Personality Research Research Articles

Player Types in Gamified Learning: Conceptualization, Validation, and Profiling

Personalized gamification is often considered a superior approach to a one-size-fits-all method. This study addresses three limitations of previous personalized gamification research: (1) conceptual overlap in previous player type models, (2) lack of empirically validated questionnaires, and (3) inadequate profiling methods that only consider the dominant player type. We conducted two interlocking studies. Study One focused on accurately conceptualizing and measuring player types. It synthesized key attributes from previous models and proposed a new model, along with a questionnaire that underwent rigorous development and validation. Study Two focused on comprehensive player type profiling. It employed a new method, cognitive diagnostic models, which produced finer-grained profiles enabling multiple player attributes. Key contributions include a new player type model with five main archetypes, a valid questionnaire for the proposed model, and a feasible method for player type profiling. These contributions advance our understanding of player types and facilitate future personalized gamification practices.

Video Games and Adolescents’ Deviant Behaviours in Selected Secondary Schools in the Bamenda Municipality in the North West Region of Cameroon

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effects of video games on adolescents’ deviant behaviours in selected secondary schools in Bamenda municipality, in Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. The specific objective was to examine how video games affect adolescents’ deviant behaviors.
 Methods: The theoretical underpinnings of this study was informed by Albert Bandura’s (1997) Social learning theory, Hirschi's Social Control Theory (2002) and Roggers’ Innovation-diffusion theory (1995). The study employed the concurrent mixed method design whereby both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. A sample of 384 were randomly selected from five high schools located within the Bamenda Municipality in the North West Region of Cameroon. These schools were GBHS Bamendankwe, GBHS Downtown, GBTHS Bamenda, PCHS Mankon and SMASA Nkwen. A structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the main data collection instruments. Linear regression analysis was used to verify the effect of video games on adolescents’ deviant behaviours. The hypothesis was tested at the significance level of 0.05. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using the technique of content thematic analysis.
 Results: Regression analysis shows that when video games increase by one unit, adolescents’ deviant behavior increases by 0. 572 unit.
 Conclusion: Given that this increase is significant with a p-value of 0.000, it is evident from the study that video games significantly affect adolescents’ deviant behavior.
 Recommendation: Adolescents should not spend most of their time using their ICTs gadgets to play video games rather they should use them to engage in more productive activities like personal research and to study. The government can equally put restrictions on/or block the download of game apps that are not beneficial to adolescents within its borders.

Avoiding Shots in the Dark: Learning from the Past To Inform the Implementation of Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Black American Cisgender Women.

The FDA's approval of long-acting injectable cabotegravir pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI PrEP) as an alternative to daily oral PrEP represents a crucial development in HIV prevention, particularly for American Black cisgender women who face high HIV-1 risks. Yet, uptake may be hindered by racial and gender inequities. Addressing these requires learning from the roll-out of oral PrEP, creating culturally tailored PrEP campaigns, and enhancing provider training to meet Black women's needs. Tools for discussing PrEP within personal relationships and product preference research tailored to Black women's needs are essential for effective LAI PrEP delivery. Deliberative implementation of LAI PrEP must employ strategies that are community-sensitive, -responsive, and -inclusive. It should prioritize the incorporation of Black women's voices in decision-making and should promote community-led strategies. By addressing historical injustices and fostering trust, healthcare systems can enhance LAI PrEP uptake by Black women. Emphasizing a community-centered approach that ensures health equity and acknowledges the crucial role that social media and Black-led organizations play in promoting PrEP awareness and adoption within Black communities is necessary for successful implementation.

