Personality Research Research Articles

“You Did It to Yourself”: An Exploratory Study of Myths About Gender-Based Technology-Facilitated Violence and Abuse Among Men

Gender-based technology-facilitated violence and abuse (GBTFVA) is a common experience for those engaging with digital technologies in their everyday lives. To better understand why GBTFVA persists, it is necessary to understand the false beliefs and cultural narratives that enable and sustain them. Drawing on the literature on rape myths, this paper explores the prevalence of seven gender-based online violence myths among Canadian men. To achieve this, we adapted the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (IRMA) (Payne et al., in J Research in Personality 33:27–68, 1999) to assess GBTFVA, and surveyed 1,297 Canadian men between 18 and 30 years old on their GBTFVA beliefs. Our results show that GBTFVA myths and cultural narratives are prevalent across participants, though endorsement levels vary. Four myths were more strongly endorsed: It Wasn’t Really Gender-Based Online Abuse, He Didn’t Mean To, Gender-Based Online Abuse Is a Deviant Event, and She Lied. Overall, these findings help to name and thus begin to address the narratives that sustain and perpetuate gender-based online violence.

The door opens inward: meeting Linda Tuhiwai Smith

PurposeThis article demonstrates the reach of Tuhiwai Smith’s ideas across Pacific research. It discusses the theoretical and practical influence of her seminal work Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples through “holographic epistemology”, an indigenous way of viewing knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a talanoa (Pacific-style relational conversation) to explore Tuhiwai Smith’s legacy for Pacific Islander researchers and research. The talanoa between two academics at different career stages draws upon personal and professional research experiences and peer-reviewed published sources to explore the expansive and enduring legacy of Tuhiwai Smith’s life and ideas.FindingsDecolonizing Methodologies has helped Pacific Islander researchers flourish, and Pacific Island research approaches gain legitimacy in higher education. Its epistemological influence can be seen in research which utilises knowledge of body, mind and spirit – holographic epistemology – and in indigenous innovations to qualitative research.Originality/valueThis article has value for those seeking to understand the epistemological underpinnings of indigenous approaches to research. It has originality in its presentation as a talanoa between two researchers who have found affirmation and academic freedom with Tuhiwai Smith’s ideas. It is also original in offering a Pacific perspective from a Hawaiian and a Samoan academic about the immense koha (gift) they have received from a Maori tuahine (sister).

Value of Engagement in Digital Health Technology Research: Evidence Across 6 Unique Cohort Studies.

Wearable digital health technologies and mobile apps (personal digital health technologies [DHTs]) hold great promise for transforming health research and care. However, engagement in personal DHT research is poor. The objective of this paper is to describe how participant engagement techniques and different study designs affect participant adherence, retention, and overall engagement in research involving personal DHTs. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of engagement factors are reported across 6 unique personal DHT research studies that adopted aspects of a participant-centric design. Study populations included (1) frontline health care workers; (2) a conception, pregnant, and postpartum population; (3) individuals with Crohn disease; (4) individuals with pancreatic cancer; (5) individuals with central nervous system tumors; and (6) families with a Li-Fraumeni syndrome affected member. All included studies involved the use of a study smartphone app that collected both daily and intermittent passive and active tasks, as well as using multiple wearable devices including smartwatches, smart rings, and smart scales. All studies included a variety of participant-centric engagement strategies centered on working with participants as co-designers and regular check-in phone calls to provide support over study participation. Overall retention, probability of staying in the study, and median adherence to study activities are reported. The median proportion of participants retained in the study across the 6 studies was 77.2% (IQR 72.6%-88%). The probability of staying in the study stayed above 80% for all studies during the first month of study participation and stayed above 50% for the entire active study period across all studies. Median adherence to study activities varied by study population. Severely ill cancer populations and postpartum mothers showed the lowest adherence to personal DHT research tasks, largely the result of physical, mental, and situational barriers. Except for the cancer and postpartum populations, median adherences for the Oura smart ring, Garmin, and Apple smartwatches were over 80% and 90%, respectively. Median adherence to the scheduled check-in calls was high across all but one cohort (50%, IQR 20%-75%: low-engagement cohort). Median adherence to study-related activities in this low-engagement cohort was lower than in all other included studies. Participant-centric engagement strategies aid in participant retention and maintain good adherence in some populations. Primary barriers to engagement were participant burden (task fatigue and inconvenience), physical, mental, and situational barriers (unable to complete tasks), and low perceived benefit (lack of understanding of the value of personal DHTs). More population-specific tailoring of personal DHT designs is needed so that these new tools can be perceived as personally valuable to the end user.

