Periodontal Tissues In Patients Research Articles

EFFECT OF QUERСETIN AND CHLORHEXIDINE-DENT ON CHANGES IN PERIODONTIC TISSUES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN ENVIRONMENTALLY POLLUTED REGIONS OF PRECARPATHIAN REGIONS

The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Precarpathian, by adding to the complex therapy of quercetin and chlorhexidine dent. The results of research by a number of scientists indicate that the use of quercetin in complex therapy helps to restore the antioxidant system, improve oxygen uptake by tissues and peripheral circulation, improve the rheological properties of the patient's blood. These properties of the drug were used by us in the research.
 We studied changes in periodontal tissues in children living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Precarpathian, conducted a comparative characterization of changes in periodontium and proposed a treatment plan for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, supplemented with chlorhexidine dent and quercetin.
 We examined 60 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in the contaminated areas of Precarpathian (Burshtyn) and 15 people with intact periodontium living in environmentally stable conditions. All patients underwent a full range of treatment measures, taking into account the removal of dental plaque and rehabilitation of the oral cavity. In 1 group of patients (30 people) patients were treated with chlorhexidine, calendula and chamomile infusion and 1% mefenamine paste. Patients of group 2 (30 people) - the drug quercetin on the mucous membrane of the gums under the individual gingival cap and chlorhexidine dent in the form of oral baths.
 In order to compare the two groups, an index assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues and a study of rheographic parameters of periodontal tissues were performed.
 The results of the research did not show a significant difference between clinical and laboratory parameters in patients 1 and 2 groups before treatment (p> 0.05), but they differed significantly from those in the comparison group (p <0.05), which indicates the fact that unfavorable environmental living conditions have an impact on the course of periodontal disease in children. We obtained a significant difference in the blood supply to periodontal tissues in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis compared with (p <0.05). The results of the research showed that the use of quercetin and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution in the complex treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis provided a significant improvement in clinical parameters and laboratory characteristics of periodontal tissues in children living in different environmental conditions, and provided stabilization of these indicators in long-term observation. The use of the proposed scheme of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis stimulates metabolic processes in periodontal tissues, reduces cyanosis, edema of periodontal tissues according to the results of rheography of periodontal tissues. After treatment, we observe the normalization of the rheological characteristics of the gums, which indicates an improvement in blood circulation in the periodontal tissues in these patients (normalization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of rheograms).

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOSITION OF GINGIVAL POCKETS MICRFLORA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH PURULENT INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN THE PERIODONTAL TISSUES

The problem of the purulent inflammatory disorders of periodontal tissues (PIDPT) at the present time is extremely prevalent. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 80% of people suffer from periodontal diseases, and the disease incidence among young people increases significantly and reaches up to 80-95 %. The aim of the present research was to study the composition of microflora of gingival pockets in patients with purulent inflammatory periodontal diseases (PIDPT) in order to establish the specific weight of the determined microbial associations.
 Materials and methods. Microbiological researches included isolation and identification of bacteria that were present in the gingival pockets of patients with different types of PIDPT. Identification of anaerobic microorganisms and associated microflora was carried out with the help of commonly used classical bacteriological methods, with determination of biochemical properties of the microorganisms cultures using APІ and ANAEROtest 23.
 Results. There were 192 patients studied in total, all aged older than 20 with diagnoses acute and chronical periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, hypertrophic pulpitis, granulating periodontitis, parodontopathy, and local periodontitis with a presence of fistula. During the analysis of composition of the microflora isolated from periodontal tissue in patients with PIDPT, the following pathogens were isolated most frequently during the bacteriological research: Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Stomatococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. (58%). The quantity of periodontally pathogenic microorganisms was constituted 19,3% from the total quantity of isolated streains (81 isolates). The most numerous group was determined to be the “orange” complex (59,3%) – isolates of Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra. The least numerous was the group of “green” complex - (2,5 %) – Streptococcus mitis. Periodontally pathogenic representatives of microbiota in all cases were isolated as a part of associations with other bacteria.
 The presented materials signified that the periodontally pathogenic agents of the “red” and “orange” complexes were isolated together with representatives of Streptococcus spp - 33 (56,0 %) associations; Staphylococcus spp - 11(18,6%) – associations. Also in 13 cases (22,1 %) of associations the associated flora was represented by Candida spp. fungi.
 Conclusions. In course of the research, 4 species of “red” and “orange” complexes were identified, and the quantity of different associations there were present in was significant. There were 22 associations determined. The obtained date concerning microbial associates in the content of gingival pockets in PIDPT show the necessity of individual approach during treatent of this patient group, with taking into account the microbial diversity.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WOUND PROCESS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY AND DESTRUCTIVE PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN CASE OF DIABETES MELLITUS

