Petrozavodsk State University Research Articles

Новые находки видов лишайников для Архангельской области из Государственного природного заповедника «Пинежский» (Северо-Запад России)

The study presents information about 28 new findings of lichen species from the territory of the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve. Arthopyrenia cerasi, Verrucaria elaeomelaena, and V. murina are new for Northwest Russia, other 14 species are new for the Arkhangelsk Region, 11 — new for its mainland part. The findings were confirmed by specimens stored in the herbaria of Petrozavodsk State University (PZV) and the University of Helsinki (H).

Анализ тревожности студентов первого и второго курсов (на примере Петрозаводского государственного университета)

The level of anxiety in modern stressful and foreign policy unfavorable conditions becomes one of the determining factors in the educational process, before the new reforms in the sphere of education there is a problem of organization of pedagogical process in students with high level of anxiety. In this article we study the actual indicators of personality and reactive anxiety in students of Petrozavodsk State University, we obtained data on statistically reliable differences in personality anxiety in students of different genders. We also conducted a systematic analysis of the literature on the platform elibrary.ru, which allowed us to obtain data on the average level of anxiety in students of different institutions of higher education from 2010 to 2022. The used indicators of the results were the values of the methodology ShRLT (Reactive (situational) and personality anxiety scale) C.D. Spielberger-J.L. Khanin.

Вывеска над нежилым помещением в МКД: конфликт интересов собственников дома и хозяйствующих субъектов

the Petrozavodsk State University, PhD (Law) The article considers the issue of the possibility of placing information signs of a non-advertising nature by economic entities on the facade of an apartment building, the legality of the requirement to approve these signs at the general meeting of the owners of the MKD and the legality of charging fees for their placement and use (rent). The author takes the position that the placement of signage on the facade should not be considered solely from the standpoint of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. This is a complex issue involving the use of housing and civil legislation in its consideration, including the Law of the Russian Federation "On Consumer Rights Protection".

Мотивация студентов гуманитарных специальностей к изучению иностранных языков: изменения и тенденции

Introduction. In teaching foreign languages to Russian students there is a tendency of decreasing motivation in learning European languages because of changes in the geopolitical situation. The aim of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the changes in students’motivation to learn English at Petrozavodsk State University from 2019 to 2022. Theoretical analysis. A comparative analysis of Russian and foreign studies shows that low motivation to learn prevents students from achieving high results. The motivational sphere is influenced by such objective and subjective factors as profession, age, gender, learning environment, and university curriculum. Empirical analysis. The study revealed two different trends. If the future historians, political scientists, and social workers still show their interest in learning English for the purpose of self-education and self-realization, then among the students specializing in “Tourism” the decrease in motivation, caused by the reduction of opportunities to use English in their professional activities in the near future, was recorded. Conclusion. The authors conclude that the task of stimulating students’ interest in learning European languages in Russian universities and the search for new non-standard methods of teaching foreign languages does not lose its relevance.

Studying and understanding the Islam world by history students of the Petrozavodsk State University

The article analyzes the impressions and statements of foreign and Russian authors of the late 19th - early 20th centuries about the history and culture of the Muslim world. The importance of original orientalist publications from the rare book reading room collection of the Scientific Library of the Petrozavodsk State University in the study and understanding by student historians of the Islam world is shown.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЙ РОДНОГО КРАЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРИОБЩЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ К ИСТОКАМ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Upbringing the younger generation on the basis of national traditions contributes to the spiritual and moral enrichment of society. The article is devoted to the problem of introducing students — future teachers — to the origins of national culture through folklore, which has a great educational potential. The author focuses on the study of folk tales in the educational process as a direction related to the preservation of traditional folk culture, the formation of a meaningful attitude to the national artistic heritage. Karelian fairy tales are valuable folklore material with educational potential in the development of aesthetic and moral qualities, instilling love for the native land, glorifying its beauty and unique traditions. The author pays attention to the artistic representation of the characters of Karelian fairy tales, reveals their mythological basis and artistic traditions of embodiment. The article describes the experimental work carried out by the author in the academic year 2023/2024 at the Department of Technology, Fine Arts and Design of the Petrozavodsk State University and the Petrozavodsk Specialized School of Arts. Plunging into the world of folklore traditions of their homeland, the students comprehend the need to implement a national and regional component in university and secondary education. The study of folklore traditions helps to introduce students to the origins of national culture, the formation of ethno-cultural and civic identity, and the ability to carry out practical activities.

