Perceptions Of Governance Research Articles

The Empirical Study Of The External Auditor Selection

<p>This study aims to examine the influence of good corporate governance and the characteristics of the company on the external auditor selection empirically. The companies need to pay attention to the factors that influence the external auditor selection in order to obtain a high quality auditor. This study was conducted at the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and follows the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) in the year 2010-2014. The total sample of 35 was obtained by using the purposive sampling method. The dependent variable used was the external auditor selection, while the independent variable used was good corporate governance, the size of the company, profitability, leverage, and audit fees. The logistic regression analysis method was used to examine the hypothesis of this study. The results of this study showed that variable corporate governance, leverage and audit fees did not have a significant effect on the external auditor selection. While the variable size of the company and the profitability had a significant effect on the external auditor selection.</p>

Affordable housing policy development: public official perspectives

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the factors affecting the implementation of affordable housing policies in two Chinese municipal governments. Since 2010, the Chinese government has enforced an ambitious plan to adopt affordable housing provisions accompanying a series of urbanization programs. Furthermore, the policy implementation at the local level has led to various outcomes but has been scarcely investigated. The views of policy implementation from local officials are crucial in the context of intergovernmental relations. Therefore, it is important to examine the views of local public officials on the development status and challenges in the context of Chinese intergovernmental relations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper verifies which factors exert significant impacts on the willingness of local officials to adapt affordable housing policies by using the logistic regression model and marginal effect estimation. With original data from the fieldwork surveys of city administrators, the measures incorporated local characteristics as well as the intergovernmental support from the central government in two selected megacities, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.FindingsThere are significant differences in local investment between the selected cities. Intergovernmental support from the central government, city development strategies, implementation perceptions of local governments and land supply, all significantly impact the selection of an affordable housing program and its overall implementation.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ understanding, this study would be one of the first to empirically explore the view of municipal public officials on affordable housing policy in China. This paper provides an empirical analysis from municipal public officials on the local implementation of affordable housing policies in China. As the outcome of housing policies actually depends on the implementation willingness of public officials and the overall performance of local governments, this explorative study would benefit the future development of China’s affordable housing policy.

The Effects of Foreign Aid on Rebel Governance: Evidence from a Large-Scale U.S. Aid Program in Syria

Most research underscores the inefficacy of foreign aid as an instrument for influencing local perceptions of governance in countries affected by conflict. In contrast, we argue that aid can improve public perceptions of governing institutions during civil wars when those institutions arise from popular uprisings against authoritarian regimes. To evaluate our theory, we analyze new perceptions-based data, both quantitative and qualitative, which was collected from residents of 27 opposition-held communities inside Syria from 2014 to 2016. We find a positive statistical relationship between aid and perceptions of local institutions, but only when the populace does not believe the institutions were imposed by an outside actor. These results are further supported by placebo tests and a case study of Raqqa City, in which we show that aid boosted citizens' views of the local councils until ISIS took over.

Strategies of self-organising communities in a gentrifying city

While commonly pitched as potential spaces for the empowerment of marginalised minority groups, self-organised projects such as community gardens are also susceptible to neoliberal discourses and governance mechanisms. While relationships between community gardening and gentrification are now well established, less is known about the grassroots strategies of garden groups in the context of such conditions and the ways in which gentrification changes the community gardening movement itself. This paper combines conceptual approaches to community gardens as shaping citizen-subjectivities and as projects positioned in networks to offer detailed insight into strategic responses of community gardeners to a gentrifying environment. The paper highlights how demographic change, neighbourhood densification and changes in the attitude of local government shape three community gardens in Sydney, Australia. The paper reveals that, more than government policy, changes that gardeners observe in the neighbourhood and their perceptions of local government’s attitude towards different community gardens in the vicinity, shape how they manage community gardens. Interactions and responses of garden groups to perceived threats, as well as changes in the projects’ social composition, can lead to the emergence of conflict and competition. As it becomes increasingly clear that inequalities in the surrounding urban environment manifest as part of the social fabric of community spaces, the paper demonstrates that communities are differently positioned to articulate strategies in response to perceived precarity and that these strategies can amplify unequal opportunities for distinct garden groups to persist into the future.