Active involvement in scientific research of persons living with dementia and long-term care users: a systematic review of existing methods with a specific focus on good practices, facilitators and barriers of involvement

BackgroundActive involvement of persons living with dementia (PLWD) and long-term care (LTC) users in research is essential but less developed compared to other patient groups. However, their involvement in research is not only important but also feasible. This study aims to provide an overview of methods, facilitators, and barriers for involving PLWD and LTC users in scientific research.MethodsA systematic literature search across 12 databases in December 2020 identified studies involving PLWD, LTC users, or their carers beyond research subjects and describing methods or models for involvement. Qualitative descriptions of involvement methods underwent a risk of bias assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Qualitative Checklist 2018. A data collection sheet in Microsoft Excel and thematic analysis were used to synthesize the results.ResultsThe eighteen included studies delineated five core involvement methods spanning all research phases: advisory groups, formal and informal research team meetings, action groups, workshops, and co-conducting interviews. Additionally, two co-research models with PLWD and carers were found, while only two studies detailed LTC user involvement methods. Four distinct involvement roles were identified: consulting and advisory roles, co-analysts, co-researchers, and partners. The review also addressed barriers, facilitators, and good practices in the preparation, execution, and translation phases of research, emphasizing the importance of diversity, bias reduction, and resource allocation. Trust-building, clear roles, ongoing training, and inclusive support were highlighted.ConclusionsPlanning enough time for active involvement is important to ensure that researchers have time to build a trusting relationship and meet personal needs and preferences of PLWD, LTC users and carers. Researchers are advised not to presume the meaning of burden and to avoid a deficit perspective. A flexible or emergent design could aid involved persons’ ownership of the research process.Trial registrationProspero 2021: CRD42021253736.

Seeking the roots of entrepreneurship: Childhood and adolescence extraversion predict entrepreneurial intention in adults

AbstractEntrepreneurial personality research has mostly used cross‐sectional data, giving rise to the question of whether the results can be used to predict entrepreneurial outcomes. Using a unique longitudinal dataset, we investigate whether and from what age personality in childhood and adolescence predicts entrepreneurial intention in young adulthood. We cover a time span of 17 years by assessing personality at four different developmental phases (6–9, 9–12, 12–15, and 14–17 years of age) and one measurement of entrepreneurial intention in young adulthood (23–26 years of age). We employ a variable‐oriented approach by studying the Big Five traits—imagination, conscientiousness, extraversion, benevolence, and emotional stability—individually and a person‐oriented approach by studying the “entrepreneurial personality profile,” a configuration of these traits. Extraversion as measured at 9–12 years already predicts entrepreneurial intention in young adulthood. This relationship becomes stronger as the age at which extraversion is measured increases. Unlike earlier literature, we do not find clear prospective relationships regarding the other traits. Our study presents insights into the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention and highlights the importance of extraversion in childhood and adolescence. The difference between our results and those of previous cross‐sectional research highlights the importance of using longitudinal data.

A KICK-START TO EXPLORE THE CONCEPT OF PERSONAL QUALITY

This paper explains the concept of personal quality through the lens of the Big Five Personality Model and Self-Efficacy Theory. Personal qualities are described as a visionary, accountable, consistent, always motivated, tolerant and always committed individual. The Big Five Personality Model identifies five fundamental dimensions of personality, including openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. These personality traits play a crucial role in determining how individuals interact with others, handle stress, and approach challenges, thereby influencing their personal quality. In conjunction with the Big Five Personality Model, the Self-Efficacy Theory posits that highly motivated behavior as a conscious cognitive process that involves the ability to anticipate objectives and rewards, as well as the application of judgment, evaluation and decision making. Understanding personal quality through the integration of these psychological frameworks allows for a comprehensive evaluation of human behavior and individual differences. By recognizing the role of personality traits and self-belief in shaping personal quality, researchers and scholars can design effective interventions to enhance personal growth and well-being, thus contributing to a more fulfilling and productive society.

Lifespan research in Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa: Cohort profile of the Africa long life study

Most personality science is conducted with samples from wealthy Western countries, home to only 11% of the world’s population. Longitudinal studies have been particularly informative for psychology, but they are virtually absent from the rest of the world. The Africa Long Life Study (ALLS) brings African perspectives to lifespan research in personality and mental health. Large ( N = ∼1000), relatively-representative samples of 18-year-olds were recruited from throughout Namibia, Kenya, and South Africa in 2022. Participants complete two surveys each year. At the time of the fifth wave, we describe here the goals of the ALLS with emphasis on personality psychology, and the contextualized measurement and methodological approaches we have developed, including the process of finding participants again at later waves. Sample characteristics and retention and attrition over the first three waves are reported. Initial lessons learned and reflections on conducting longitudinal research and personality science in Africa are discussed.