Monitoring the electrical potential difference of pine tree

The subject of the study is the time series of the difference in electrical potentials along the trunk of a pine tree and the time series of meteorological and geomagnetic parameters consistent with them, measured by hardware and software complexes of the geophysical observatory "Petrozavodsk" and the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University in 2017-2022, as well as the time series of the K-index database global geomagnetic activity. The existence of characteristic regimes in the difference in electrical potentials of pine trees is shown, depending on the season, temperature, precipitation, humidity, determined by physical environmental factors and physiological processes in the tree. The reaction of the electrical potential difference of pine trees to meteorological parameters, thunderstorms, and space weather phenomena: magnetic storms and solar eclipses is analyzed. The results of these observations are qualitatively interpreted using known features of electric field of the Earth.

Environmental education in international cooperation between Russian and Kazakh universities: case study

Introduction. Environmental problems and climate change are global challenges to mankind, requiring joint efforts for a joint solution. Predictions of climate scientists determine the need for radical changes in the way of life of modern civilization and the search for new approaches to environmental education of the younger generation. The aim of the article is to describe the joint experience of Russian and Kazakh universities in environmental education to form the foundations of environmental competence in an international project and analyze the results obtained. Materials and methods. An interdisciplinary project in English "Environmental Education: an international project on climate problems in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan" involved 114 students of Petrozavodsk State University and Eurasian National University. The research methodology was based on a comparative analysis of the data obtained through formalized questionnaire surveys of open and closed types, as well as self-assessment and statistical methods. Research results. The experiment revealed positive dynamics in the environmental competence development of students of both universities, similarities and differences in their awareness of the vital importance of environmental issues for the world and their regions of residence. The target values of the experimental groups proved to be statistically significantly higher than those of the control group in their understanding of the seriousness of global warming problems (temp_PetrSU = 5,86, р<0,001; temp_ENU = 2,83, р<0,001), plastic waste recycling (temp_PetrSU = 5,12, р<0,001; temp_ENU = 4,27, р<0,001), forest fires (temp_PETRU = 5,25, р<0,001; temp_ENU = 5,80, р<0,001), droughts and food crisis (temp_PETRU = 5,31, р<0,001; temp_ENU = 5,27, р<0,001). The participants in the international project perceived the dangers of loss of a breathable atmosphere, ozone depletion (temp_PetrSU = 5,47, р<0,001; temp_ENU = 4,57, р<0,001) and starvation, connected with the Earth overpopulation (temp_PetrSU = 5,30, р<0,001; temp_ENU = 5,29, р<0,001) more deeply and seriously. The significant result of the project was the creation of an ecological YouTube channel and the development of a joint solution to overcome the identified environmental problems of the regions. Conclusion. The conducted study confirmed the effectiveness of integrating an environmental project into the content of foreign language teaching to develop students' environmental competence. It contributed to the complex ecological education and formation of ecological culture of young people capable of solving global problems of our time. Recommendations on the dissemination of this experience in environmental education of students of technical and natural-science training areas are offered.

ИНКЛЮЗИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ФИЗИЧЕСКОМ ВОСПИТАНИИ СТУДЕНТОВ

The article provides information about the implementation of inclusive space at Petrozavodsk State University. The tasks, required solutions in accordance with the real problems of inclusive education and ways to solve them are presented. Physical and adaptive physical culture are presented as a means of implementing an inclusive space in the higher education system. The GTO festival and training sessions carried out by students with disabilities are effective practices of social integration and professional self-realization.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and transmitral blood flow parameters in patients after COVID-19

Background. People who previously had COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is an early marker of the development of cardiac pathology. Its early detection is important for the adequate therapy order and dynamic monitoring of patients. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the effect of a recent COVID-19 infection on the left ventricular diastolic function and transmitral blood flow parameters in apparently healthy individuals without clinical and instrumental signs of cardiovascular pathology. The aim of the study. To assess the changes in the diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle, its anatomical parameters and transmitral blood flow parameters in two groups of apparently healthy individuals: those who had and those who had not COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed according to the standard technique and its results were analyzed in 66 examined patients who were recognized as apparently healthy according to the results of regular comprehensive clinical and instrumental studies. The first group included 30 individuals who underwent an echocardiographic study before or during the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not have a coronavirus infection; the second group consisted of 36 people who recovered from COVID-19. The indicators of the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the transmitral blood flow parameters were assessed. The study was approved at a meeting of the Medical Ethics Committee under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Karelia and of Petrozavodsk State University (Minutes No. 47 of 01.11.2023). Results. The frequency of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction did not differ in the first and second groups of patients. Statistically significant differences were recorded in the average flow deceleration time for both early and late filling of the left ventricle in people who had and did not have COVID-19 infection. A change in the phase structure of the transmitral blood flow may be an early manifestation of intracardiac hemodynamic disorders in people who have recovered from COVID-19.

Developmental Characteristics of <i>Sorbus</i> (Rosaceae) Species under Introduction in the Republic of Karelia

Abstract—For twelve years, 14 species of the genus Sorbus L. are growing of in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia). They are characterized by a variety of ornamental features – the leaf shape and dissection, flowers, autumn coloring of leaves and fruits. The studied species have different geographical origin: Sorbus americana Marshall and S. decora (Sarg.) C.K. Schneid. are native to North America, S. aria (L.) Grantz, S. mougeotii Soy.-Will. et Godr., S. sudetica (Tausch) Dluff, Nees et Schauer, S. intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers., S. bristoliensis Wilmott, S. × thuringiaca (Ilse ex Nyman) Schonach. – to Europe, S. eburnea McAll., S. koehneana C.K. Schneid., S. amurensis Koehne., S. cashmiriana Hedl., S. sambucifolia (Cham. et Schltdl.) M. Roem – to East Asia, and S. caucasica Zinserl. – to Central Asia. The studied plants have been grown from seeds received in 2010–2015 from the botanical gardens of Russia and abroad. 14 species flowered and fruited for the first time in 2021–2022. Annual shoots of all studied species fully mature by the end of the season. Botanical gardens located at different latitudes provide with data on the cultivated Sorbus species, so it is possible to compare the duration of ontogenetic stages and the dates of the main phenological phases, and to draw preliminary conclusions on the influence of climatic factors on the ontogenetic and seasonal development of plants. The dates of the beginning of the spring vegetation from the middle taiga to Ufa and Stavropol vary by three weeks, and the end of shoot growth – by two months. Along latitudinal gradient from Stavropol to Apatity, the first flowering date varies from the middle of May to the end of July. In the northern regions, the growing season of most of the studied species is shorter than in the southern. A species-specific sequence of seasonal development was revealed: early onset of phenophases in S. sambucifolia, and the latest in S. caucasica, S. bristoliensis, S. eburnea, S. × thuringiaca. According to the first results of a comprehensive assessment of adaptation and viability, all studied Sorbus species are promising as urban greening plants and suitable for further cultivation in southern Karelia.

Practices of Involving Industrial Partners in Education Quality Management

The article describes the experience of interaction between Petrozavodsk State University (Karelia) and a major industrial partner with the help of the Specialised Department. Here, the Department not only represents an educational structure, which improves the quality of practice-oriented training for future engineers, but also solves urgent problems of innovation and research. The authors focus on the reason for the creation of a joint structure, on the organizational features of management, as well as on the main results of the Specialised Department’s activity – that is, the projects «Welding Center», «Systems for Vibrodiagnostics and Predictive Analytics», «Laser Technologies Center». There is expressed an opinion that the described case refl ects a systematic experience of organizing management in a university’s specifi c educational structure and shows the essence of the implemented integration approaches in the practice of university management. The article contains drawings to clearly demonstrate the legal support of the Specialised Department’s activities and the structure of its interaction with the university and with the industrial partner.