The aim of this study implied comparing the morphology of periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus following the results of surgical intervention due to inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases. We used an erbium laser and a standard surgical method. For this, histological samples obtained from 34 patients were examined. The biopsy samples in Group 1 were studied prior to the surgical treatment of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases. Group 2 included histological samples of patients following surgeries employing conventional surgical techniques. Group 3 included gum biopsies obtained after surgical interventions performed with the erbium laser. The research outcomes revealed that when performed in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with diabetic microangiopathy of the gingival mucosa, surgical curettage or a standard surgical operation with a scalpel did not lead to any significant decrease in the chronic inflammatory process. The morphological picture of the gum soft tissues in patients with Type I and II diabetes mellitus, 3 months after the treatment with the erbium laser as a cutting tool, matched the usual structure of the mucous membrane with no obvious signs of inflammation.

PREVALENCE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT

Gout is a systemic disease characterized by an inflammatory reaction at the sites of deposition of sodium monourate crystals in individuals with hyperuricemia and is caused by external factors and (or) genetic factors. Patients with gout often have comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and dental disease. In the professional literature there are almost no studies of periodontal tissues in patients with gout. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with gout. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the main one included 150 patients with gout, and the comparative one included 80 people without rheumatic pathology. The age of the subjects ranged from 30 to 50 years or more. The clinical examination was performed according to a standard scheme, which included history taking and analysis of patient’s complaints. According to the results obtained, the patients with gout showed a significantly higher prevalence of periodontal disease in all age groups, compared with individuals with rheumatic pathology. A high percentage of periodontal pathology was observed in the young participants of the main group. The larges share in the structure of periodontal diseases among the patients with gout was represented by advanced generalized periodontitis class I and II, and parodontosis, while the individuals without rheumatic pathology demonstrated a higher percentage of initial stages of periodontal disease. With age, both groups demonstrated the increase in the prevalence of periodontal disease, but in patients with gout, this process was more intense. It can be concluded that systemic disorders associated with gout, among which chronic autoimmune inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and a high risk of atherosclerosis are very common, can be regarded as predictors of both rapid progression and aggravation of destructive inflammatory lesions of the periodontium.

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS CLASS II

Introduction. Inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissue are one of the most prevalent worldwide. This pathology has a complex aetiology and ambiguous views on pathogenetic mechanisms; therefore, the approach to the assessment of periodontitis should be integrated. The aim of the study was to assess the state of periodontal tissues in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis class II and absent or compensated somatic pathology. Materials and methods. We examined 20 patients aged 35 to 45 years having a diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis class II who had no somatic pathologies or compensated somatic pathology. The patients underwent the assessment of their hygienic, gingival and periodontal indices, measuring the depth of periodontal pockets, the level of the gingival margin, loss of clinical attachment and bleeding during probing. Results. The average value of the Green-Vermillion hygienic index among the study group was 2.16, the papillary-marginal-alveolar index was 56%, and the periodontal Russell index was 3.4scores. The mean value of the depth of periodontal pockets was 3.75, and the loss of clinical attachment was 4.12. The average index of Müllemann's bleeding gums in the surveyed was 4.1. Conclusions. Аn integrated approach to assessing the state of periodontal tissues contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology, characteristics of the course and predicting the consequences of chronic generalized periodontitis class II.

Pathogenetic features of periodontitis as complications of orthodontic treatment

The article presents the results of clinical and microbiological studies and immunological features of the state of periodontal tissues in patients with moderate periodontitis, which developed as a complication of orthodontic treatment. It was found that at the later stages of orthodontic treatment with the development of periodontitis, a complex of persistent changes in the periodontal tissues at different levels of pathogen-esis was revealed in patients. In this connection, in order to plan the complex treatment of patients with periodontitis, which has developed as a complication of orthodontic treatment, and to predict the course of the disease, it is necessary to influence the established and mutually supportive links and indicators of pathogenesis.