Where are race, ethnicity, and culture in personality research?

In recent years personality psychology has re-affirmed its status as what Revelle famously termed “the last refuge of the generalist.” Conceptualizing personality as consisting of traits, characteristic adaptations, and life stories, all of which must be understood in the context of biological and cultural foundations, provides a “big tent” to integrate nearly any aspect of psychology. And yet, this big tent has seemingly had little room for scholarship focused on race, ethnicity, and culture. This paper includes a brief discussion of five reasons why this has been the case: (a) overstating the universality of traits, (b) overstating the genetic basis of personality, (c) hyper-focusing on dispositions, (d) a compromising association with social psychology, and (e) a weak approach to examining group differences. The paper concludes with some ideas for constructing a bigger, more inclusive tent.

Paths from adverse and benevolent childhood experiences to personal growth after childbirth: The role of psychological distress, social support, and self-compassion.

Dealing with the difficulties and demands of the postpartum period may be distressing for the mother, but it is also an opportunity for her to experience personal growth. One factor that may contribute to this growth is the mother's childhood experiences. Using a prospective study design, and based on Belsky's parenting model and personal growth theory, we examined the direct and indirect contribution of mothers' adverse and benevolent childhood experiences and their current psychological distress, self-compassion, and social support to their personal growth following childbirth and motherhood. A convenience sample of 392 women was recruited through social media and participated in the study about 16 weeks after childbirth (Phase 1) and again 6-10 months postpartum (Phase 2). The direct effects of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences on personal growth were not significant. However, multiple significant paths of indirect associations were found through psychological distress, self-compassion, and social support. To understand the roots of the mother's personal growth, researchers and clinicians alike should not only explore her personal resources, but also the primary processes that contribute to the creation of those resources, that is, childhood experiences. Addressing the mother's childhood experiences may help her to better understand the connections between the past and the present, and to identify the implications of her "ghosts and angels" for her mental state, personal resources, and experience of personal growth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Personalized touchpoints and customer experience: A conceptual synthesis

Customers desire personalized touchpoints, and practitioners largely agree that such touchpoints constitute an essential success factor for firm and customer performance. To date, however, research has investigated the concepts of personalization and customer experience (CX) separately. Adopting a CX lens on personalization, this research draws on the findings of a conceptual synthesis of 293 articles to gain a better understanding of the effect of personalized touchpoints on CX. We find that personalization affects all CX responses, influenced by the characteristics of personalized touchpoints (touchpoint nature, customer journey stage, and personalization design). We discuss key customer contingency factors (i.e., privacy concerns and trust, proficiency, and personality traits) for the effect of personalized touchpoints on CX. This research highlights, among others, the benefits of the CX structure for personalization research to systemize its findings and the need for managers to holistically understand CX responses to personalized touchpoints.

When Descriptor is Diagnosis: An Autoethnographic Response to the Medical Treatment of Women with Vulvodynia

ABSTRACT Women with chronic vulvar pain experience symptoms that can affect their everyday functioning. These women are often diagnosed with vulvodynia, defined as vulvar pain without a medical explanation lasting at least three months. Yet while vulvodynia is presented by medical authorities as a diagnosis it is, more accurately, a descriptor of the physical condition. As such it does not have the ability to explain what causes this vulvar pain and, consequently, cannot determine an appropriate treatment pathway for all patients. As women with vulvodynia (‘V women’), we use this article to highlight the issues posed by a descriptor camouflaging as a diagnosis, including the harm it can cause. Using literature in the field and autoethnographic vignettes, our article unravels the effects of receiving this diagnosis from disappointment at what it offers women like us in explanatory terms to how it pressures us to live up to ideas of the ideal heteronormative patient (and woman). While we use our experiences to speak to how medical descriptors can be used, through diagnosis, to undermine and damage women’s bodies and voices, we also reveal possible paths for resistance through personal research, autoethnography and encouragement of the voices and agency of other ‘V women’.

Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov and the Russian National Research School of Agrochemistry

The paper emphasizes the pivotal role played by Academician Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov in the history of domestic agriculture development. His name is indelibly associated with the introduction of the agriculture chemicalization concept in 1924. Being a follower of such scientists as J.B. Boussingault, D.I. Mendeleev, and K.A. Timiryazev, Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov not only proposed the chemicalization principle but also formed a comprehensive research program for its implementation. Moreover, he created necessary educational conditions for specialists and courageously defended his doctrine against the criticism of his opponents in the 1930-1950s. (Research purpose) The paper aims to analyze the scientific heritage and biography of Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov in the context of the domestic agriculture chemicalization. (Materials and methods) The analysis relies on scrutinizing scientific monographs, legal documents, and other publications utilizing biographical, chronological, genetic and typological methods of historical and scientific research. ( ) The findings show that Pryanishnikov’s significance in the history of science stems from both his personal research achievements and his foundational role in establishing the domestic tradition of agrochemistry. This influence was evident in his organizational and pedagogical performance. The study identifies two distinct generations of direct students and followers of this eminent agricultural chemist. (Conclusions) Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov elevated agrochemistry in our country to a systematic discipline, rightfully earning recognition as the founder of the national scientific school. Contemporary researchers, who maintain academic and ideological continuity with him, persist in advancing scientific efforts to support the chemicalization of agriculture. In doing so, they make significant contributions to the nation’s food security and enhance fundamental knowledge about living organisms.

Abstract 3531: PRESSNET: Patient stratification and biomarker discovery using multi-modal knowledge graph framework

Abstract Background: Multiomics data is critical to obtain a near comprehensive picture of disease progression and drug response. In addition, the generation of response and survival biomarkers, and the segmentation of patients into subtypes with distinct, actionable ‘omic signatures and survival trajectories, is vital for personalised medicine research and successful trial design. However, as the volume and diversity of data increases, so too does the challenge of effective multiomic data integration. Knowledge graphs (KGs) can capture heterogeneous data and relationships between entities in a flexible and scalable data structure, making them suitable for this domain. We have developed PRESSnet, a framework for building Patient KGs and analysing clinical data for novel patient stratification hypotheses and clinical biomarker discovery. Methods: PRESSnet is an end-to-end framework that turns raw patient data into graph-derived insights. Firstly, the user chooses which modality files to include, what assumptions to make about data processing, and which graph algorithms to use. PRESSnet then automatedly creates a patient KG of the input data, where nodes represent patients and their associated features. In addition, biomedical prior knowledge, for example in the form of gene-pathway or gene-gene relationship data, is also integrated with the graphs. Insights are generated from the KG via community detection, graph embedding generation, and graph neural networks; these generate hypotheses for novel patient subtypes or biomarkers for clinical outcomes. As graph algorithms capture interrelationships between nodes, PRESSnet offers biomarkers that are composite, i.e. that can contain features from multiple ‘omics and clinical features. Results: We applied PRESSnet to the MSK 20221 cohort of IO-treated LUAD patients, and it uncovered prognostic composite biomarkers that stratified biomarker-positive patients from the whole cohort with a p value < 0.001 (95% CI) for OS, including known markers of poor prognosis such as STK11, RBM10, KRAS and KEAP1 mutations, and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. We also generated embeddings of patients in the cohort and predicted survived/deceased status with an AUC of 0.82, outperforming published state-of-the-art. Conclusions: We have successfully developed a generalisable framework for generating insights from patient data using state-of-the art knowledge graph data science. PRESSnet can generate novel stratification and biomarker hypotheses that can potentially inform the next generation of IO targets and clinical biomarkers. Footnotes1 Vanguri et al., “Multimodal integration of radiology, pathology and genomics for prediction of response to PD-(L)1 blockade in patients with non-small cell lung cancer”, Nat Cancer. 2022 Citation Format: Krishna C. Bulusu, Jake Cohen-Setton, Ioannis Kagiampakis, Miguel Goncalves, Gavin Edwards, Sanddhya Jayabalan, Shruti Shikare, Kelvin Tsang, Ben Sidders, Etai Jacob. PRESSNET: Patient stratification and biomarker discovery using multi-modal knowledge graph framework [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3531.