Corrigendum to “Personality research and assessment in the era of machine learning”

Corrigendum to “Personality research and assessment in the era of machine learning”

Developing writing productivity in a graduate support community

Purpose This paper aims to examine how doctoral students in education and applied linguistics fields successfully navigated graduate writing demands by participating in a support community that catalyzed writing productivity, peer mentoring and feedback. Guiding graduate students’ writing processes based on scholarly interests and providing peer support are vital to scholarly productivity and transition into academia. Design/methodology/approach Following a collaborative analytic autoethnographic case study design (Adams et al., 2022; Chang et al., 2013), the authors narrated major events that impacted their writing and publication experiences. The authors visualized their entire doctoral writing experience based on the frequency of writing events that contributed to writing productivity. In data triangulation discussions, the authors reflected on writing experiences. Findings Findings show that the support community alleviated individual struggles associated with writing a dissertation and high-quality papers. Key factors contributing to scholarly growth included nonevaluative peer support, feedback and shared academic resources. Writing within the periphery of faculty research and predominantly focusing on doctoral milestones led to individual scholarly interests being overshadowed. Without structured guidance, doctoral writers may develop initiatives to alleviate individual struggles and meet academic writing demands in the disciplines. Research limitations/implications The authors recommend including structured guidance on developing writing productivity and a personal research agenda in the early stages of the doctorate. Originality/value This study offers unique examples of how a student group supported writing productivity and socialization into the academic community. It illustrates the multifaceted nature of academic writing influenced by faculty–student relationships, peers and individual initiatives. This paper provides doctoral writers and graduate programs with examples of accomplishing academic publishing goals.

RE‐ORIENTING LEADERSHIP COACHING FOR SUSTAINABLE EFFECTIVENESS

AbstractThe authors note that their “personal experience, client conversations, and research has led us to identify and highlight two critical issues where we see organizations consistently making serious errors that hold back the development of their leaders, waste money, and restrict the potential for longer term and sustainable effectiveness.” They note that organizations spend a considerable amount of money on outside coaching, yet this may not always be beneficial or cost‐effective for those organizations: “The first step,” they write, “is to understand when “a coach” can and can’t help. The second is to understand the difference between “a coach” (in other words a professional coach, or someone following such an approach) and leaders‐who‐coach. As a result, organizations can make the most of their coaching dollars, and their people.” They further clarify that “to determine when to use a professional coach, we use a simple question to address whether such coaching is a worthwhile endeavor: Does the executive need to develop and challenge themselves or do they need tools to function within their organization?” They conclude that solutions involve “creating leaders‐who‐coach who, as a result, will gradually enable a change in the underlying systemic issues.”

Navigating the Role of Mobile Audiology in Public Health: Overcoming Hearing Health Care Barriers That Impact the Underserved