RESULTS OF CLINICAL STUDY OF COMPLEX TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS WITH THE USE OF STRONTIUM DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

The most significant periodontal disorders associated with diabetes mellitus are due to changes in bone tissue. It has become necessary for specific osteotropic therapy that can normalize metabolic processes in the alveolar bone. In turn, currently the most promising in terms of improving osteogenic activity are strontium ions. Strontium ranelate is used to treat osteoporosis due to its antiresorptive and osteoanabolic action. However, its effectiveness against alveolar bone has not been sufficiently studied.
 The purpose of the work is to conduct a clinical study of complex treatment of generalized periodontitis, supplemented with strontium ranelate, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Materials and methods of the research. The study included 60 patients with generalized periodontitis of I-II degree of severity, chronic course, aged 35-45 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed and two groups were formed. The traditional treatment regimen was used in the group of comparison (main group) where Strontium Ranelate was prescribed additionally. The treatment was evaluated according to the dynamics of clinical observations, orthopantomography and computed tomography data, the results of biochemical studies. As markers of bone resorption, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was determined in blood serum and the content of β-CrossLaps fragments was determined in urine. As markers of osteogenesis, the concentration of C-terminal propeptide type I procollagen (CICP) was detected in blood plasma, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and osteocalcin were detected in serum. Serum parathyroid hormone concentrations, total blood calcium and total inorganic phosphorus in the blood were studied as indicators of mineral metabolism.
 Results of the research. In the earliest possible timeframe the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis was conducted during the observation which led to clinical stabilization of the inflammatorydestructive process in the periodontal tissues without a significant difference between the experimental groups (p ˃ 0.05). However, the condition of periodontal tissues in patients of the experimental groups differed in a year after treatment. In 16.7% of patients from the comparison group, recurrence of the inflammatory-destructive process in periodontal tissues was diagnosed, while the cases the deterioration of the pathological process was not detected in the main group. A significant difference was found for complex periodontal indices (Ramfjord, PI and SPITN) (p <0.05). Clinical and radiological stabilization was observed in 83.3% of patients of the comparison group and in 100% in the main group. According to the results of computed tomography of the alveolar bone, an increase in bone mineral density was established in both groups, but only in the main group the difference between indices before and after treatment was significant (p˂0.05).
 In patients of the main group a more pronounced decrease in the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was found in the serum and the concentration of β-CrossLaps was found in the urine, indicating inhibition of bone resorption, as well as markers of bone formation the concentration of C-terminal propeptide (CICP) was found in blood plasma, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was found in serum, osteocalcin (p <0.05). Indicators of mineral metabolism in bone tissue, both during treatment and for experimental groups, almost did not differ (p> 0.05).
 Thus, the use of strontium drugs in the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus provides a longer and more stable clinical and radiological stabilization of the pathological process in periodontal tissues, primarily by inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing osteogenesis. So, they can be recommended for the wide use in stomatological practice.

Results of the use of natural healing factors of Crimea in the treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with the background of gastroenterological pathology

Relevance. Currently, researchers pay close attention to the study of chronic diseases that have a direct or indirect impact on the state of the patient’s dental status. It is known that chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs are, often simultaneously, permanent foci of infection that affect the state of other systems and organs. The general list of such diseases includes: chronic gingivitis, chronic generalized periodontitis, glossitis, gingivostomatitis.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of complex conservative therapy, including natural therapeutic factors of Crimea, in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs, occurring against the background of somatic pathology.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were periodontal tissues in 70 people with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and gingivostomatitis, occurring against the background of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.Results. The results obtained indicate that complex treatment with local application of hydrotherapy named “PhytoBiol” and thermal Saka mineral water (in a dilution of 1:4), combined with periodontal dressings according to the recipe proposed by us, cause persistent remission of these diseases, contribute to the improvement of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. Thus, complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in patients in the main group (n = 35) led to long-term remission in 82.33% of cases, while in the control group the result was 69.5% (at p < 0.05).Conclusions. The positive results, which were obtained, give grounds to recommend the proposed complex of treatment and prevention of exacerbations of this chronic disease for use in practical health care.