The study of the professional activity of pharmacy specialists in modern conditions

Aim. To study the peculiarities of the professional activity of pharmacists in dispensing medicines and other pharmacy products in modern conditions, characterized by a high level of risks and uncertainties. Materials and methods. Materials and methods are based on the use of statistical, scientific and monographic materials and the results of our personal research. Scientific methods of analysis, abstract and logical, comparison, surveys, and sociological (questionnaires) methods using Google forms were applied. A total of 194 рharmacy specialists (PhS) took part in the survey. The results were processed using modern Microsoft Excel software products. Results and discussion. The general requirements for the organization of the pharmacist’s workplace for dispensing medicines have been determined. Important professional and business qualities of the personality of PhS (14 in total) have been identified, among which the first place is occupied by the presence of pharmaceutical education, the conditions for successful professional activity (20 directions), a list of individual practical actions that PhS perform most often (13 actions). The necessary practical skills that PhS should possess in today’s conditions (10 skills) have been identified. The features of pharmacy visitors and their requests during communication with PhS have been studied. Possible options for communication between them and professional response of PhS from the point of view of professional ethics and deontology, respectful attitude to visitors under any conditions have been clarified. The peculiarities of communication between PhS and other healthcare specialists, including doctors, and colleagues in the pharmacy team have been determined. Conclusions. The results of the survey made it possible to determine the peculiarities of the professional activity of PhS in modern conditions. The correct assessment and rational use of human resources can have a positive impact on the economic performance of the pharmacy, pharmaceutical supply of the population, medical military and civilian institutions in today’s conditions under the influence of crisis phenomena.

Personality traits and personality problems in Korsakoff syndrome patients

ABSTRACT Personality research is of relevance because it provides insights into the psychological strengths and vulnerabilities of a person. Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder following acute thiamine deficiency, usually as a consequence of alcohol-use disorders. Research on personality traits of KS patients is currently limited. The aim of the current exploratory study was therefore to examine the personality traits and problems of KS patients. We assessed self-reported and informant-reported personality traits and problems in institutionalized KS patients (n = 30). Results indicate that the psychotic personality organization was more frequently present in KS patients compared to a psychiatric reference population, leading to increased vulnerability for the development of severe psychiatric issues. Informants observed more premorbid and current cluster B (“emotional”) and C (“anxious”) personality behavior in comparison to the general population. Also, rigid- and socially avoidant behavior in KS patients was observed to increase over the years. They also observed personality problems such as emotional-, unpredictable-, dramatic-, anxious and fearful behavior in the present and in the past. KS patients reported themselves as healthy individuals, indicating a lack of self-awareness. We recommend training programs for the medical team focussed on psycho-education and supportive interventions for patients with complex personality problems concomitant to KS.

Vilniaus krašto lietuvių jaunimo laisvalaikio atvejis (1920–1939): spaudos publikacijų ir etnografinių lauko tyrimų dermė

In this article, using publications from the Jaunimo draugas magazine published in Vilnius and personal field research material, I seek to compare ethnographic material collected during field research and published ethnographic material and how these harmonise to reveal the particularities of youth leisure time in the historic Vilnius Region (1920–1939). After conducting a comparative analysis, it could be concluded that press publications cannot reveal all forms of youth leisure time, however, they do convey a strict diachronic perspective when identifying the modernisation of leisure time, which often omits the regional differences of this phenomenon. Having carried out this research, one can conclude that press publications can be important to ethnologists beyond just serving as an additional source that expands the limits of perception of field research data.