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical focus article is to convey the significant role that mobile audiology could have in the public health space and discuss how mobile audiology can overcome obstacles that hinder access to traditional audiological care. This article also introduces strategies for delivering innovative audiological care. Method: The article is drawn from the authors' personal research, business, and clinical experiences. It describes the variations in mobile audiology that could aid in improving health care outcomes, identifying underserved areas, identifying barriers, implementing innovative solutions to overcome barriers, limitations of mobile audiology, and implications for optimized hearing health care. Conclusions: Mobile audiology services may play a vital role in public health programs and initiatives by bringing hearing health care to underserved communities, promoting accessibility, and addressing hearing health care concerns that disproportionately impact vulnerable populations. Mobile audiology services extend beyond the conventional concept of service delivery and can reduce barriers that prevent access to hearing health care, such as lack of transportation, geographical conditions/distance, time, lack of insurance coverage for evaluation/treatment, lack of qualified hearing health professionals, and financial constraints. Various services can be offered through mobile audiology, such as comprehensive screenings, diagnostic evaluations, and rehabilitation services/interventions. Mobile audiology services provide patients with the intervention necessary to improve communication abilities, quality of life, and overall health care outcomes.

Individual Differences in Self-Enhancement in Terms of One’s Personality Traits: Relationships with Ruminations and Regulatory Focus

While personality researchers have shown interest in studying self-enhancement, they have not extensively focused on its relationships with distinct cognitive and motivational variables. This exploratory study aims to investigate whether overestimating one’s personality traits is related to a lower level of ruminations, a higher promotion regulatory focus, and a lower prevention focus. Promotion regulatory focus involves self-regulation based on one’s striving for an ideal-self, as opposed to an ought-self, which is typical of a prevention regulatory focus. Self-enhancement occurs when the level of self-rated personality traits exceeds that of informant-rated personality traits. The Five-Factor personality traits were considered: emotional stability, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Certain hypotheses found empirical support. Self-enhancement in different traits were linked to different cognitive and motivational variables. Primarily, an overly positive self-view of one’s emotional stability was accompanied by a lower level of intrusive rumination, a higher level of promotion focus, and a lower prevention focus. The self-enhancement in extraversion was related to a higher level of promotion focus and a lower level of intrusive ruminations while self-enhancement in conscientiousness was linked to a higher promotion focus. Methodological issues and hypothesis formulation were further discussed.

Exploring the Inherent Heterogeneity of Vaccine Hesitancy: A Study of a Childhood-Vaccine-Hesitant Population.

Vaccine hesitancy and its determinants have been previously widely researched. Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as a continuum of attitudes, ranging from accepting vaccines with doubts to rejecting them. The present study aims to explore the heterogeneity of a childhood-vaccine-hesitant group by using a person-oriented approach-latent profile analysis. A non-representative cross-sectional sample of vaccine-hesitant Slovenians (N = 421, Mage = 35.21, 82.9% women) was used to identify differences based on their reliance on personal research ("self" researching instead of relying on science), overconfidence in knowledge, endorsement of conspiracy theories, complementary and alternative medicine, and trust in the healthcare system. The analysis revealed three profiles of vaccine-hesitant individuals. The most hesitant profile-vaccine rejecting-expressed the greatest reliance on personal research, expressed the highest endorsement of conspiracy theories and complementary and alternative medicine, showed moderate overconfidence in their knowledge, and expressed the highest levels of distrust in the healthcare system. We further found differences in sociodemographic structure and that the identified profiles differed in their attitudes regarding MMR, HPV, and Seasonal Influenza vaccinations. The present study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the vaccine-hesitant community and offers insights into some of the traits, which are crucial for designing pro-vaccine campaigns.

Next-generation sequencing technology in cancer

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized cancer research and treatment by enabling comprehensive analysis of genetic mutations, alterations, and expression profiles. It allows for the identification of cancer-driving mutations, helping in the development of targeted therapies. NGS provides detailed insights into tumor heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, and clonal evolution. Its high-throughput capacity facilitates large-scale studies, improving our understanding of cancer genomics. By enabling personalized treatment plans based on individual genetic profiles, NGS holds promise for more effective and tailored cancer therapies. Early reviews on cancer genomics often lacked comprehensive coverage of emerging technologies. They missed in-depth analysis of NGS advancements, their impact on cancer research, and clinical applications. The review addresses this gap by reviving a thorough examination of NGS methods, their role in identifying genetic mutations, and their potential in personalized cancer treatment, thus providing essential insights into the evolving landscape of cancer genomics. The article covers the advancements in technology and bioinformatic approaches for NGS data analysis. It delves into NGS applications in research and diagnostics, particularly for solid cancer diagnosis. The review highlights specific cancer types, including hereditary breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. It explores NGS contribution in understanding the genetic basis of these cancers and its potential for enhancing personalized diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review rectifies early lacunas by providing a comprehensive and updated examination of NGS technology, addressing gaps in previous analyses and emphasizes bioinformatic approaches for NGS data analysis, crucial for interpreting vast genomic data accurately. The review meets the current need for a thorough understanding of NGS’s role in personalized cancer treatment and research.