Удосконалення схеми лікування захворювань тканин пародонта у хворих з патологією сечовивідної системи

The aim of the study. Study of the effectiveness of our proposed scheme of treatment of periodontal tissues in patients with pathology of the urinary system comparing to a traditional scheme. Research methods. The study involved 72 patients with pathologies of the urinary system: glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and urolithiasis. They were divided into 2 groups: basic and comparison. The first group received our treatment, which consisted of professional hygiene and subsequent application of a combination of ointments of Thiotriazoline and Zinc Oxide, and rinsing with 0.05% solution of Chlorhexidine bigluconate for 5 days. The traditional treatment consisted of professional oral hygiene and rinsing with 0.05 % chlorhexidine bigluconate solution twice a day for 5 days. Patients before and after treatment were examined and indexed. In patients with a complex of antioxidant drugs, the results were better than in patients who underwent traditional treatment of periodontal tissues. Scientific novelty. Periodontal tissue pathology is one of the predominant groups of diseases of the oral cavity, so the problem of their treatment or prevention is quite relevant. Periodontal diseases in patients with pathology of the urinary system to date are studied insufficiently. There are not enough studies about the causes, features of the course, treatment and prevention of periodontal pathologies in this group of patients. Therefore, the development of new or improvement of existing treatment regimens in patients with diseases of the urinary system is of considerable interest to both scientists and practitioners. Conclusions. Our results showed that our proposed scheme of treatment of periodontal tissues in patients with pathologies of the urinary system is more effective than traditional treatment. Key words: periodontal tissue disease, pathology of the urinary system, Thiotriazoline, Zinc Oxide, Chlorhexidine bigluconate, PMA, Russell periodontal index, CPITN.

Does periodontitis play a causal role in the Systemic lupus erythematosus? A systematic review

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with a relatively unclear etiology. Some evidence confirmed the effects of chronic infections on the development of autoimmune conditions. The association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis as an autoimmune disease is assessed in several studies, which guides the readers to the possible role of periodontitis and oral dysbiosis in other autoimmune diseases, such as SLE. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SLE and periodontitis. For the purpose of the study, the articles focused mainly on the relationship between SLE and periodontitis published up to 2019 were searched in three databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Moreover, some articles were found using manual search. Finally, 18 studies were selected after the detailed evaluation of the full-text versions. The majority of the entered studies confirmed a high prevalence of periodontitis diseases (PD) and the destruction of periodontal tissues in patients with SLE, which was estimated between 60% and 93.8%. This finding can be attributed to the differences in genetic and environmental backgrounds. The relationship between chronic periodontitis (CP) and SLE depends on the common multiple factors. Periodontal and inflammatory diseases have a common origin, and both of them have several components of the immune system. In general, two main predisposing factors of SLE and periodontitis diseases are similar genetic vulnerability and environmental background. On the other hand, it should not be neglected to consider the role of immune dysfunction and immunosuppressive treatment in the initiation and development of CP.

Increased Stress Concentration in Prosthesis, Adhesive Cement, and Periodontal Tissue with Zirconia RBFDPs by the Reduced Alveolar Bone Height.

To investigate the risk of debonding of resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis frameworks and the effects on the periodontal tissue in patients with reduced alveolar bone levels. The abutment teeth were the upper central incisor and the canine. Resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis framework fabricated using zirconia was set to models with five different alveolar bone levels. A 200-N load (the maximum clenching force of the anterior teeth) was applied to the center of the pontic to analyze the internal stress on the framework, adhesive cement, and periodontal tissue using finite element analysis. The mean maximum principal stress generated in the framework was 25.33 and 29.35 MPa in the models with the normal and the lowest alveolar bone level, respectively. Regarding shear stress on the adhesive cement, stress concentration was observed on the connector side in all models, and it increased on the cervical side of the central incisor as the alveolar bone level decreased. In addition, the mean maximum and minimum principal strains generated on the periodontal ligament of the central incisor and canine tended to increase as alveolar bone loss progressed. Furthermore, the mean maximum principal stress on the cortical bone was the greatest in the model with the most significant bone loss at 5.10 MPa. This study suggested that the risk of debonding and periodontal tissue damage might be higher when resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis frameworks were used in patients with reduced alveolar bone levels compared to those in a healthy state.