Рыбохозяйственная характеристика сига (Coregonus lavaretus L.) и судака (Sander lucioperca L.) Выгозерского водохранилища (водосбор Белого моря)

The Vygozero Reservoir has the status of a reservoir of republican subordination, and fishing there is carried out mainly by fishermen of the Segezha region of the Republic of Karelia. The Vygozero Reservoir contributes 3-7% to the total volume of fish catch in Karelia and occupies 5–6 place in terms of catch among 12 fishing reservoirs of the Republic of Karelia. In this regard, the problem of monitoring the populations of valuable commercial fish species of the Vygozero Reservoir is urgent at the present stage. First of all, zander and whitefish are among species with TAC (total allowable catch) in the Vygozero Reservoir. There are given the results of works carried out within the framework of the state projects and economic contractual topics of the North Research Institute of Fishery under Petrozavodsk State University, Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences for assessing the stock and production of whitefish and zander in the Vygozero (Vygozero-Onda) Reservoir. Whitefish should be taken into the commercial operation from the age of 5+, and zander from the age of 7+ and older. The performed calculations of the stock size based on the data of 2005–2020 allow the TAC volume for whitefish today to be up to 3 tons, or 20.8% of the commercial stock amount (with the maximum norm of 23.4%), zander 18 tons, or 17.7% of the stock (norm = 18.6%). As a result of the calculations and studies, recommendations were made for the rational use of whitefish and zander in the Vygozero Reservoir at the present stage.

The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) in the poetry of Chinese authors (on organizing extracurricular activities in History)

The article describes the attitude of the Chinese intelligentsia to the events of 1937-1945 in China, which is reflected in specific activities and creative works. A number of works by Chinese authors are cited in the translations of Russian orientalists. The authors show that in the process of mastering the discipline "Recent History of Asian and African Countries", it seems useful that fourth-year History students of the Petrozavodsk State University in the undergraduate program "Pedagogical Education" (profiles "Education in Subject Areas" and "History and Social Studies") should develop a plan for extracurricular activities on the topic "Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) in the poetry of Chinese authors" in order to develop the ability to critically select educational material and creatively implement educational tasks. The material of the article can be used to organize extracurricular activities in educational institutions on this topic.

Promotion of universities in the rankings as a result of improving management efficiency

Introduction. Nowadays, one of the assessments of the universities effectiveness is their positions in various rankings (top-lists). Therefore, it is relevant for higher education organizations to get and advance in national and international rankings. The purpose of this particular study is to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the university through the use of scientifically sound management decisions Materials and methods. The research materials were data on the number of publications in the databases of WoS/ Scopus, RSCI and the number of scientific and pedagogical workers of fifty universities included in the TOP-50 of the well-known private rating of scientific activity in Russia for the period from 2017 to 2021. Methods of mathematical and simulation modeling, methods of descriptive statistics and comparative data analysis were used in the study Results of the study. As a part of the study of one well-known national Russian universities rankings for research activities, a methodology was proposed for predicting the places of universities in the ranking based on modeling the dynamics of publication activity. Therefore, the predictive estimates of indicators and places in the ranking were obtained for sixteen universities from the TOP-50. As a result, it was revealed that more than 50% of the reviewed universities have reached the III stage of scientific maturity (saturation stage) and function at the limit of their capabilities in terms of the number of annual publications. As an example, the results of medium-term forecasting of places in the ranking of scientific activity for 16 universities from the TOP-50 and Petrozavodsk State University (which is in the second hundred of the ranking) were obtained. Projects of management solutions have been formed that allow a university, not included in the TOP-50, to get into this range for a limited time. The proposed projects of management decisions are proposed to be achieved through the involvement in the publication activities of NPOs that do not have highly rated publications, but actively present the results of their research in Russian publications included in the RSCI and the Higher Attestation Commission. Discussion and conclusion. The authors of the study proposed a methodology for predicting the places of universities in the ranking. They also described an approach to the promotion of the university in the ranking by improving the values of its own indicators, which allows you to determine the control parameters and their limit values, taking into account existing constraints (time, financial, productive, organizational). A variant of drawing up an ordinal scale of productive capabilities of employees is presented, which may form the basis of recommendations for making managerial decisions to increase the university's performance targets. From a practical point of view, the presented results can be useful to the administration of the university for the analysis and management of performance indicators in order to promote the university in the rankings by increasing its own efficiency of functioning.