Identifying personality traits and behavioural syndromes in a threatened freshwater fish (Nannoperca vittata) through comparative analysis with a model species (Poecilia reticulata): Implications for conservation

AbstractAnimal personalities are differences in behaviour among individuals of the same species that are consistent over time and contexts. The integration of animal personality into conservation actions is hampered by limited understanding of personality traits in non‐model organisms. We estimated repeatabilities and correlations between behaviours in Nannoperca vittata (western pygmy perch), a threatened freshwater fish species endemic to south‐western Australia, and, for comparative purposes, in Poecilia reticulata (guppy), a species frequently used in personality research. Each fish was measured four times for each of seven behavioural variables, presumed to reflect five underlying personality traits. Track length (TL) was used as a measure of activity; time spent in a risky zone (RZ) and time to emergence (ET) for boldness; latency to approach a novel object (LA) and time spent close to the object (TS) for exploration; time spent close to a mirror (CV) for sociability and number of attacks at the mirror (AT) for aggression. Four behavioural variables (TL, RZ, ET and CV) were significantly repeatable in N. vittata and also in P. reticulata. There was a lack of concordance in phenotypic and among‐individual correlations between variables in both species, emphasising the importance of partitioning trait covariances to infer behavioural syndromes. Significant among‐individual correlations were found between activity, boldness and sociability variables in N. vittata, consistent with a proactive‐reactive personality axis, but not in P. reticulata. Personality variation should be considered in conservation actions for N. vittata, particularly with respect to unintended consequences of domestication selection in captive breeding and release.

About two new families of acanthodian fishes (Acanthodii)

The article presents some information on two new families of Ptychodictyidae fam. nov. and Nostolepidae fam. nov. that were established on the basis of the author’s personal research and the available literature data. Their main diagnostic features, generic composition, number of species, comparison, stratigraphic and geographical distribution are given. The obtained data supplement the taxonomy of the Palaeozoic acanthodian fishes.

Developing evidence-based medication therapy management tools for psychiatric nurses: An evaluative qualitative case study.

Clinical use of psychotropic medications involves diverse risks, addressable by nursing interventions. The research had a dual purpose: developing an "Evidence-Based Medication Therapy Management Guideline" and a "Medication Administration-Tracking Chart" and evaluating their use through an evaluative case study. Evidence-based guideline and chart development and evaluative case study. Initially, Evidence-Based Medication Therapy Management Guideline and Medication Administration Tracking Chart for managing medication in a psychiatric unit were developed. Subsequently, their efficacy was evaluated in a case study involving 10 participating nurses used in the psychiatric unit with 123-bed of a training and research hospital in Turkey. Data was collected through personal forms, interviews, medication charts, and researcher observations, and the analysis employed Merriam's case study method. Three themes (inception, implementation, termination, and sustainers) and 12 sub-themes emerged. Nurses stated that the research tools filled their information gaps, enhancing the medication therapy management process's effectiveness and safety, improving nursing care quality and continuity, and benefiting patient outcomes. Nurses expressed a desire to consistently use the tools in the unit and provided suggestions. Nurses highlighted the tools' potential to enhance medication safety, psychiatric care, and patient outcomes. However, their stance on using evidence-based tools revealed an approach/avoidance conflict, balancing benefits and barriers. Experience emerged as a hindrance in embracing evidence-based clinical tools. This study is among the first to comprehensively develop evidence-based medication management guideline and administration-tracking chart for psychiatric nurses globally and in our country. Routine use of the tools is expected to enhance nurses' expertise in psychotropic medication management, leading to improved patient outcomes in medication-related aspects.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN THE WORK “DIWAN LUGAT AT-TURK” BY MAKHMUD KASHGARI. ASPECTS OF INTERRELATION OF DIFFERENT SCIENCES