ESTIMATION OF THE CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF LASER TECHNOLOGIES FOR SANITATION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN INFLAMMATORY - DESTRUCTIVE DISEASES OF THE PERIODONT IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE I AND II DIABETES MELLITU

The study is devoted to the study of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases against the background of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The search and development of new approaches to the rehabilitation of periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus are aimed at stabilizing the pathological process in the oral cavity. The use of high-energy lasers in practice leads to a persistent bactericidal effect in target tissues and a reduction in the regeneration time in the postoperative period. Erbium laser with a wavelength of 2940 nm was used as a cutting tool according to the manufacturer's instructions in the recommended mode. The clinical efficacy of the dental laser in comparison with the conventional surgical method is shown on the basis of the quantitative results of the evaluation of the effect generally accepted in evidence-based medicine. The expediency of combining patients with different types of diabetes mellitus into a general group has been determined. A number of indices in the groups with gingivitis and periodontitis were analyzed. A randomized, open, comparative in parallel groups clinical study of the effectiveness of debridement of foci of periodontal infection in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus using an erbium laser in comparison with the surgical method was carried out. The paper presents conclusions on the reduction of the unfavorable outcome of inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases when using laser technologies. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of a dental laser open the prospect for including this method of sanitation of gum tissue in the scheme of complex treatment of inflammatory and destructive periodontal disease.

Clinical Manifestations of Periodontal Tissue Diseases in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Live in Anthropogenically Loaded Areas

The objective of the study is to clinically assess the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, living in anthropogenically loaded and environmentally friendly areas and in people with generalized periodontitis without concomitant somatic diseases.
 Materials and methods. There were examined 137 patients, including 82 patients with generalized periodontitis of the I degree (subgroups A) and the II degree (subgroups B) with rheumatoid arthritis, living in anthropogenically loaded areas (group I), environmentally friendly areas (group II) and without concomitant somatic diseases living in environmentally friendly areas (group III). Control group – included 18 healthy people.
 Periodontal tissues were evaluated according to the indices: Greene-Vermillion, PMA, periodontal index offered by Russel and the depth of periodontal pockets. 
 Results. Women (80%) dominated in each group, patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree of severity dominated, too.
 The highest depth of periodontal pockets was 5.02±0.11 mm in the IB subgroup and differed significantly from this figure in the IIB subgroup 1.07-fold (pIB-IIB<0.05) and from that in the IIIB subgroup 1.2-fold (pIB-IIIB<0.001). The value of the Greene-Vermilion index in patients with GP of the I degree of development in all subgroups A corresponded to “unsatisfactory”. In patients with GP of the II degree of development, the state of hygiene corresponded to “bad” in subgroups IB, IIB and was 3.04±0.11 points (pIB-IIB˂0.01, pIB-IIIB˂0.001, pIB-K˂0.001); 2,63 ± 0.07 points (pIIB-IB˂0.01, pIIB-IIIB˂0.001, pIIB-K˂0.001), in ІІІB – “unsatisfactory”. According to the indicators of the PMA index in patients with GP of the I degree of severity, we’ve found the average severity degree of gingivitis (within the range of 43.25±2.02 – 48.06±1.46%) and severe degree of gingivitis in patients with the GP of the II degree >50 %. The highest indicator of periodontal index was found in the IB subgroup – 6.16±0.10 points (pIB-IIB˂0.01, pIB-IIIB˂0.001, pIB-K˂0.001), which indicated a severe form of periodontitis.
 Conclusion. Most often, GP in patients with RA was diagnosed in women, most of whom were patients with GP of the II degree (most in group I – 69.04%). The highest depth of periodontal pockets was 5.02±0.11 mm in the IB subgroup. The performed clinical and index assessment of periodontal tissues in patients of three groups indicates a more severe course of GP of the I and II degree in patients with rheumatoid arthritis living in anthropogenically loaded areas (IA, IB subgroups).

