Peripheral Neighborhoods Research Articles

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION FOR YOUNG ADULTS: A PEDAGOGICAL RESIDENCY EXPERIENCE

The present article aims to relate the teaching of a foreign language in a public adult school. For doing so, we analyze both the educational documents and the teaching practice of students from a peripheral neighborhood public school, in the city of Araguaína-To. When focusing the school curriculum, the public of students enrolled is often identified as an economically vulnerable audience. Even with all difficulties faced from these students to acquire their High School certificates, we can say that throughout the term, the need to use a foreign language in the job market was developed by these students; they could see that learning can be a possibility of access to the world.

Influências no processo de formação do tecido urbano nos bairros pericentrais de Maputo

A história urbana da cidade de Maputo é marcada por transformações socioeconómicas, políticas e culturais que se reflectem nos processos de produção do tecido urbano. Identificam-se períodos contextuais que determinam estes processos urbanos ao longo da história da cidade e apresenta-se aqui as diferentes ocorrências e os contornos de influência que os marcaram. A cidade de Maputo desenvolveu-se dualizada, contendo em si duas cidade distintas – a cidade “cimento”, dita urbanizada, e a cidade “caniço”, periférica e composta por áreas consideradas autoproduzidas. O tecido urbano sofreu diversas intervenções, enquadradas por planos urbanísticos e políticas urbanas, através de iniciativas públicas e privadas que influenciaram a variedade de tipologias de malha encontradas nos bairros periféricos à cidade.Propõe-se analisar três bairros pericentrais, que apesar de similares pelo seu desenvolvimento na cintura periférica do centro urbanizado da cidade, pelas altas densidades populacionais e habitacionais e pela predominância da autoconstrução, possuem tecidos urbanos distintos: o bairro de Chamanculo C, o bairro da Polana Caniço A e o bairro de Maxaquene A. Através de uma análise diacrónica e sincrónica, e atendendo às diferenças urbanas mencionadas, pretende-se compreender que factores ao longo da história destes bairros influenciaram e determinaram os diferentes processos de produção do tecido urbano.

Práticas de autocuidado das gestantes adolescentes: revisão de literatura

Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, a gravidez na adolescência é avaliada como um problema de saúde pública, considerada como um fator de alto risco estando relacionado a complicações biológicas e sociais em condições maternas e fetais. O autocuidado fornece o reconhecimento necessário que a adolescente precisa para se envolver de forma ativa no processo da gestação. Este artigo tem como objetivo Identificar as práticas de autocuidado das gestantes adolescentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Nos resultados, a maioria das adolescentes referem possuir companheiro fixo (73,3%), não apresentou insatisfação corporal (82,1%), residiam em bairros periféricos, com grande número de pessoas de baixa renda e baixa escolaridade. Foi evidenciado maior autocuidado em relação ao consumo de substâncias tóxicas, como álcool e drogas, higiene, repouso e alimentação. Cuidados, como exercícios físicos, protetor solar e cuidados com as mamas, não foram considerados como prioridades pelas gestantes. A partir do estudo realizado pôde-se entender como encontram-se os cuidados das gestantes para consigo, evidenciando carências consideráveis em seu autocuidado, seja ele emocional, físico ou mental, sugerindo grandes reflexões acerca da temática.

The mosaic approach as a tool to facilitate participatory planning with children: Insights from Milan, Italy

ABSTRACT Evidence in the conventional literature points to the prospects of children as active agents in decision-making processes. This has also been emphasised in the participatory neighbourhood and city planning discourse. However, literature connecting a pronounced methodology like the 'mosaic approach' to participatory planning with children in peripheral immigrant neighbourhoods is scant. Following this, the purpose of this paper was to determine children's ability to provide relevant neighbourhood planning information. Employing a case study approach, primary data were gathered from 20 children of diverse backgrounds living in an immigrant neighbourhood in South-East Milan. The results show that children gave credence to outdoor play spaces where they meet friends and family. On the other hand, children identified the activities of some gypsies as a major dislike of their neighbourhood. Also, some of the suggested wishes and visions of children were more green areas, a swimming or splash pool, and a football field. A contribution of our analyses is a demonstration of the practicality of the mosaic approach as a conceptual and analytical lens in neighbourhood planning. Finally, we conclude the paper by emphasising the theme echoing the silent voices of children with a comprehensive sketch (mosaic) of the suggestions provided by the children.