This article is written about the specific features of “Diwan lugat at-turk” written by great Turkic writer Mahmud Kashgari and provides detailed information about the main content and main idea of the work. For each idea, the article provides an example from the work itself. Then, factual information about the interaction of the work with other sciences beside linguistics are given and the presented ideas are justified with the speeches of great scientists and examples from the work. Tables created based on personal research are presented at the end of the article.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure in Oncology: Preliminary Insights From the Global ONCOTRUST-1 Cross-Sectional Study.

Conflicts of interest (COIs) between oncologists and industry might considerably influence how the presentation of the research results is delivered, ultimately affecting clinical decisions and policy-making. Although there are many regulations on reporting COI in high-income countries (HICs), little is known about their reporting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Oncology Transparency Under Scrutiny and Tracking (ONCOTRUST-1) is a pilot global survey to explore the knowledge and perceptions of oncologists regarding COI. We designed an online 27-question-based survey in the English language to explore the perceptions and knowledge of oncologists regarding COI, with an emphasis on LMICs. Descriptive statistics and the Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies guidelines were used to report the findings. ONCOTRUST-1 surveyed 200 oncologists, 70.9% of them practicing in LMICs. Median age of the respondents was 36 (range, 26-84) years; 47.5% of them were women. Of the respondents, 40.5% reported weekly visits by pharmaceutical representatives to their institutions. Regarding oncologists' perceptions of COI that require disclosure, direct financial benefits, such as honoraria, ranked highest (58.5%), followed by gifts from pharmaceutical representatives (50%) and travel grants for attending conferences (44.5%). By contrast, personal or institutional research funding, sample drugs, consulting or advisory board, expert testimony, and food and beverage funded by pharmaceutical industry were less frequently considered as COI. Moreover, only 24% of surveyed oncologists could correctly categorize all situations representing a COI. These findings underscore the importance of clear guidelines, education, and transparency in reporting COI in oncology. This hypothesis-generating pilot survey provided the rationale for ONCOTRUST-2 study, which will compare perceptions of COI among oncologists in LMICs and HICs.

Необходим ли системный подход для социогуманитарных исследований?

There are two points of view on the systemic approach and its use: according to the first, this approach is conceived as universal, suitable for any disciplines and practices, according to the second, it includes a specific objectivity, should grasp the features of a certain field of knowledge. In order to choose one of them, the author analyzes on the basis of two cases (“The Critique of Pure Reason” by I. Kant and the works of G.P. Shchedrovitsky) the formation and features of the systemic approach, showing that it is the design of an object of study in a special epistemic situation. Its feature is, on the one hand, the presence of several objects that describe the proposed object, on the other hand, the belief in the existence of an ontology and laws in accordance with which this object can be designed. The systemic approach in this version (as the configuration of various objects and the design of an object based on this process) is compared with humanitarian and socio-humanitarian research and development (A.S. Pushkin’s personality research and the successful Donor project), which make it possible to do without systemic ideas and thinking. They are replaced by methodology and research in the subject. The author draws attention to the fact that the ideas of identifying and searching for the integrity, nature and boundaries of the phenomenon under consideration, taking into account connections and influences, the correlation of synthesis and analysis, and a number of others that are today referred to as a systemic approach, were developed meaningfully (in other non-systemic concepts and languages) throughout the entire history of the development of philosophy, methodology and science. As a result, it turns out that it is necessary to distinguish between the methodology of a systemic approach and other methodologies that allow systemic problems and tasks to be solved, so to speak, non-systemically.

