dispute of some peculiarities, prospectives, challenges, opportunities, impedances and features of pharmacist profession, role and occupational enhancement prospects in general locally and globally in XXI century: Bright and Eternal Memory to Bright Man... May God Bless and Enlighten Your Soul!!!

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Tenaga Kefarmasian Tentang Penyerahan Obat Keras Tanpa Resep Dokter di Apotek Desa Waimital

Introduction Hard drugs are drugs that have hard properties and if used carelessly or not according to the rules, can cause dangerous side effects and even poison the body, aggravate the disease, trigger the emergence of other diseases, to cause damage to body organs and death. Hard drugs are drugs that can only be obtained by prescription. Its characteristics are marked with a red round circle with a black border with the letter K in the middle that touches the border. This drug should only be sold in pharmacies and must be prescribed by a doctor at the time of buying it. While Mandatory Pharmacy Drugs (OWA) are some hard drugs that can be submitted without a doctor's prescription, but must be submitted by a Pharmacist at the pharmacy. This research method uses qualitative descriptive research design. What was used was total sampling with the measuring instrument used, namely a questionnaire with the number of samples being 15 respondents who became pharmaceutical personnel at the pharmacy. The results of the study showed that for the variable level of knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel with good categories amounted to 12 respondents with a percentage (80.0%) and enough 3 respondents with a percentage (20.0%), Kesimplant from the results of the level of knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel at pharmacies Waimital Village, Kairatu District, West Seram was good because pharmaceutical personnel knew information about hard drugs without a prescription and it was known that the pharmacist profession and the pharmacist assistant have the same level of understanding.

The reason for having a code of pharmaceutical ethics: Spanish Pharmacists Code of Ethics

The pharmacist profession needs its own code of conduct set out in writing to serve as a stimulus to pharmacists in their day-to-day work in the different areas of pharmacy, in conjunction always with each individual pharmacist’s personal commitment to their patients, to other healthcare professionals and to society.An overview is provided of the different codes of ethics for pharmacists on the national and international scale, the most up-to-date code for 2015 being presented as a set of principles which must guide a pharmacutical conduct from the standpoint of deliberative judgment.The difference between codes of ethics and codes of practice is discussed. In the era of massive-scale collaboration, this code is a project holding bright prospects for the future. Each individual pharmacutical attitude in practicing their profession must be identified with the pursuit of excellence in their own personal practice for the purpose of achieving the ethical and professional values above and beyond complying with regulations and code of practice.

Perception of healthcare personnel in interprofessional collaborations: A study in two “type c” hospitals in East Java

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) describes Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) as a comprehensive service provided by several health workers from different professional backgrounds, collaborating with patients, families and communities to provide quality services. Objective: To investigate the relationship between professions, gender, length of employment and age with IPC. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two type C hospitals in East Java from June to July, 2022. The total sampling technique used involved doctors, pharmacists, nurses and nutritionists. Informed consent was given to all study participants. The Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) questionnaire used a five-point Likert scale which comprising eight domains. Results: From the lowest average results for each domain, significant differences were found in the education group with the domain "team relations with the community, namely the pharmacist profession". Conclusion: Doctors, pharmacists, nurses and nutritionists have different levels of IPC perception in eight domains but there were no significant differences.

PENGENALAN PROFESI APOTEKER DAN EDUKASI PENGENALAN BENTUK SEDIAAN OBAT SERTA PENGENALAN LOGO OBAT KEPADA SISWA/I DI SMA ST.PETRUS MEDAN

Pharmacists are health workers who deal directly with the community. Drugs have a very important role in health services. Various drug options are currently being developed and available, so careful consideration is needed in choosing a drug to treat a disease.
 Public understanding of the pharmacist and medicine profession is not fully understood. For that outreach activities are needed. Students as a social component of society make a significant contribution to the development of the nation and are expected to be able to participate scientifically in accordance with their scientific disciplines. Therefore it is very important to carry out pharmacist branding from an early age, in this activity high school students will be educated. This training is intended to introduce the duties and functions of pharmacists, recognize drug dosage forms and introduce drug logos.
 This activity is carried out using the Socialization method, starting with reviewing the activity location, making an application letter and carrying out the activity. As for the implementation of the activity, namely first an explanation of the duties and functions of the Pharmacist Profession is carried out. Explanation of drugs, drug dosage forms, drug logos, how to use drugs. Selection of drugs and self-medication using medicines at home or those commonly obtained at the health facility. As for the results of the activity in the form of documentation at SMA St. Petrus Medan obtained. The students were very happy and focused on listening to the explanation of the material presented. The students will also be motivated by this activity because the pharmacist's role is very important in maintaining public health.
 Keyword : Pharmacists, drug dosage form, logo’s drug

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Melalui Pembinaan Apoteker Cilik (APOCIL) Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Mukarramah

The role of pharmacists as a profession in the health sector has very important duties, especially in drug education. Introduction to the profession of pharmacist and introduction to the rational use of medicines at an early age is one of the tasks of pharmacists. This service was carried out using socialization and education methods along with teaching aids to grade 5 students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Mukarramah. The material presented is in the form of introductory material to the pharmacist profession and DaGuSiBu material. This activity aims to introduce the pharmacist profession as a health worker and a source of information on the correct use of medicines so as to create an increase in health status. From the results of this service, it can be seen that students are very enthusiastic and active in participating in activities so that there is a change in students' knowledge about drug use. Education like this must be increased further with a larger number of participants from various schools so that more elementary school students know how to use drugs rationally.