Música sertaneja no circo-teatro

Este artigo tem por objetivo divulgar o resultado de minha pesquisa realizada no Doutorado e as reflexões de seu produto final, o texto de tese, defendido pelo Programa de Pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia em março de 2018. Dando continuidade à s proposições teórico-metodológicas, esse trabalho se apresenta também como possibilidade de ampliar as discussões cujo foco se concentra na relação entre música sertaneja e circo-teatro, sobretudo a produção artística de José Fortuna (1923-1983) em sua experiência com trupe Os Maracanãs na cena paulista de teatro circense entre os anos de 1950-1980. A fim de problematizarmos a complexidade das relações que se constrói entre música sertaneja e circo-teatro à luz de um contexto repleto de transformações socioculturais, marcado pela idealização e materialização do projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista a partir dos anos de 1950, debruçamos sobre as práticas desse artista da música sertaneja. Como sujeito que experimenta o êxodo rural e compartilha das dificuldades de famílias inteiras que deixam o campo passando a viver nos bairros periféricos das grandes cidades, compondo uma massa de trabalhadores pobres aglutinados nos bairros marginais, José Fortuna produziu um repertório que não mais dualizava campo e cidade. Pelo contrário. Fruto de seu tempo, a sua produção artística se apresentou como uma forma de reenraizamento, de conectar-se ao campo mesmo estando distante dele. Mas não só. Com ela se experimentava das novas transformações sociais, possibilitando combinações diferentes à música rural como os novos temas da vida urbana, pinçados pela linguagem artística dos melodramas teatrais encenados no palco do circo.

Multiterritorialidade no Facebook: cidadãos em busca de autonomia

Em páginas do Facebook criadas por moradores de bairros periféricos com a intenção de trocar informações hiperlocais (NUNES, 2017), os cidadãos que já compartilham uma proximidade geográfica podem criar multiterritórios de informação. Por meio do método etnográfico para internet (HINE, 2015), este artigo analisa como acontecem e quais as características dos processos de desterritorialização e reterritorialização dos sujeitos nos campos digitais. Para tal, utiliza-se o embasamento teórico de Haesbaert (2014), Santos (2006) e Lemos (2007). Conclui-se que a multiterritorialidade se dá em perfis pessoais e páginas e que os processos de reterritorialização acontecem devido à necessidade de reforçar a ideia de comunidade e de buscar a resolução de problemas sem depender do poder público.

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Dynamics of Regional Connectivity: Prospects and Challenges

Since 1950, China and Pakistan have enjoyed historic friendly relations. They helped each other during the times of need and have supported each other at various regional and international forums. Currently, they are engaged in building the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which is a component of China’s gigantic economic venture, One Belt, One Road (OBOR). Later termed as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it is a framework of regional connectivity to enhance geographical linkages and to improve roads, rail networks with frequent and free exchanges of growth while moving towards more optimal business by win-win model. The CPEC, being its flagship project, has the potential to bring incredible financial gains for the BRI countries. In this connection, the South Asian countries and the global community have mixed perception about the project. However, the CPEC is important for regional countries because it will bring socio-economic prosperity and technological advancement. The CPEC will offer China and Pakistan an opportunity to promote regional connectivity, trade growth and infrastructure development. Pakistan views the corridor not only as an infrastructure and economic development programme but a key initiative for the country’s economic prosperity. Nevertheless, China needs to expand its influence in the peripheral neighbourhood, consolidate its global presence and secure future supply routes of energy and trade goods; This will help Pakistan become one of the beneficiaries of the Chinese investment in the region.

Investigating the effect of education on man immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome preventive behaviors in vulnerable women living in peripheral neighborhoods: Applications of the health belief model.