Nanoplasmonic Single-Tumoroid Microarray for Real-Time Secretion Analysis.

Organoid tumor models have emerged as a powerful tool in the fields of biology and medicine as such 3D structures grown from tumor cells recapitulate better tumor characteristics, making these tumoroids unique for personalized cancer research. Assessment of their functional behavior, particularly protein secretion, is of significant importance to provide comprehensive insights. Here, a label-free spectroscopic imaging platform is presented with advanced integrated optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor that enables real-time secretion analysis from single tumoroids. A novel two-layer microwell design isolates tumoroids, preventing signal interference, and the microarray configuration allows concurrent analysis of multiple tumoroids. The dual imaging capability combining time-lapse plasmonic spectroscopy and bright-field microscopy facilitates simultaneous observation of secretion dynamics, motility, and morphology. The integrated biosensor is demonstrated with colorectal tumoroids derived from both cell lines and patient samples to investigate their vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) secretion, growth, and movement under various conditions, including normoxia, hypoxia, and drug treatment. This platform, by offering a label-free approach with nanophotonics to monitor tumoroids, can pave the way for new applications in fundamental biological studies, drug screening, and the development of therapies.

Transparency and Accountability in Nigeria's Public Sector: Local Government Fiscal Autonomy in Focus

The study examines how local government fiscal autonomy can promote transparency and accountability in Nigeria’s public sector. Personal interview and survey research methods were adopted in the study and structured questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 132 local council administrators comprising Treasurers, Heads of Accounts, Budgets and Audit of the local government councils in the eleven states in the South-South and South-East Nigeria. A semi-structured interview was employed to guide the interview section. The study finds that there is a semblance of accountability in the management of local government council funds, but the transparency of the local councils is in doubt because fiscal information is not readily available. Most of the local councils do not have a functional website. A major limitation of this study is the unwillingness of respondents to divulge information on local council funds. To overcome this challenge, the research instrument was designed to make respondents give an estimate of the amount received. The study result shows that the fiscal autonomy of local councils is important for the development of the country and reinforces the need to grant local government councils fiscal autonomy to ensure effective development and bring governance closer to the people. The study findings show that granting autonomy to local councils in Nigeria will enhance the council area's development for the citizens' overall benefit. Based on the findings, the study recommends that federal and state governments in Nigeria should rethink the fiscal autonomy of local government councils and take necessary steps to restore the fiscal autonomy of the third tier of government to address the problems of developmental deficits ravaging the nation.

The Market of True Matters: A Novel Approach for Taking Stock of Personal Values

The field of personal visualization has seen significant advancements, driven by increased personal data and interest in self-improvement. While traditional personal visualization tools focus on behavior tracking, this paper explores an innovative approach to visualizing personal values aligned with users' professional mental models. We present the development of a tool that uses the stock market metaphor to represent individual values, leveraging the business backgrounds of the co-authors. Data collected over a year tracked four values: wisdom, security, curiosity, and love. These values were visualized as stocks, reflecting their daily fluctuations and overall trends. Our work demonstrates that aligning personal visualization tools with a familiar metaphor enhances user engagement and personal development, suggesting new directions for personal visualization research and for one’s approach to life.

Examining the construct validity of the MIDUS version of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)

The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) measures a wide range of personality traits associated with affect and temperament. However, the lengthy administration time may have hindered its widespread use in personality research. The National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) has adapted a short version of the MPQ that consists of only 35 items. However, the psychometric properties of this abbreviated version have not been thoroughly examined beyond what is presented in the survey’s documentation. This study aimed to investigate the construct validity of the MPQ-35 at both the item and scale levels using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), measurement invariance by gender and age, and external correlates with several personality and psychological constructs. The results show that the MPQ-35 exhibits promising properties, performing well and accurately recapturing the original MPQ structure, with ten lower-order traits and three higher-order broad factors.