The Effect of the Size of Public Accounting Firm, Leverage, and Corporate Governance on the Integrity of Financial Statement: A Study on Companies Listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange

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Pengaruh Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

Earnings management is driven by number of factors that are wrong to say leverage. One way to reduce management actions taken by management is the existence of good corporate governance in the company. This study aims to find evidence that is used to influence corporate earnings management in moderating the effect of leverage on earnings management. This research was conducted in all non-financial companies recorded in the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) in 2011-2016. The method of determining the sample used is purposive sampling. The number of companies that meet the requirements is 5 companies with 30 observations. Data collection is done by non-participant techniques. The data analysis technique used is Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the study, namely leverage has a negative effect on earnings management. This study also found that Corporate Governance was able to moderate the influence of leverage on earnings management.
 Keywords: Earnings Management, Leverage, Corporate Governance

An analysis of actors' perceptions of Maio island's (Cape Verde) marine governance

This paper compares the perceptions of various actors who come from Maio island's (Cape Verde) small-scale fishing community or are working on or studying its marine management. The research analyses environmental governance perceptions (desired governance) in relation to official (de jure) governance and effective (de facto) governance. It uses the Actor in 4 Dimensions method (including adapted individual interviews on Maio's social-ecological system) to produce graphical environmental footprints that portray a diversity of actors' and groups' perceptions. Footprint results show a clear general tendency for a strong prominence of the “cooperation” (social profile) and “cohabitation” (environmental profile) dimensions, compared with the much lighter stamps of their opposite “conflict” and “domination” dimensions. It appears that although most actors wish to preserve Maio's marine environment, some hope for more economic development while others wish to preserve their island's renowned quiet. Also, many actors feel that despite being included in some territorial discussions, they are not in a position to decide on policies that strongly affect them such as fishing agreements and tourism development. This perceived inability to influence island and community development combined with larger-scale policies that override local interests to various extents are both influenced by path dependence. A redirection of policies and actions in favor of island communities' subsistence and autonomy (empowerment and extensive participative governance) could reverse the harmful “external forces cascade” effects solely if power delegation is accompanied by sufficient economic and human means and is not impaired by larger-scale policies and activities.

Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014 - 2017 (Studi pada Perusahaan yang Memperoleh CGPI Tahun 2014 – 2017)

The objectives of this study is to find out the influence of good corporate governance (GCG) towards the corporate performance. Independent variable in this research is good corporate governance. This variable is measured with an instrument developed by IICG in the form of corporate governance perception index (CGPI). CGPI contains the score of the survey’s result related to the application of corporate governance by the Companies throughout Indonesia. Meanwhile the dependent Variable of this research is the Performance of the Company on their finances measured with “return on equity and Tobin’s Q. The Sample of this study is company which is registered in Indonesian Stock Exchange and joined CGPI Programs in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 taken by using purposive sampling method. This study used simple linear regression analysis method. The result of this study : (1) Corporate governance has a positive impact on ROE (2) Corporate governance has not an impact on Tobin’s Q

Local support for conservation is associated with perceptions of good governance, social impacts, and ecological effectiveness

AbstractLocal support is important for the longevity of conservation initiatives. The literature suggests that perceptions of ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance will influence levels of local support for conservation. This paper examines these relationships using data from a survey of small‐scale fishermen in 11 marine protected areas from six countries in the Mediterranean Sea. The survey queried small‐scale fishermen regarding perceptions and support for conservation. We constructed composite scores for three categories of perceptions—ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance—and tested the relationship with levels of support using ordinal regression models. While all three factors were positively correlated with support for conservation, perceptions of good governance and social impacts were stronger predictors of increasing support. These findings suggest that employing good governance processes and managing social impacts may be more important than ecological effectiveness for maintaining local support for conservation.

El proceso de formación de la imagen de gobierno

La imagen de un gobierno se construye a partir de varios aspectos que mantenga un Gobierno, y a cada uno de sus actores políticos. El proceso de formación y consolidación de la imagen está compuesta por un importante proceso que abarca tres etapas: En primer lugar, la Identidad de Gobierno, es decir, la esencia de su proyecto político e ideología. Dentro de esta etapa, se analizan los rasgos físicos y culturales de quienes componen a esta Entidad: Presidente, Vicepresidente y funcionarios. En segundo lugar, la Comunicación, tanto lo que dice el gobierno, cómo lo dice y cómo presentan y comercializan sus políticas, tomando en cuenta los diversos aspectos verbales y no verbales. En este sentido, es crucial que la comunicación se maneje de manera planificada y estratégica. A partir de estas dos etapas, los ciudadanos generan una percepción sobre el Gobierno y se construye su Imagen. El éxito de la imagen de un Gobierno es que ésta coincida con la identidad del Gobierno; es decir, que la percepción que tiene los ciudadanos sobre el Gobierno, coincida con la esencia propia del Gobierno.

Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Pencapaian Good Government Governance Melalui Pencegahan dan Pengungkapan Fraud

This study examines the extent of perception of government’s internal auditors (BPKP) in assessing the ability of the government's internal control system (SPIP) to detect and prevent fraud and encouraging the achievement of Good Government Governance (GGG) in the government agencies. Using the survey method to BPKP auditors at the South Sulawesi representative office and the PLS approach as a statistical tool, empirical facts were found, SPIP had a significant effect on the fraud prevention, fraud disclosure, and achievement of GGG. Moreover, Fraud Control Plan (FCP) also has a significant influence on the achievement of GGG. These results indicate the importance of periodically evaluating the effectiveness of SPIP and FCP by BPKP, in order to doing further improvement of these systems for reaching the GGG.

Patterns and Mechanisms of Political Participation among People with Disabilities

Abstract Context: Previous research has shown that Americans with disabilities turn out to vote at significantly lower levels than people without disabilities, even after accounting for demographic and other situational factors related to political involvement. The authors examined the potential mechanisms underlying their low turnout. They asked whether people with disabilities exhibit participatory attitudes and behaviors at levels commensurate with their other individual-level characteristics. Methods: The present study conducted descriptive and predictive analyses on data from the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Studies. Findings: Despite low levels of turnout in recent elections, people with disabilities were just as participatory, if not more so, when considering alternative forms of political engagement. The authors' analyses indicate that, while disability status had no bearing on political efficacy or partisan strength, those with disabilities reported being even more interested in politics than those without disabilities. Evidence is provided that depressed turnout rates among those with disabilities may be due in part to lower levels of attentiveness to the news, political knowledge, and negative perceptions of government. Conclusions: The psychological impacts and behavioral consequences that emerge from possessing a disability and the broader role of disability in the American political context are multifaceted. This area of research would benefit from future studies that examine a variety of electoral contexts.

From Social Trust and Happiness to Government Trust: The Moderating Role of Political Systems and Governance in the Philippines

There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.

Psychometric Analyses of the School Governance Scale and a Study for Principals, Teachers and Other School Personnel

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı kamu okullarında görev yapan yönetici, öğretmen ve diğer okul personelin görüşlerine dayalı olarak geçerli ve güvenilir bir okul yönetişimi ölçeği geliştirmektir. Araştırma birbirini takip eden iki aşamada yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında Okul Yönetişimi Ölçeği’nin (OYÖ) geçerlik ve güvenirlik değerleri, 217 yönetici, öğretmen ve diğer personelden toplanan veriler üzerinde Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Cronbach alfa katsayısı ile incelenmiş ve OYÖ’nün geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında ise yönetici, öğretmen ve diğer personelin okul yönetişimini benimseme düzeyinin görev, cinsiyet ve kıdem değişkenleri bakımından fark gösterip göstermediği OYÖ’nün 322 yönetici, öğretmen ve diğer personele uygulanmasıyla incelenmiştir. İkinci aşamadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre katılımcıların okul yönetişimini benimseme düzeyinde görev ve cinsiyet değişkeni bakımından anlamlı farklılaşmalar olduğu, kıdem değişkenine göre ise anlamlı farklılaşmanın olmadığı gözlenmiştir.

Assessing Forest Governance in the Countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion

The forest landscapes of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) are changing dramatically, with a multitude of impacts from local to global levels. These changes invariably have their foundations in forest governance. The aim of this paper is to assess perceptions of key stakeholders regarding the state of forest governance in the countries of the GMS. The work is based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the perceptions of forest governance in the five GMS countries, involving 762 representatives from government, civil society, news media, and rural communities. The work identified many challenges to good forest governance in the countries in the region, as well as noting reasons for optimism. Generally speaking, there was a feeling that the policies, legislation, and institutional frameworks were supportive, but there are numerous challenges in terms of implementation, enforcement, and compliance. The work also presents a program of activities recommended by the research participants to address governance challenges and opportunities in the GMS countries. These include the development of a forest governance monitoring system, and initiatives that support informed decision-making by forest product consumers in the region as well as the implementation of a capacity development program for non-state actors (e.g., civil society, news media) to ensure they are more able to support the diverse, and often demanding, forest governance initiatives.