Reconsidering normative interpretations in personality research

A vast body of knowledge on development and correlates of personality dimensions has led to recommendations on policy implications and interventions. However, we argue that there has not been enough attention to the socio-cultural contexts of personality development, resulting in incomplete and potentially harmful interpretations of the data. Although personality theorists have addressed the role of socio-cultural context by pointing to person–environment interactions and transactions, we argue that the implementation of contextualism is largely missing at a more fundamental level: In the operationalization of constructs and interpretations of individuals’ standings on those constructs. The focus of this article is on the maturity principle of personality development. We discuss problems that may arise when relying on constructs developed in a specific group (i.e., primarily upper-middle class individuals in the United States) and then using value-laden labels such as “mature” and “healthy” to suggest that one personality profile is better than another. We aim to motivate researchers to not only reflect on using labels suggesting that certain profiles or changes in personality are universally desirable or undesirable, especially without attention to diversity in methods and samples, but also to understand how our values inform how we conduct and communicate our science.

Can Forced-Choice Response Format Reduce Faking of Socially Aversive Personality Traits?

Self-report assessments are the standard for personality measurement, but motivated respondents are able to manipulate or fake their responses to typical Likert scale self-report. Although progress has been made in research seeking to reduce faking, most of it has focused on normative personality traits such as those measured by the five factor model. The measurement of socially aversive personality (e.g., the Dark Triad) is less well-researched. The negative aspects of socially aversive traits increase the opportunity and motivation of respondents to fake typical single-stimulus self-report assessments underscoring the need for faking resistant response formats. A possible way to reduce faking that has been explored in basic personality research is the use of the forced-choice response format. This study applied this method to socially aversive traits and illustrated best practices to create new multidimensional forced-choice and single-stimulus measures of socially aversive personality traits. Results indicated that participants were able to artificially alter their scores when asked to respond like an ideal job applicant, and counter to expectations, the forced-choice format did not decrease faking. Our results indicate that even when best practices are followed, forced-choice format is not a panacea for respondent faking.

A Web Portal for Tracking and Finding Missing Person Using Aadhaar Enabled Biometrics

The Aadhaar-Enabled Biometric Web Portal for Finding Missing Persons research aims to address the critical issue of locating missing individuals by leveraging Aadhaar-enabled biometric data. With the widespread adoption of Aadhaar cards in India, this research uses the unique biometric information linked to Aadhaar cards to create a web portal. Through this portal, users can input relevant biometric data, such as fingerprints or iris scans, which are then compared with the Aadhaar database. The system utilizes advanced biometric matching algorithms to accurately identify potential matches, thereby aiding law enforcement agencies and concerned individuals in locating missing persons efficiently. By integrating Aadhaar-enabled biometrics into a user-friendly web interface, this research facilitates swift and accurate identification, offering a valuable tool in the effort to reunite missing individuals with their families and loved ones.

An attempt to cheat using GPT-4: findings, discussion and recommendations for academic staff and students

This manuscript explores the use and detection of ChatGPT artificial intelligence (AI) content, in the academic setting. The study involves faculty and student partnership at a Higher Education Provider (HEP), examining the implications of the chatbot's use in academic writing and its potential impact on educational practice.
 We employ a dialogical approach in this Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) study, mirroring the ChatGPT conversational style. A former student uses ChatGPT-4 to rewrite an essay, and the generated content is evaluated by free-to-use AI checking tools, Turnitin, and the module tutor.
 Our findings illustrate that while ChatGPT-4 could generate a passable assignment, it lacks depth, criticality, and contextualisation. Further, AI checking tools, while useful, exhibit limitations. However, the generated content could serve as a starting point for students, suggesting a possible shift in the educational paradigm with AI's integration.
 The manuscript also underscores the importance of understanding and navigating AI responsibly, calling for clear guidelines for AI use and improved methods of detecting AI generated content. While AI has emerged as an efficient tool for generating academic content, our study highlights the necessity of human-centric learning and critical thinking skills in academia, emphasising that AI should not replace personal research. We also discuss potential changes to assessment methods in response to AI advancements, recommending strategies for both academic staff and students.
 Our findings have implications for educational institutions worldwide as AI tools become increasingly accessible, raising questions about academic integrity, pedagogical strategies, and the evolving relationship between technology and education.