Трансформация образовательного процесса в иноязычной цифровой среде

The article describes the practical implementation of an experimental model for shaping professional and universal competences of non-linguistic students of humanities in a digital environment of a regional university. It analyzes the ongoing transformation of the educational process, roles and functions of students and teachers. The urgency of the research is determined by the need to find new effective pedagogical technologies for forming competences, which are in demand in knowledge economy. Theoretical and methodological analysis, empirical observations prove that there is a need for a paradigm shift of the educational process in Russian universities, including the development of student collaborations potential in the digital educational environment. The described five-year study involved 46 students of Petrozavodsk State University. Formalized open- and closed-ended questionnaires, as well as observation, expert assessment and statistics methods were used. A model of teaching foreign languages in a digital environment based on teamwork and self-organization is presented. It includes three modules. The first module involves the creation of a competitive foreign-language environment that encourages the development of leadership qualities and self-presentation skills through participation in digital competitions, festivals and language olympiads. The second module is aimed at forming teamwork skills, developing dialogic communicative skills, expanding the communication space for a more natural language socialization of students in professional and socio-cultural discourse. The third module allows organizing group work between students, as well as between students and teachers. The technology of creating a professionally oriented website in English by master's and bachelor's students is described. The results confirm that learning in such a model contributes to the transformation of the roles and functions of teachers and students, leading to a change in their interaction. This, in turn, not only stimulates the development of students' soft skills (such as communicative and digital skills, teamwork, leadership, systemic and critical thinking), but also creates conditions for the implementation of their initiative, creativity and new ideas. The authors conclude that the proposed model contributes to the development of a new method of teaching a foreign language in the digital environment and helps students to socialize in their future profession.

Tree attribute assessment in urban greenwood using ground-based LiDAR and multiseasonal aerial photography data

Advances in LiDAR and unmanned aerial vehicle technology have made high-resolution data available, which can be used for individual tree detection and assessing tree attributes. The accuracy of these assessments is still not clear for stands with high tree species diversity as well as leaf-off and leaf-on conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of tree top detection and individual tree heights extracted from photogrammetric point clouds and canopy height models as well as ground-based LiDAR clouds in mixed and coniferous forest stands depending on the phenological stage. The study has been carried out in the Botanical Garden of the Petrozavodsk State University (Republic of Karelia, Russia). Four flight missions (in 2019–2021) using Phantom 4 Pro quadcopter were conducted in the arboretum (> 200 tree species) during periods of leafless, leaf biomass growth, full foliage and autumn leaf colouration. A single ground-based laser scanning was performed using a Leica BLK 360. Multiseasonal ultra-high resolution orthophoto mosaics (1.1–2.8 cm/pixel), photogrammetric point clouds (average density is 4200 points/m2), as well as LiDAR clouds (11 600 points/m2) were obtained. Further analysis was performed on three sites differing in tree species composition, tree density and site area. Tree tops were automatically detected from photogrammetric point clouds and their heights were estimated using R environment software. We found that most of the trees (78.9%) were correctly detected by algorithms based on photogrammetric data collected in periods of full foliage and autumn colouration. We also found that the number of false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) cases increased with decreasing in green biomass on deciduous trees. Compared with an average value, tree detection quality increased by 9.4% for coniferous trees with cone-shaped crowns (Abies sibirica, A. balsamea, A. fraseri, Picea abies, P. pungens, P. omorika, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix sibirica) regardless of the tree density, and tree detection quality decreased by 10% for coniferous trees with an ellipsoidal-shaped crowns (e.g. Thuja occidentalis, genus Pinus) or in cases for broad-leaved trees with high tree density. The lowest value of tree detection quality (F = 0.49) was found for the leafless period. High values (F = 0.84) obtained for periods of full foliage and autumn colouration indicates that tree detection quality was well in general. For the biomass growth period, this value (F = 0.69) also indicates a high quality of tree detection results. We also found that tree heights estimated using photogrammetric data well matched with tree heights measured on LiDAR clouds (R2 = 0.99). The highest accuracy was obtained for coniferous trees with cone-shaped crowns. We also estimated the height increments of different tree species between 2019 and 2021 based on photogrammetric point clouds. The highest annual height increment was obtained for Pinus sibirica (52 cm), and the lowest for Pseudotsuga menziesii (32 cm). Overall, our results have shown the potential to use photogrammetric and LiDAR data for tree mapping and estimating tree attributes in multi-species forest stands of arboretums or urban parks, as well as in natural forests.