Exploration and Practice of Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching Reform in Pharmacology Course

The course of Pharmacology has implemented several rounds of online and offline hybrid teaching mode reform. By implementing the “three-step-six-step learning method”, students’ interest in learning has been effectively mobilized, and their autonomous learning ability has been enhanced. The teaching of pharmacological knowledge, the cultivation of pharmaceutical service ability and the cultivation of professional pharmacists’ quality have been closely combined, which has cultivated students’ professional self-confidence, cast students’ benevolence as pharmacists, improved their professional competence and professional identity, and achieved professional education and moral education.

Training on Procedures for Using Good and Correct Medicine for Health Cadres at the Surobayan Sedayu Mosque

During the pandemic and post-pandemic times, public awareness of health has increased. This condition, of course, must be accompanied by increased health knowledge, including knowledge about medicine. The Al-Hikmah Surobayan Mosque Foundation and LAZISMU Sedayu are starting a health center for residents, so this community service is aimed at training health cadres regarding drug problems. The community service, which took place at the Al-Hikmah Mosque Health Center on March 5, 2023, was attended by 22 health cadres aged 50.78 years. In this activity, the speakers were pharmacists from the pharmacist profession study program FKIK UMY and pharmacists from the UAD pharmacy faculty, assisted by students who were members of PIO activities.The training was carried out in stages, starting with a brief introduction to the types of drugs, then how to use drugs, store drugs, and recognize signs of drug side effects. This service collaborated with the Faculty of Pharmacy Ahmad Dahlan University collaborators. The results of the community service that has been carried out show increased knowledge of cadres and the community regarding drugs, as indicated by an increase in the average post-test score (from 69.1 to 81). This activity was continued by sending students who are members of the Drug Information Center (PIO) during the opening hours of the health center on Saturday and Sunday. The pharmacist must assist cadres on an ongoing basis to escort the health center to the Pratama clinic

Does Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Matter on Professional’s Entrepreneurial Intention?

This study aims to investigate determinants of entrepreneurial intention (EI) consisting of entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial attitude (EA) of professional pharmacists within Greater Jakarta of Indonesia by referring to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Research on EI and its determinants in specific business fields with pharmacists as research subjects have not been widely revealed. This investigation uses quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey model. The population of this study is all pharmacists registered within the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI), and we obtained 391 sample based on the Slovin formula (error 5%). This research used a proportional random sampling and was analyzed undergoing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-Lisrel). The results showed significant positive impact of EE, ESE, and EA on EI. Likewise, EE, ESE has a significant positive effect on EA. Therefore, EA can play as mediator (partial mediating) to the relationship of ESE and EI but not so with EE and EI. This study succeeded in explaining the role of ESE as a dominant factor in informing EI. The paper provides evidence and these findings are of interest to business, academia and policy makers.

Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention in Gender Perspective: Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to investigate entrepreneurial intention and its determinants in a gender perspective of professional pharmacists within the Greater Jakarta of Indonesia by referring to the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Research on entrepreneurial intention and its determinants in the field of ‘pharmapreneurship’ with professional pharmacists as research subjects is still not widely revealed. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey model. The population of this study is all pharmacists registered with the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) in the area of the Greater Jakarta of Indonesia. Based on the Slovin formula (error 5%) obtained a sample number of 391 pharmacists, with proportional random sampling. The Independent t-test was conducted to investigate mean differences of the EI and its determinants between male and female of professional pharmacists. The results showed that the mean difference on entrepreneurial intention (EI), entrepreneurial attitude (EA) and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) between male and female of professional pharmacists are significantly rejected except for entrepreneurial education (EE). The paper provides evidence that equality between gender settings need to be considered in the design and delivery of the determinants except EE if they are to have the desired impact on entrepreneurial intention. The research findings are of interest to business, academia and policy makers.

Effect of a web-based fertility preservation training program for medical professionals in Japan.

Our web-based training program called "Educating Medical Professionals about Reproductive Issues in Cancer Healthcare" aims to help healthcare professionals communicate promptly with patients and survivors who are adolescents and young adults, with information pertinent to reproductive health issues such as the risk of infertility and fertility preservation. The study participants were professional healthcare providers, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, midwives, psychologists, laboratory technicians, genetic counselors, and dieticians. Pre- and post- and 3-month follow-up tests consisting of 41 questions were administered to measure changes in knowledge and confidence. The participants also received a follow-up survey that covered confidence, communication techniques, and practice habits. A total of 820 healthcare providers participated in this program. The mean total score from the pre-test to the post-test grew significantly (p < 0.01), and participants' self-confidence increased. In addition, there was a change in the behavior of healthcare providers, who began asking about patients' marital status and parity. Our web-based fertility preservation training program improved knowledge and self-confidence regarding fertility preservation issues among healthcare providers caring for adolescents and young adult cancer patients and survivors.