INTRODUCTION:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pervasive disease, and its epidemic is spreading around the world. The only way to effectively fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is good-quality health. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention program on HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in vulnerable women residing in peripheral neighborhoods.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted among 200 vulnerable women, randomly selected from four community health centers in peripheral neighborhoods in 2019 in Zahedan, Iran. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, containing demographic information, HIV knowledge, and the HBM constructs. Besides, the data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in both groups. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 24) using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression.RESULTS:The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge and the HBM constructs before the educational intervention (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, this difference was significant in three time intervals (P < 0.05). Despite the effectiveness of the educational intervention in the mean scores of knowledge and the HBM constructs in the intervention group compared with the controls, the largest effect size was observed, respectively, in knowledge (d = 0.762) and perceived barriers (d = 0.612), and the smallest effect size was reported in cues to action (d = 0.421). As well, the F-statistic ratio (0.847) demonstrated that the selected demographic variables had failed to explain variations in knowledge mean scores (P = 0.497).CONCLUSION:HBM-based training interventions were positive for HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors. However, training alone does not seem to have enough effect on behavior persistence. Therefore, further research is recommended to investigate the role of predictive factors, especially social determinants of health and their relationship to different parts of the model, to take more effective measures for behavioral stability at the same time as training.

Live-work architecture: case studies on peripheral neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro

Live-work architecture: case studies on peripheral neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro

Place-Making through the Creation of Common Spaces in Lima’s Self-Built Settlements: El Ermitaño and Pampa de Cueva as Case Studies for a Regional Urbanization Strategy

Lima has become the first Peruvian megacity with more than 10 million people, resulting from the migration waves from the countryside throughout the 20th century, which have also contributed to the diverse ethnic background of today’s city. The paper analyzes two neighborhoods located in the inter-district area of Northern Lima: Pampa de Cueva and El Ermitaño as paradigmatic cases of the city’s expansion through non-formal settlements during the 1960s. They represent a relevant case study because of their complex urbanization process, the presence of pre-Hispanic heritage, their location in vulnerable hillside areas in the fringe with a protected natural landscape, and their potential for sustainable local economic development. The article traces back the consolidation process of these self-built neighborhoods or barriadas within the context of Northern Lima as a new centrality for the metropolitan area. The analysis of urban form and mobility, heritage and environmental challenges, governance, and social integration leads to a proposal for neighborhood upgrading, capacity building with participatory processes, and a vision for future local development to decentralize the traditional metropolitan centers, which can be scaled to other peripheral neighborhoods.

Experiencias de niñez en la pobreza. Una cartografía de cuidados

A partir de un análisis etnográfico de la espacialidad de niñas y niños que viven en condiciones de pobreza en un barrio periférico de La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, este artículo construye una cartografía de cuidados. Se trata de una representación que muestra la geografía barrial desde los modos concretos en que se organiza el cuidado infantil, al tiempo que permite reflexionar sobre las múltiples prácticas, actores y sentidos que, al cuidar, modelan las experiencias de niñez. Trazada desde posiciones desfavorecidas en la relación de desigualdad social, esta cartografía permite ahondar en las específicas maneras en que sociedad y Estado se atraviesan en el cuidado, así como visibilizar la participación de niñas y niños en un entramado donde ellas y ellos también cuidan.

The Patterns of Disability in the Peripheral Neighborhoods of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and the Male–Female Health‐Survival Paradox

AbstractDisability is a crucial health and social concern in sub‐Saharan Africa, where a high prevalence of disabling diseases is compounded with insufficient care provision. There is a need for detailed analysis of the disability patterns. We provide a gender‐specific picture for the population in peripheral Ouagadougou (Burkina‐Faso), based on six disability dimensions following the United Nations’ recommendations. We computed disability‐free life expectancy (LE) using the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Ouaga HDSS) (n = 1 902). Women have a longer partial LE in the 20–79 age range (+3.3 years), half of this LE being spent with a disability, versus 31% of the LE for men. Limitations in mobility, cognition, and eyesight occur in midadulthood and result in a considerable disadvantage for women in the number of years with these limitations. These findings highlight disability patterns that are detrimental to social participation and claim for better screening and care, especially for women.