Evaluation of Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in Periodontal Patients Undergoing Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy and Mouthwash Based on Ozonated Olive Oil: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in the damage to the periodontal tissue in patients with periodontitis. Scaling and root planning (SRP) attempt to control the plaque amount and consequentially reduce the bacterial load. Non-surgical periodontal treatment could be integrated with drug therapy and physiotherapy procedures such as ozone therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate in a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis: (1) the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy assisted by the use of ozonated olive oil-based mouthwash on salivary metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and (2) the reduction of periodontal indices. Methods: Ninety-six subjects with a diagnosis of periodontitis were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to the study group (SRP + mouthwash) or control group (SRP). The study duration was 3 months. Data on MMP-8, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were recorded at T0, T1 (14 days), T2 (1 month) and T3 (6 months). Group differences were assessed using Student’s t-test for independent samples. Results: A significant improvement in PI, BoP, PPD and salivary MMP-8 levels was observed in both groups. An analysis of differences in relative changes of indices revealed the efficacy of ozonated olive oil in decreasing MMP-8 level. Simultaneously, it slowed the decrease of BoP index. Conclusions: Scaling and root plaining with the aid of ozonated olive oil mouthwash were found to be more effective on salivary MMP-8 reduction than scaling and root plaining alone.

Features of periodontal diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Systemic diseases of the body, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), play an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis. The main dental symptom of OSA is dry mouth due to oral breathing, which is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Purpose. Сlinical and laboratory assessment of periodontal tissues in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Material and methods. The subjects of our study were patients from 35 to 65 years old. In total, 40 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and 30 patients who made up the comparison group were examined. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were divided into three groups according to the severity of apnea. The first group included patients of women and men with mild apnea, the second group of men and women with moderate apnea, and the third with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Gum bleeding was assessed by the Mulleman-Cowell index, the degree of inflammation in the gum using the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA). The hygiene index was evaluated by Quigle-Hein as modified by Tureski. Results. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea was rated as “unsatisfactory”. In the structure of the distribution of periodontal diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, periodontitis of moderate severity prevails, while in the comparison group - periodontitis of mild severity. We also observed a correlation between the severity of apnea and the values of periodontal indices. Index data for mild severity and the data of the comparison group practically did not differ. While in severe apnea, the indices were much higher (average Muhlemann-Cowell index — 1.59±0.3, РМА — 57.49±0.87%) than the comparison group (average Muhlemann-Cowell index — 1.25±0.1, РМА — 38.84±0.93%). When assessing the qualitative composition of the oral microflora by PCR of patients with apnea, a higher number of P. gingivalis and A. Actinomycetemcomitans was revealed compared with the comparison group (p <0.02). Conclusions. According to the results of the dental examination, the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is higher than in the comparison group. The data obtained indicate a more severe periodontal disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea compared with the comparison group.

Measurement and clinical significance of gingival biotype in anterior teeth

Abstract:The morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue and tooth tissue in gingival biotype are one of the indicators reflecting the individual differences of periodontal tissue in patients. Gingival biotypes of anterior teeth are often related to the prognosis of smile aesthetic treatment, which is one of the reference indexes for predicting the success rate of aesthetic treatment such as restoration, implant, periodontal, orthodontic and so on. Gingival biotypes have individual differences, so different gingival biotypes have different responses to different external stimuli. In the current clinical work, the correct evaluation of gingival biotype, especially the accurate measurement of gingival thickness, is the basis of reasonable choice of treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Adjunctive effects of laser therapy on somatosensory function and vasomotor regulation of periodontal tissues in patients with periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the changes in periodontal somatosensory function and microcirculation in patients with periodontitis following initial treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjuvant laser therapy. Twenty-four patients suffering from periodontitis were recruited and randomly allocated into a split-mouth design to either SRP combined laser therapy side (test side) or SRP only side (control side). All treatments were performed by the same investigator at a single visit. Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) were performed at baseline (W0), 1week (1W), 2weeks (2W), and 4weeks (4W) after treatment on both sides of the attached gingiva of the maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical examination including probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed at W0, 2W, and 4W on both sides. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance. PD and BOP significantly improved after treatment (P<0.001). LDF values were significantly decreased on both sides at all follow-up time points (P<0.001), temperature was increased only on the test side (P=0.017) whereas there was no significant change on the control side (P=0.792). Significantly less sensitivity was observed for all QST parameters (P<0.030) except for warmth detection after treatment. Adjunctive use of laser therapy did not provide any significant clinical advantage or additional effects on the recovery of periodontal somatosensory function or gingival microcirculation in the present study.