Civilians, Control, and Collaboration During Civil Conflict

What affects civilian collaboration with armed actors during civil war? While theory and evidence confirm that harm by armed actors influences when and with whom civilians collaborate, we argue that collaboration is also a function of civilians’ perceptions of armed actors’ efforts to minimize collateral casualties. We test this argument using a series of nationwide surveys of Afghan civilians conducted quarterly between 2013-2015. Our data record civilian willingness to report roadside bombs to government authorities and perceptions of government and Taliban efforts to minimize civilian harm. Civilians are less (more) willing to collaborate with the government when they perceive the government (Taliban) carelessly using force, even after accounting for political sentiment, local security conditions, and a range of additional confounding factors. Moreover, our evidence suggests that perceived carelessness in the rival’s area of control influences collaboration. We discuss how these empirical results inform broader literatures on collaboration, conquest, occupation, and control.

The Beginning and the End of the Soviet Cultural Fundamentalism Project

The article focuses on one of the most mysterious and intriguing stories of the Soviet civilization that is connected with the original ideas of the Bolsheviks and then to the Soviet nomenclature of culture. Chronologically, our research covers the first years of the formation of Soviet state institutions, the so-called Leninist and then Stalinist periods of leadership, and ends with a period that is often called “The Thaw.” In order to grasp the conceptual and doctrinal motifs for building Soviet cultural and state institutions, we used verbatim records of the Party Congresses as our main source of information. Our main task was to clarify why culture was central and strategic for early Soviet leaders. We will show how culture gave political doctrine its conceptual integrity by linking perceptions of state, leadership and governance, and communism and labour. The analysis of our sources testifies to the existence of a quite definite trajectory of cultural policy: (1) the birth of the Bolshevik cultural project, (2) its materialization in the institutions of the Soviet statehood, (3) the normalization of the created state structures and, finally, (4) the marginalization of the cultural issue. We introduced the concept of "cultural fundamentalism" to emphasize the peculiarity of the Bolshevik cultural project in which radical anti-etatism was expressed, which implied compensation by the culture of the abolished statehood. The internal logic of the development of the cultural project led, however, to a paradoxical result — the creation of a total social state. The principal thesis of the article is that the concept of culture played a central and strategic role in the construction of a new socialist state.

Income Inequality in Malaysia: The Dichotomy of Government Perception and Malaysians' Lived Experiences

Income Inequality in Malaysia: The Dichotomy of Government Perception and Malaysians' Lived Experiences

KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK DALAM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA

The growth of international trade and trade as a result of technological developments in the last ten to fifteen years, which is commonly referred to as "globalization" has changed the perception of governments and international business people by seeking harmonization between positive law and economics. This research is a qualitative research with a juridical-normative approach. The data in this study are secondary data collected through the literature study method. This study emphasizes the understanding of electronic contracts from a positive legal perspective in the context of international trade relations. From this research, it can be seen that the rules regarding electronic contracts regarding International Trade in Indonesia are still regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning ITE and Law Number 19 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2011 concerning ITE.

Pengaruh Corporate Governance Perception Index dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan-Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di The Indonesian Institute of Corporate Governance dan Bursa Efek Indonesia

The background in this study aims to determine whether there is a partial and simultaneous influence between the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) and company size on the company's stock price listed in the Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2014-2016. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method with a sample of 12 companies that are routinely registered during the 2014-2016 period at IICG and BEI. The method of data collection used is through descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The results of the study show multiple regression equations where Y = -4,266 + 0,30X 1 + 0,511X 2 . Correlation coefficient value (R) is 0.773, so it can be concluded that the relationship between CGPI and company size on stock prices is strong. The results of the R square determination coefficient are 0.597. The partial test results of the influence of firm size can be concluded that the firm size variable does not have a significant effect on stock prices. The partial test results of the influence of CGPI can be concluded that the CGPI variable has a significant effect on stock prices. The results of the f test in testing this hypothesis are shown that together the independent variables have a significant influence on the dependent variable. This can be proven from the Fcount value of 24.447 greater than Ftable of 3.280. So it can be concluded that the CGPI variable and company size have a significant influence on stock prices