Becoming Favela: Forced Resettlement and Reverse Transitions of Urban Space in Brazil

AbstractThis article examines the forced resettlement of favela residents to a new neighborhood and the life they tried to make for themselves in the new state‐built social housing. They experienced a sense of betrayal by their new neighbors and by the state; much of what they had been promised was not delivered, and in the aftermath of resettlement they were left by the state project to their own devices. In the new neighborhood, the “territorial stigma” (Wacquant 2008) of the favela lingered on, placing the newcomers at the bottom of the local social hierarchy in the impoverished periphery of the city. While battling this stigma, they were also pursuing their dreams for a better future by investing their scarce resources into the improvement of their new but poorly built homes. Their house‐building practices resemble the urban development processes of “peripheral urbanization” (Caldeira 2016), as the slow and uneven self‐built constructions encroach on the ordered state‐built housing. The gradual transition of the new urban space followed a similar development pattern as the favela where they used to live, but in a reverse order, producing an inverse transition of urban space. I treat the negligence of the state, the housing practices of the residents, and the discursive practices of labeling the social housing a favela—by the long‐term neighbors and eventually the residents themselves—as co‐constituting an urban form, lived experience, and socio‐spatial process in which the housing project becomes favela. This analysis provides new insights into the anthropological literature on urban development and illicit house‐building in peripheral neighborhoods in the Global South and the socio‐spatial dynamics of forced resettlement.

Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

Live-work Tactics in the Suburban House and their Effects on Public Spaces in the Peripheral Neighbourhoods of Rio de Janeiro

Housing production in Brazil continues, for the most part, to be tied to the mono-functional paradigm. Social housing developments, gated communities and new neighbourhoods are conceived according to modern, functional zoning logic. However, in reality, the Brazilian way of life subverts this logic where its expression produces urban spaces that don’t correspond to what is originally planned or imposed by regulation. This paper presents the outcomes of an investigation conducted on suburban houses in Rio de Janeiro, which have been informally transformed to accommodate multiple activities ranging from living areas to workspaces. Vast areas of lots generally occupied by single-family houses characterise the low-income suburbs of Rio. In these areas, the pressing need families face to increase their income, a need associated with the general lack of infrastructure — including local commerce and facilities — fosters the development of informal economies, which in turn transforms the built environment and effecting the public space. A fragment of one of these peripheral neighbourhoods is analysed in this paper through the mapping of commercial and professional activities that take place in single-family houses. The urban environment of streets in which these kinds of activities are taking place is compared with neighbouring streets in which no such activities are apparent. The investigation consists of a consideration of the social and spatial effects of informal practices occurring within the formal city. The suburban houses are analysed as privileged spaces in which the local way of life can be observed and acknowledged as being intrinsic to a specific social and economic reality. Both spatial and building solutions are thereby recognised as valuable lessons which urge practitioners to consider alternatives to the way in which housing projects and city planning have been previously defined.

A cidade começa no lugar onde você mora! Relações entre memória, identidade e território nos bairros-sede dos CEUs

O projeto Meu bairro, minha cidade: você também faz parte desta história, que resultou nas exposições inaugurais dos CEUs da primeira fase (2003-04), foi concebido no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal da Educação como um projeto de memória de bairros periféricos. Desenvolvido no contexto das comemorações dos 450 anos da fundação da cidade de São Paulo (1554- 2004) o projeto cumpria um duplo objetivo: evidenciar as conexões entre a história local e história mais ampla da cidade, visando a inclusão das memórias locais ao currículo escolar da rede municipal de ensino; e favorecer a apropriação positiva do novo espaço escolar pela população do seu entorno, então, reconhecida como agente construtor da cidade. Para enfatizar tais objetivos, optou-se pela inversão do eixo narrativo da história da cidade, do centro para a periferia, segundo a premissa que “a cidade começa no lugar onde você mora”. Tal operação discursiva foi fundamentada em depoimentos dos moradores, que ora constituem o fio condutor do presente artigo, no sentido de abordar as conexões entre memória, identidade e território, bem como a definição de referenciais de memória, a partir de uma perspectiva distinta daquelas que orientam as políticas de patrimonialização.