Thermography of periodontal tissues in patients with partial tooth loss before and after orthopedic treatment

The article is devoted to the study of the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with diagnoses of ‘defect of hard tissue of teeth’ and ‘partial loss of teeth’ before and after orthopedic treatment using the method of thermography. The method of infrared thermography has such qualities as high information content, non-invasive research, ease of use, objectivity and complete safety. 50 patients were examined before and after prosthetics with fixed prostheses and 30 subjects of the control group with an intact periodontium. As a result of the study, data were obtained that led to the conclusion that orthopedic treatment of patients with periodontal diseases favorably affects the state of periodontal tissues, reducing inflammation, as evidenced by a decrease in thermography values after treatment.

Evaluation of gingival microcirculation in localized periodontitis of traumatic etiology

Relevance. The indispensable study of blood microcirculation of periodontal tissues in patients with localized periodontitis of traumatic etiology (LPTE) alongside with the assessment of the somatic status lets determine the degree of adaptive capacity of the organism. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) allows noninvasively identify preclinical changes in the periodontal blood microcirculation and observe periodontal status at any treatment phase aiming at the confirmation of effectiveness of undertaken measures.Purpose. The objective of this work is to evaluate periodontal blood microcirculation in LPTE for existing latent vascular flow changes and adaptation features.Materials and methods. LDF measurements of periodontal blood microcirculation in 169 patients with mild and medium LPTE, conducted relaxed and with the use of functional cold test, were done.Results. A decrease in the number of functioning capillaries in periodontal tissues (expressed in a decrease of the integral index of microcirculation), a decrease in blood flow variability (σ-standard deviation) and the stress of the functioning of the regulatory blood microcirculation (Cv) were found. Due to outcomes, it was registered that in mild and medium severity LPTE, normal reaction of adaptation detected at 69.6% and 43.4% cases, respectively, in the remaining cases reaction of intense adaptation and unsatisfactory response adaptation (only if the moderate degree of LPTE) were fixed.Conclusion. Latent periodontal vascular flow changes and also adaptation characteristics are closely related with the somatic state of the body, in particular with the presence of cardiovascular disease in a group of patients.

КЛИНИКО-РЕНТГЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТКАНЕЙ ПАРОДОНТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РЕЦЕССИЕЙ ДЕСНЫ

Subject. Gingival recession refers to a form of periodontal disease, which is characterized by a decrease in the free gum without signs of chronic inflammation in the apical direction of the gum and periodontal tissues.&#x0D; The goal is to determine the clinical and radiological features of periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession.&#x0D; Methodology. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted according to a specially developed algorithm of 47 patients aged 20 to 45 years old with a diagnosis of gum recession, which included the collection of anamnestic data, special questionnaires, clinical, radiological and ultrasound examinations of periodontal tissues.&#x0D; Results. According to clinical and radiological data, the diagnosis of gum recession was confirmed in all patients: in 31 (62 %) ― Miller's class I gum recession, in 11 (25 %) ― II, in 5 (11 %) ― III and in 1 (2 %) ― IV. The dependence of the gum recession on the quality of oral hygiene was determined: with satisfactory oral hygiene (OHI-S &lt;2.6), the depth of the gum recession was 1-1.5 mm, with poor (OHI-S&gt; 2.6) ― more than 1,5 mm. In 14 (42.8 %) patients, a concomitant diagnosis of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis was established, in 57.2 % of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Of the total number of patients, a thin biotype was determined in 30 (63.8 %) patients, and a thick biotype was identified in 17 (36.2 %). A combination of a thin biotype with a small vestibule of the oral cavity, the presence of anomalies of the frenum and strands of the mucous membrane in 23.4 % was revealed.&#x0D; Conclusions. Miller class I gingival recessions have the highest frequency of occurrence (62 %). The ultrasonic research method allowed non-invasive determination of the gingival biotype and gum thickness. A thin biotype of the gum was diagnosed in 63.8 % of patients, which must be taken into account when planning surgical treatment.