Edukasi Siswa melalui Pengenalan Profesi Apoteker pada Program Kelas Inspirasi di SDN Parinring Makassar

Pharmacists are the source of information about drugs, but many people still need to familiarize themselves with the pharmacist profession. This causes problems for children as well as adults who lack knowledge about medicines in children, which can lead to drug abuse. This activity aims to educate elementary school students about the introduction of the pharmacist profession, an introduction to drugs, and to foster curiosity about the pharmacist profession from an early age. This activity was carried out at SD Negeri Parinring, Kec: Manggala, Makassar, with 35 participants from grade 6 elementary school students. The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) model is used in community service activities, promoting community empowerment to participate. The action begins with an introduction to material delivered by pharmacists. After that, sing the pharmacist's jingle, and give questions to test the extent of drug knowledge possessed by elementary school students, the results of this community service, especially at SD Negeri Parinring, Kec. Manggala, Makassar can increase understanding and drug awareness early to minimize unwanted side effects and become an agent of change who can explain the confusion of drug information circulating among students.&#x0D;

Potential Factors of Primary Hospital Healthcare Professionals in Hindering the Abolition of Routine Skin Test for Cephalosporin: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In 2021, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of Chinese issued a document that no longer recommended the routine skin test for cephalosporin (RSTC). However, there is still resistance to the cancellation of RSTC in a primary hospital. The study aimed to explore the potential factors for hindering the abolition of the RSTC in a county-level hospital based on the PRECEDE model. The cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare workers in the Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, by online questionnaire from September 10 to September 25 in the 2021.The PRECEDE model was used to divide the potential factors of healthcare professionals in hindering the abolition of the RSTC into predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square test, multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis. We collected 605 respondents' valid questionnaires. 254 healthcare professionals were against cancellation of the RSTC, accounting for 41.98%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that working for 6~10 years (β = 1.953, P = 0.024), medium (β = 1.995, P = 0.030) or senior (β = 4.003, P = 0.007) professional qualification, pharmacists (β = 3.830, P = 0.013) and working in surgical department (β= 4.462, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher score of predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors on abolition of RSTC. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that pharmacists (OR=3.113, 95% CI: 1.341-7.223, P=0.030), medium professional qualification (OR=1.272, 95% CI: 0.702-2.302, P=0.008), scores of predisposing factors (OR=1.335, 95% CI: 1.033-1.726, P=0.009), and scores of enabling factors (OR=1.208, 95% CI: 1.109-1.315, P<0.001) were independently associated with the positive anticipated behavior on the abolition of RSTC. While nurses (OR=0.516, 95% CI: 0.284-0.938, P<0.001) were independently associated with anticipated negative behavior. Pharmacists, medium professional qualification, and healthcare professionals with higher scores of predisposing and enabling factors were more likely to have a positive anticipated behavior on the abolition of RSTC, while nurses did not.

Australian community pharmacy service provision factors, stresses and strains: A qualitative study

IntroductionDespite the desire of pharmacists to provide new and more clinically focused services, strain on the community pharmacist workforce is a known barrier to their service provision. Causes are unclear, although the impact of increased workload, as well as broader role-related and systemic causes have been suggested. AimsTo (1) explore the role strain, stress and systemic factors affecting Australian community pharmacists' provision of cognitive pharmacy services (CPS), using the Community Pharmacist Role Stress Factor Framework (CPRSFF), and (2) adapt the CPRSFF to the local setting. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian community pharmacists. Transcripts were analysed with the framework method to verify and adapt the CPRSFF. Thematic analysis of particular codes identified personal outcomes and causative patterns in perceived workforce strain. ResultsTwenty-three registered pharmacists across Australia were interviewed. CPS role benefits included: helping people, and increased competency, performance, pharmacy financial return, recognition from the public and other health professionals, and satisfaction. However, strain was worsened by organisational expectations, unsupportive management and insufficient resources. This could result in pharmacist dissatisfaction and turnover in jobs, sector or careers. Two additional factors, workflow and service quality, were added to the framework. One factor, “View of career importance versus partner's career”, was not apparent. ConclusionThe CPRSFF was found to be valuable in exploring the pharmacist role system and analysing workforce strain. Pharmacists weighed up positive and negative outcomes of work tasks, jobs and roles to decide task priority and personal job significance. Supportive pharmacy environments enabled pharmacists to provide CPS, which increased workplace and career embeddedness. However, workplace culture at odds with professional pharmacist values resulted in job dissatisfaction and staff turnover.