Real-time tree physiology monitoring system

Electronic devices have been developed to operate in real time with an alarm on the streets of Diptychs. The devices are IoT-platforms based on the ESP-32 microprocessor, equipped with a LoRa transceiver to transmit data to a module that collects tree data and sends it to the cloud using GSM/GPRS. Pilot implementation will take place in 2023 on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (Republic of Karelia, Russia). The work was carried out with the aim of studying the seasonal dynamics of Malus domestica under growing conditions in the extreme territories of Northern Russia. The research results show that on May 16-18, during the characteristic phenological phase «The beginning of reddening of leaves» (ВВСН 11) at an average daily air temperature of +5.7°C, a sum of temperatures of 487°C and an average daily temperature of 325°C. The phenophase «Beginning of flowering» (ВВСН 61) was noted on May 28 at an air temperature of +13.3 °C. The phenophase «Beginning of fruit ripening» (ВВСН 81-86) was noted on August 16. The beginning of the increase in trunk diameter, according to the distant number, was noted on June 15-20, the growth lasted until July 20-25 and amounted to about 3 mm. The research results showed that the species Malus Domestica may be preferable for introduction into the culture of northern fruit growing.

Assessing reforestation after a fire using UAVs

In 2022, an aerial photograph of a 16-year-old burnt area was carried out along the northwestern border of the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (Republic of Karelia, Russia). In addition to this, a field survey of the survey sites was carried out. The work was carried out to assess the state of natural forest regeneration after the fire. The results of combined studies showed that after the fire, viable young growth of mixed composition was formed with a predominance of Pinus sylvestris (71% of the total number of tree species), Betula pendula (22%), Populus tremula and Alnus incana (3.5% each). When comparing plant heights on three-dimensional point clouds with field measurements, it was only possible to reliably determine plant heights for a large generally accepted category (> 1.5 m), while the dependence of determining tree heights obtained by different methods turned out to be very significant (R2 = 0.95). The maximum height of P. sylvestris trees in the study area was 6.2 m, the average values varied from 3.5 m to 4.5 m, which indicates the success of reforestation after a fire on rocky outcrops.

75 years in the service of Karelia: to the anniversary of the State Medical Institution of the Republic of Karelia Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination

The article is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Karelia «Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination». The history of the formation of the forensic medicine service in the Republic of Karelia is briefly described. The data on the heads of the service and well-known forensic experts, the organizers of the forensic medical examination in Karelia, the course of forensic medicine of Petrozavodsk State University, the role of its employees in the work of the State Medical Institution of the Republic of Karelia «Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination» are presented. In addition to available literature sources, archival materials of employees and veterans of the forensic medical service of Karelia were used.