Estimating the Impacts of Capital Bikeshare on Metrorail Ridership in the Washington Metropolitan Area

Bikeshare programs have transformed the urban transportation landscape. However, their impacts on rail transit have not been fully examined. Some researchers find shared bikes help reduce the first-mile/last-mile gaps and boost rail transit ridership, although others see bikeshare as a competitor for riders. Previous studies have mostly relied on surveys of bikeshare program users as the data source, and few have addressed this question using more rigorous methods. In this paper, the authors take the Washington metropolitan area as an example and use statistical methods to quantify the impact of the bikeshare program on rail transit ridership. Using detailed ridership data between 2010 and 2015, they break down Metrorail ridership by type (entries vs. exits) and time of the day (AM peak vs. PM peak) to analyze how Capital Bikeshare (CaBi) interacts with Metrorail. Furthermore, Metrorail stations are categorized into core stations and peripheral stations to examine the impacts of CaBi in different built environments. Regression results show that the impacts of CaBi vary by Metrorail station location. For core Metrorail stations, CaBi docking stations within ¼-mile of a Metrorail station reduce rail ridership in all measures. In particular, CaBi would reduce the number of AM-peak exits by 4,738 per station per month. However, CaBi complements Metrorail in peripheral neighborhoods. Having CaBi installed nearby would increase monthly Metrorail ridership by 1,175 AM-peak exits, 1,417 PM-peak entries, 2,284 AM-peak entries, and 2,422 PM-peak exits. Based on the findings, the authors suggest a collaboration between Metrorail and CaBi to add more bikeshare stations within ¼-mile of peripheral Metrorail stations to increase the ridership of both systems.

Comparative Associations of Street Network Design, Streetscape Attributes and Land-Use Characteristics on Pedestrian Flows in Peripheral Neighbourhoods.

Research has sufficiently documented the built environment correlates of walking. However, evidence is limited in investigating the comparative associations of micro- (streetscape features) and macro-level (street network design and land-use) environmental measures with pedestrian movement. This study explores the relative association of street-level design-local qualities of street environment-, street network configuration –spatial structure of the urban grid- and land-use patterns with the distribution of pedestrian flows in peripheral neighbourhoods. Street design attributes and ground-floor land-uses are obtained through field surveys while street network configuration is evaluated through space syntax measures. The statistical models indicate that the overall spatial configuration of street network proves to be a stronger correlate of walking than local street-level attributes while only average sidewalk width appears to be a significant correlate of walking among the streetscape measures. However, the most significant and consistent correlate of the distribution of flows is the number of recreational uses at the segment-level. This study contributes to the literature by offering insights into the comparative roles of urban design qualities of the street environment and street network layout on pedestrian movement. The findings also offer evidence-based strategies to inform specific urban design and urban master planning decisions (i.e., the provision of more generous sidewalks on streets with relatively higher directional accessibility) in creating lively, walkable environments.

Anti-social behaviour in the square. Differentiation mechanisms among non-native groups in a peripheral neighbourhood of Barcelona

ABSTRACT This paper analyses differentiation processes between non-native groups in a stigmatized peripheral neighbourhood of Barcelona. Its more established dwellers – internal migrants from the South of Spain – have set in place differentiation processes between them and the more recently arrived international migrants. To substantivize differentiation processes, in a context where race has been largely silent, they appropriate the “civic terminology” that has become popular in the city in the last decade. In the global context of hyper-regulation and increasing privatization of urban public spaces, this group’s discursive strategies, based on the civic/non-civic divide, aim to ensure control over accessible open public space, a resource that is locally scarce. Using the ethnographic example of the tensions around “proper behaviour” in the area’s main square, the article explores processes of identification and differentiation in a context where autochthony cannot be unproblematically called upon.

The Provision and Accessibility to Parks in Ho Chi Minh City: Disparities along the Urban Core—Periphery Axis

In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC, Vietnam), there is now an urgent need for evaluating access to parks in an effort to ensure better planning within the context of rapid and increasingly privatized urbanization. In this article, we analyze the provision and accessibility to parks in HCMC. To achieve this, the information gathered was then integrated into the geographical information systems (GISs). Based on an Ascending Hierarchical Classification, we were able to identify five different types ranging in their intrinsic characteristics. The accessibility measurements calculated in the GISs show that communities are located an average of at least 879 meters away from parks, which is a relatively short distance. Children have a level of accessibility comparable to that of the overall population. Accessibility also seems to vary greatly throughout the City—populations residing in central districts (planned before 1996) enjoy better accessibility compared to those in peripheral neighborhoods (planned after 1996). Parks located in areas planned between 1996 and 2002 are the least accessible, followed by parks in areas planned after 2003. Our findings suggest possible approaches that could be used to help ensure the quality of parks and their spatial accessibility.